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[Zadejte text.] Gymnázium, Brno, Slovanské nám. 7, WORKBOOK - Biology Topic 2: Introduction to Animals, Spongy, Cnidarians VOCABULARY acoelomate – animal with a solid body that lacks a fluid-filled body cavity between the gut and the body wall anterior – head end of animal with bilateral symmetry bilateral symmetry – body plan that can be divided into mirror images along only one plane through the central axis blastula – fluid-filled ball of cells formed by mitotic cell division of the embryo cephalization – tendency to concentrate sensory organs and nervous tissue at an animal’s anterior end coelom – fluid-filled body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm cnidocyte – nematocyst-containing stinging cell on a cnidarian’s tentacle choanocyte – in sponges, specialized cell that uses flagella to move steady current of water through the sponge deuterostome – coelomate animal whose anus develops from the opening in the gastrula dorsal – backside of an animal with bilateral symmetry ectoderm – outer layer of cells in the gastrula that develops into nervous tissue and skin endoderm – inner layer of cells in the gastrula that develops into digestive organs and the digestive tract lining endoskeleton – internal skeleton that protects internal organs, provides support for the organism’s body, and can provide an internal brace for muscles to pull against exoskeleton – hard or tough outer covering of many invertebrates that provides support, protects body tissues, prevents water loss, and protects the organism from predation external fertilization – type of fertilization that occurs when sperm and egg combine outside an animal’s body filter feeder – organism that filters small particles from water to get food gastrovascular cavity – in cnidarians, the space surrounded by an inner cell layer, where digestion take place gastrula – two-cell-layer sac with an opening at one end that forms from the blastula during embryonic development gemmules – in sponges, specialized structures that can survive difficult environmental conditions, such as frost or drought, and contain archeocytes surrounded by a tough layer of spicules hermaphrodite – animal that produces both sperm and eggs in its body, generally at different times internal fertilization – type of fertilization that occurs when sperm and egg combine inside an animal’s body invertebrate – animal without a backbone; between 95 and 99 percent of animal species are invertebrates medusa – umbrella-shaped, free-swimming body form of cnidarians mesoderm – layer of cells between the endoderm and the ectoderm that can become muscle tissue and tissue of the circulatory, respiratory, and excretory systems INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ [Zadejte text.] Gymnázium, Brno, Slovanské nám. 7, WORKBOOK - Biology nematocyst – capsule whose threadlike tube contains poison and barbs and discharged when prey touches a cnidarian nerve net – cnidarian nervous system that conducts impulses to and from all parts of the body polyp – tube-shaped, sessile body form of cnidarians posterior – tail end of an animal with bilateral symmetry protostome – coelomate animal whose mouth develops from the opening in the gastrula pseudocoelom – fluid-filled body cavity between the mesoderm and the endoderm radial symmetry – body plan that can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into roughly equal halves sessile – organism permanently attached to one place spicule – in sponges, a spike-shaped structure made of chalklike calcium carbonate or glasslike silica symmetry – balance or similarity in body structures of organisms ventral – underside or belly of an animal with bilateral symmetry vertebrate – animal with an endoskeleton and backbone zygote – fertilized egg formed when a sperm cell penetrates an egg INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ