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Name: ______________________________ Date: _______________________ Class: __________________ S6E4 Weather and Climate - Chapter 16 Section 1: What is Weather? A. Weather is the state of the ____________________________________ at a specific time & place. a. Includes conditions such as _______________________________, ______________, _________________________________, & ________________________________________________. b. The ____________ evaporates _________________ into the __________________________________ forming clouds and returning water to Earth as ______________ or ______________; the sun also _____________ the air. c. Temperature is a measure of __________________________ movement i. The sun’s ___________________ causes air molecules to move ___________________; temperatures are ______________________ and it feels ____________________. ii. When less of the sun’s energy reaches air molecules, they move ____________________ and it feels _______________________. d. Wind is air __________________________________________________________________. i. As the sun heats air, it _______________________, becomes less _________________, rises, and has ___________________ atmospheric pressure. ii. Cooler air is __________________ and sinks, causing ______________ atmospheric pressure, iii. Air moves from ____________ pressure areas to ___________ pressure areas, causing wind. e. Humidity is the ______________________________________________________________________. i. Warmer air can hold _____________ water vapor, making it more __________________. ii. Relative humidity is ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________. iii. When air cools, it can’t hold as much ___________________________________, so the water vapor __________________________ to liquid or forms ________________________________. iv. _________________________________ is the temp. at which air is saturated and _____________________________________________ forms. B. Clouds form as _______________ air is forced __________________________ and cools. Then water vapor condenses into tiny ________________________ that remain suspended in the air. a. The shape and height of clouds vary with ______________________________, ___________________________, and the water vapor in the atmosphere. b. Shapes of clouds: i. _________________________ - smooth, even sheets or layers at low altitudes. ii. _________________________ - puffy, white, often with flat bases iii. _________________________ - high, thin, white, feathery, made of ice crystals c. Height of clouds: i. _______________ - high elevation ii. _______________ - middle elevation iii. _______________ - low elevation C. Precipitation is _________________________________________________________________________ a. When water droplets in clouds combine & grow large enough, precipitation falls to Earth b. Air _____________________________ determines if it will be rain, sleet, snow or hail. Section 2: Weather Patterns A. Because air & water vapor move in the atmosphere, _______________________ constantly changes. a. An air mass is __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. Stormy weather is associated with _____________ pressure areas. c. Fair weather is associated with ______________ pressure areas. d. Air pressure is measured by a _________________________________. B. A front is ________________________________________________________________________________ a. ________________, _________________________________, & _________________________ happen at frontal boundaries. b. _______________________________ - where cold air moves under _________________________. c. _______________________________ - where warm air moves over _________________________. d. ____________________________________________ - involves 3 air masses of different temps. e. ____________________________________________ - air masses & their boundaries stop advancing (moving forward) C. Severe weather a. _______________________________ happen along warm, moist masses & at frontal boundaries. i. Warm, moist air is forced quickly upward, where it cools and _______________________. ii. Strong updrafts of warm air & sinking, rain-cooled air cause strong __________________. b. Lightning i. Movement of air inside a storm causes parts of the cloud to become __________________. ii. Current flows between the regions of opposite electrical charge, forming a ___________________________________________. c. Thunder - lightning ________________________ the air, causing it to expand quickly & then contract, forming sound waves d. _________________________ - a violent, whirling wind that moves in a narrow path over land, scale is determined by The Fujita Scale (p.475) e. _________________________ - a large, swirling, low pressure system that forms over tropical oceans, the Beaufort Wind Speed Scale is used to determine the intensity of the winds (p.483) f. _________________________ - a winter storm with strong winds, cold temps, and low visibility, lasting more than _______________________. D. Severe Weather Safety a. A National Weather Service _______________ means conditions are favorable for severe weather to develop. b. A _____________________ means that severe weather conditions already exist (have been sighted)