Download The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars (No. 268)

Christian Churches of God
No. 268
The Unitarian/Trinitarian
Wars
(Edition 2.0 19980918-20000115-20040709)
When Constantine came to power he attempted to unify the Roman Empire under one system
and he sought to do that through Christianity. What he did not realize was that the Roman
faction was not the dominant faction and that the doctrines of the Church had become confused
from those of the original Church. This confusion led to a series of wars between two factions,
both of which contained doctrinal error. The end result of this doctrinal error and desire for
political domination through religion was continuous war and persecution for seventeen hundred
years. The error and conflict will ultimately bring the planet to total ruin.
Christian Churches of God
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AUSTRALIA
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(Copyright © 1998, 2000, 2004 Wade Cox)
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Page 2
The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars
The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars
The Athanasian/Arian Dispute from
Nicea
After the Edict of Toleration of Milan in 314, the
emperor Constantine sought to use Christianity
for political purposes and initially supported the
Roman faction, which came to adopt the
doctrines of Athanasius and, later, that of the
Cappadocians. The doctrinal position of the
Church had become blurred by Gnostic factions,
influenced by the mystery cults. Constantine
supported the Athanasian faction on the mistaken
assumption that, because it was dominant in
Rome, it was the major sect, but the deposition of
Arius in the packed Synod of Alexandria led
ultimately to war with his co-emperor, Licinius,
and the troubles of 322-323 CE.
After conquering Licinius and establishing
himself as sole Emperor, he convened the
Council of Nicea in 325 CE to consolidate the
Athanasian (later Catholic) position. The creed
attributed to the Council of Nicea is referred to as
the Nicean Creed, but its edicts were really
expanded by the Council of Constantinople in
381. The Synod of Chalcedon in 451 refers to the
Creed of the Council of Constantinople in 381,
but in an effort to give an incorrect picture of
continuity, the Council of Nicea is referred to by
Trinitarian Christianity. In 318 Constantine had
ordered the conference between the bishop of
Rome and the desposyni; the bishops were of the
family of Jesus Christ. The response of the
Roman Church was to order their extermination
(see below and the paper The Virgin Mariam
and the Family of Jesus Christ (No. 232)).
The Canons of the Council of Nicea have been
lost. It was later established that there were only
20, which commenced the introduction of
aberrations such as: domiciliary rules for the
clergy living with females, i.e. celibacy; the
persecution by the imposition of penance of
Unitarians (incorrectly called Arians) and those
who supported Licinius; the establishment of the
diocesan system and its controls on priests and
the prohibition of the clergy lending at interest;
and the introduction of standing prayers at
Sunday worship and during the "Pascal Season"
(which was in fact the introduction of Easter
instead of the Passover). The Creed reconstructed
from Constantinople itself, introduces the
concept of Binitarianism essential to the
formulation of the Trinity and introduces the
aberration that Christ was the "only begotten of
the Father" and hence removes the promise of the
elect as begotten sons of God. Athanasius says
(in Ad Afros) that there were 318 bishops
present. Arius was summoned to the Council
often, which began possibly on 20 May 325 CE
under the Athanasian Hosius of Cordova.
Constantine joined the Council on 14 June. To
get agreement Constantine marched in a cohort
of Roman troops and arrested a number of
bishops and exiled Arius, Theonas of Marmarica
and Secundus of Ptolemais to Illyrica. Arius'
writings were then burnt and all three were
anathematised. The remainder agreed on the
symbol of the Creed on 19 June. The Council
ended on 25 August with a 'party' hosted by
Constantine with presents to the bishops.
Three months after the Council, Eusebius of
Nicomedia and Theognius of Nicea, who were
forced to sign the Creed under duress, were
exiled for retracting and Theodotus of Laodicea,
who also signed under duress and retracted,
recanted rather than join them.
In 328 CE Constantine realised that the
Athanasians were not the majority sect and were
a source of division and persecution in the
Empire and he recalled the five Unitarian leaders.
(It is suggested this was at the urging of
Constantia, widow of Licinius. However, it is
more probable that she was merely a prominent
Unitarian of the Eusebian or Arian faction). The
problem with the Unitarian Christian system was
that it followed the Bible tenets and was not
concerned with the control of nations. Each
nation was separate and subject to its own leaders
and the religious system of that nation was
between them and God. As the nation obeyed
God so it was blessed. The empire was
concerned with world domination and the
converts to the church in Rome were also imbued
with this mentality. Thus they courted an
organisation that wanted world domination and
would tolerate no opposition to that model. As a
result, the Roman Church system adapted the
The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars
pagan system of the sun cults and among the
Aryans to Christianity, such that no Bible
believing person can follow both systems. That is
the core of the problem. That is why they have to
corrupt the Bible texts in key verses even to this
day and destroy educated opposition, such as in
the Holocaust.
Constantine was never baptised an Athanasian
Christian and in fact only became a Christian at
the end of his life, being baptised Unitarian by
Eusebius of Nicomedia, a relative of Julian, who
came to be held in high regard by him in 329 CE.
There was no such thing as Roman Catholic or
Roman Catholic Church in those days, as
everyone was catholic, meaning universal in
reference to the church. The Unitarians were the
oldest faction with the original doctrines of the
apostolic church and that fact should never be
forgotten. The Ante-Nicene Fathers (ANF) were
all Unitarian for centuries (cf. the paper Early
Theology of the Godhead (No. 127)). The
Binitarians were a new faction that had a new
and developed doctrine based on the pagan
theology of the Triune God, which came in from
the worship of Attis in Rome and Adonis among
the Greeks. Trinitarians and Trinitarianism did
not come into existence until 381. Constantine II
and Constantinius were also Unitarians termed
"Arian" or "Eusebian" by these later Trinitarians.
The groups were referred to by the Athanasians
as Arians and Eusebius denies this. It appears to
have been a ploy of the Athanasians to lay the
name of Arius on the faction he spoke for to
lessen the full power and importance of the sect,
which was older and greater than the
Athanasians.
If it is true that the sect believed that Christ
created the Holy Spirit then it is indeed
erroneous, but this is not evident from any of
their writings. It may have entered the Goths as
an error and at a later date, resulting in the
syncretic formulation by the Roman Catholic
faction of the Filioque clause at Toldeo among
the Visigoths.
Had the Athanasian/Arian dispute been properly
understood and correctly settled then,
Christianity would have taken a markedly
different course with a much more coherent
Page 3
philosophical structure. Human sciences and
paleo-anthropology would have been better
understood and probably more peaceably
advanced, avoiding both the Dark Ages and the
Inquisition. Let us examine the dispute.
The protagonists were Alexander and
Athanasius, bishops of Alexandria from 312-328
and 328-373 respectively for the Athanasians;
and Arius (256-336), Asterius the Sophist (d.
circa 341), and Eusebius of Nicomedia (d. circa
342), for the Arians or Eusebians.
Unfortunately, with the defeat of the Arians in
Spain the history has been written by
Athanasians, and a comprehensive, accurate and
unbiased reportage is virtually impossible.
However, Robert C. Gregg and Dennis E. Groh
have written a useful work entitled Early
Arianism: A View of Salvation (Fortress Press,
Philadelphia, 1981). From this work we can
establish some of the metaphysics, and it will
become obvious that both factions were wrong.
Reconstructions of the Thalia of Arius rely on the
writings of their opponents and hence have been
erroneously simplistic. The argument centres, as
the Athanasians saw it, around the following:
Salvation for orthodoxy is effected by the Son’s
essential identity with the Father: that which
links God and Christ to creation is the divine
nature’s assumption of flesh. Salvation for
Arianism is effected by the Son’s identity with
the creatures: that which links Christ and
creatures to God is conformity of will (Gregg &
Groh p.8).
The Athanasians, by accepting the biological
definition of son, developed an ontological link
between the Son and God, which enabled Christ
to be God’s proper Logos and Wisdom, and
which invested the Son with the divine
omniscience (ibid., Ep.9).
From the Council it is obvious that Unitarianism
was a very major force. They were really
converted only by the conquests of the Salien
Franks who systematically stifled debate. By
force they “converted”, through the self-interest
of their leaders, the Goths, Vandals, Heruli,
Burgundians and Lombards and groups loosely
Page 4
referred to as Teutons, on a progressive basis.
The British were converted under agreement at
Whitby in 664 CE by threat of force from the
Anglo-Saxons, after the conversion of the latter
in 597 (cf. Stephen Neill, Anglicanism, Pelican,
London, 1965).
The controversy was seen in simple terms by
these tribes as enunciated by one of the Arian
Kings, Gundobald the Burgundian, who refused
to worship three Gods (Encyc. Of Religion and
Ethics (ERE), Vol. 1, p.782). This essential
definition was the root of the issue, and the
Athanasian faction was so pressed by the laity’s
rejection that they were forced to modify notions
of the Godhead. Foakes-Jackson admitted the
error of his earlier notions (expressed in
Cambridge Theological Essays, p.500) of the
inferiority of the Arian Theology of the
Barbarians. He asserted later that the Arianism of
the Visigoths, Lombards, Vandals, etc. was no
more than a phase in the ecclesiastical struggle
between the Teutonic and the Roman
conceptions of Christianity (ibid., p.783). This is
a major factor not properly examined. The
origins of the Teutons in the Middle East,
especially from the fall of the Parthian Empire,
has not been correctly explored or explained by
historians, because of the Trinitarian bias of the
schools of higher learning.
What emerges in the examination of the
Athanasian-Arian Dispute is that the church now
comprised two factions who were bitterly
opposed, engaged in political intrigue and
persecuted each other. The Athanasians, being
centred in Rome, were by their enlistment of the
power of the Salien Franks politically and
militarily successful in the long run. Both sects
had in fact denied their faith in the lust for power.
The sequence of the struggle and the movement
of the tribes involved are important to an
understanding of the nature and attitudes of the
peoples involved.
Unitarianism, the Teutonic Tribes and
the Goths
Faced with the dilemma of being an official state
religion and continuing the exercise of civil and
military power, contrary to the instruction of
Christ, doctrine had to be promulgated and the
The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars
first comprehensive biblical analysis we have of
the use of military force occurred in the writings
of Augustine, a North African thinker, who was
baptised a Christian and was educated in Punic, a
variant of Hebrew, as well as Latin. From 373383 CE he was a Manichean and Platonist
philosopher, having a concubine who bore him a
son in 372 CE. He was rebaptised in 387 as an
Athanasian. Ambrose of Milan, with Theodosius,
had gained control of the Roman Church for the
Athanasian faction (381 CE) and his involvement
with Augustine was instrumental in the latter's
adoption of that creed, which at the time was, to
him, a prudent course.
The Athanasian/Arian disputes led to bitter
persecution by both the Athanasians and much
later the Arians. The Goths and Vandals were socalled “Arians” (the Gothic Bible dates from
351). The disputes were to arise even later when
the Empress Placidia sent the Goths, aided by the
Vandals, to oppose the revolt of Count Boniface
in Africa in 427. They were accompanied by
Maximinius, a Unitarian (termed Arian) Bishop.
Augustine had to publicly defend the Athanasian
sect in 428.
At about 330 CE Constantine granted the East
German sub-tribe of the Vandals (or Silingi)
lands in Pannonia on the right bank of the
Danube. In 166-181 they had lived in Silesia and
had fought Aurilian in 271, being contained at
the middle course of the Danube. The so-called
Germanic tribes included the Vandals, Alans,
Sarmations, Suevians and Alamanni in the East
and the Franks (or French), the Burgundians who
may in fact have not been Germans) and
Lombards or Longobards in the West. Parsons,
Remnant of Japeth (1767) quotes Procopius as
stating that the Alans were Goths as were the
Sauromatae and Melancleni and that the Vandals
have a commonality of origin with the
Ostrogoths (p.73).
The Lombards more closely resembled the
Anglo-Saxons in dress and manner than the
Germans and seem to be related to the Anglo–
Saxons as a sub-tribe. They occupied from
Austria to Central Italy and merged with the
Celtic tribes and the Ostrogoths, who also
occupied what is now Croatia and neighbouring
The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars
regions. The Burgundians (443 CE) were to
finally end as the Western Cantons of
Switzerland, settling on both sides of the Jura,
lake Geneva, in the Valais, and on the banks of
the Rhone and the Saone (Historians History
Vol. XVI pp. 534ff.). The larger part
incorporated into modern France and some in
Northern Italy. The first Burgundian Empire
ended in 534 CE prompted in large part by
family feuds and vices of its princes (ibid., p.
535). The Ostrogothic Empire ended about the
same time after the losses of five successive
kings in both war and lands. Thibert, King of the
Franks, took advantage of their weakness,
recovering Rhaetia in 536 CE and from then
controlled all of Rhaetia and Helvetia, the area
termed Switzerland (ibid.).
The Alemanni had settled Northern Switzerland,
Alsatia
and
Baden-Wurtemburg
and
superimposed themselves on the indigenous
Gallo-Celtic people, who had come from the
same area around the Black Sea up the Danube.
The Franks, who had subjected the Alemanni,
did likewise to the Cimbri, Gauls and Celts in
what is now Northern France. The Lombards had
succeeded the Ostrogoths to dominion in Italy,
but being small in number after establishing the
northern kingdom, whose capital was Pavia and
the southern Duchy of Benevento, were defeated
by the Franks in 774. The southern Duchy
maintained its independence for some two
centuries longer. (ibid., vol. IX p. 18). The
Saxons were separated from Scandinavia and
forced into German union by Charlemagne (768814) as were the Frisians. It is worth noting that
whilst Helvetia was a dominion of the Catholic
Franks, under Clotaire II and his son Dagobert
who succeeded him in 628, it was general for the
Bishops to live in wedlock like the clergy and the
laity who elected them and were afterwards
confirmed by the king (ibid., p. 535). Thus even
as late as this period monasticism and celibacy
was rejected by large areas of Christian Europe.
The Emperor Valens (364-378) was instrumental
in the conversion of the Vandals to Unitarian
(termed Arian) Christianity. Whilst accepting
Christianity they did not become pacified,
because the new edicts of Constantine had
enshrined the religion as a military power. The
Page 5
Goths had become Christian long before that,
seemingly from Christians within the tribe and
from runaways.
The Sabbath-keeping Unitarian Church was to
continue among the tribes and people of France,
Northern Italy and Europe generally for a series
of reasons. The first reason was that after the
Council of Nicea in 325 CE the Emperor
Constantine favoured the Athanasians, who
later became the Roman Catholic Church from
381 CE. He had ordered the conference of the
Desposyni, who came to Rome in 318 CE, to
converse with the bishop of Rome. These blood
relatives of Christ demanded the reintroduction
of the Law, which included the Sabbath and the
Holy-Day system of Feasts and New Moons of
the Bible. They wanted Jerusalem as the centre
of the tithe. The bishop, or pope, (all bishops of
major sees were called pope initially when the
term was introduced from the cults) then, with
Roman contrivance, ordered that they be
exterminated
and
this
campaign
of
extermination was undertaken against Christ’s
immediate family from 318 onwards (cf. the
paper The Virgin Mariam and the Family of
Jesus Christ (No. 232)).
The Unitarian faction however, with Eusebius
as its spokesman, was placed back in favour
two years or so after the Council of Nicea, ca.
327. The doctrine came to be referred to as
Arianism, but Arius was only a presbyter and
was not even at the Council of Nicea. However,
he was summoned often as its logician. The
doctrines attributed to so-called Arianism,
namely of the creation of the Holy Spirit by
Christ, are not substantiated from any writings
of Arius or of the faction (cf. the paper
Socinianism, Arianism and Unitarianism (No.
185)).
The emperor Constantine was baptised a
Unitarian by Eusebius on his death-bed. He had
reunited the empire under himself, as sole
emperor and moved the seat of the empire to
Constantinople in 331. He died in 337. His
three sons Constantine II, Constantius II and
Constans, disputed the succession and
Constantine II was killed in the battle of
Aquileia, fighting his brother Constans, in 340.
Page 6
The empire then split again into two halves,
with Constans as Western and Constantius as
Eastern Emperor from 340.
In 360 the Huns invaded Europe, invading the
area of what is now Russia in 376. In 361 Julian
the apostate tried to revive heathen doctrines or
so-called paganism in the Roman Empire but
failed.
The Huns were of the later Scythian Horde. They
ravaged Asia Minor after the death of
Theodosius in 395, at the same time as the
Visigoths under Alaric had risen in Moesia and
Thrace. Alaric became Governor of Eastern
Illyricum in 398 (see H.H., Vol. VII, p. 6). By the
9th century, the Huns had entered Europe by way
of the Danube whilst the Slavs pressed in on the
north (ibid., p. xvii). Some of these people
integrated with the Germanii Persians in Europe
as an aggregation of the greater Aryan race, and
together with the Goths, another 'Aryan' tribe
(perhaps derived from an amalgum including the
biblical Guti) contained most of the European
tribes of Mesopotamian derivation.
The Scythian horde was not one nation, but
rather contained elements of various tribes. The
composition of the Scythian nations is a separate
subject. Etzal (or Attila) consolidated these
warring nations at the beginning of the 5th
century and occupied the left bank of the Danube
and ultimately all Northern Europe. The Huns,
however, left Europe in the fifth century only to
re-settle in Eastern Europe at the beginning of the
ninth century, to be joined by other more eastern
tribes.
In 364 the Eastern half of the Roman Empire,
from the Danube to the Persian border, was
under the Emperor Valens, who was a
Unitarian. At this time the so-called Catholic or
Universal and Orthodox Church, was
predominantly Unitarian, except for the
paganised faction in Rome and the paganised
elements of the Hellenised system worshipping
Attis in the West and Adonis in the East under
the name of Jesus Christ (cf. the paper The
Origins of Christmas and Easter (No. 235)).
The western half from Caledonia to northwestern Africa was under Valentinian I. Valens
The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars
had allegedly been converting the northern
tribes to Unitarianism (so-called Arianism), but
in 378 he was defeated and killed by the
Visigoths at Adrianople in Thrace. He was
succeeded as emperor by the Spanish born
Theodosius, who was the first Athanasian or
Binitarian and later Trinitarian emperor to sit on
the throne being appointed by Gratian. He had
driven the Picts and Scots out of Britain in 370,
but by 383 the Roman legions began to
evacuate Britain. Under the emperor Magnus
Maximus the army crossed the channel and
conquered Gaul and Spain.
There was no Trinitarian emperor on the throne
until 381, when the Trinity was formulated at
Constantinople under protection of Theodosius.
They had all been Unitarians until 381 with the
exception of Julian the apostate.
This Unitarian creed is based on the theology
expressed in Psalm 45:6-7 and Hebrews 1:8-9.
The early apologists such as Irenaeus at Lyons
held it in the second century. This theology was
held by the Goths, Vandals, Alans, Suevi,
Heruli, Britons, Lombards, Germans and all the
northern tribes (see also the paper The PreExistence of Jesus Christ (No. 243) for the
creed of the Goths). It came from the teachings
of theologians and disciples of the apostles that
were already centuries old before the Council of
Nicea in 325 CE, where many of these bishops
were present. The heresy of Binitarianism was
commenced from this Council.
In 381 the Trinity was declared at
Constantinople from the theology of the
Cappadocians Basil, Gregory of Nyssa and
Gregory of Nazianzus. The destruction of the
faith by the Greeks and Romans had begun to
take effect. Trinitarians incorrectly and
dishonestly label the creed as Arianism, to give
the impression that their doctrine is older and
this doctrine originated with Arius in the fourth
century. The Trinitarians then alternately label
the subordinationist Unitarian doctrine after
Arius (Arianism) and then Eusebius of
Nicomedia (Eusebianism) and other bishops
much senior to Arius (who was not even present
at Nicea, only being summoned there for advice
on logic). Trinitarians accuse Arians of holding
The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars
that the Spirit was a creation of the son, when in
fact that is the doctrine of Filioque advanced
from the Council of Toledo, by the Catholics
themselves in the sixth century. Even the
Greeks rejected that view. People who label this
view as Arian, are either being deliberately
dishonest, or do not understand enough to know
what they are saying.
Theodosius the Great (392-395) reunited the
empire, but it was divided again by his
successors Honorius and Arcadius in 395.
In 382 Theodosius I had resettled the Visigoths
in the empire but they were still Unitarian.
Allegedly it was the emperors, especially
Valens, who converted the northern tribes to
Unitarianism and not to Trinitarianism. The
Goths, Vandals, Alans, Suevi, Heruli, were all
Unitarian as were the tribes of the Teutons and
there were a number of bishops from the
Unitarian tribes at Nicea. The German
Hermunduri remained Unitarian until the eighth
century.
The Hermunduri were also a tribe of the
Germans (later called Thuringians from 420 CE)
and occupied a large part of central Germany.
Unitarian Christianity was introduced to this tribe
by the Visigoths and Frisians. They were
overthrown by the Franks in 531 and converted
to Catholicism in 742 by Boniface, the AngloSaxon from the earlier efforts of the Catholic
Franks. Boniface was later killed by the Frisians
(754), on his third visit, probably as a heretic, as
they completely rejected Trinitarian theology at
his first (716) and second (719) attempts.
Interestingly, this tribe derived its name from an
ancient Chaldean or Babylonian tradition. They
were called the Hermunduri, meaning "the men
of Her or Er", which is a direct derivation of the
original Myth of Er from the worship of that
system. The practice of calling children Herman
is a mark of these people even today, as is the
practice of naming males Malcolm from
Milcolm, the Canaanite Fire God, still
widespread amongst the Celts. We would term
these people “men of Ur”. They are almost
certainly Assyro-Persian, with the inherited
Babylonian religious system, which fitted easily
Page 7
into the later syncretic religious system in Rome,
which came from the same source. The Germans,
far from being a sub-tribe of the Persians as
Herodotus records, appear to be the greatest
aggregation
of
the
Assyrian
and
Chaldean/Persian people. The Anglo-Saxons and
the tribes that came with them from the Middle
East appear to be the remnants of the great
Parthian Empire that were allies of Judah and lay
between the Persians and the Roman Empires,
until the second century of the current era. They
appear to be of Hebrew descent and have claimed
to be the Lost Ten Tribes of Israel that were
relocated there, north of the Araxes, in 722 by the
Assyrians. The so-called Magi of the NT text
probably came from these people.
Goths and Vandals: a bad press
Alaric became king of the Visigoths and in 396
he invaded Greece. In obedience to biblical law,
he destroyed pagan statues there and hence he is
held to have plundered Athens and then the
Balkans in 398. In 401 they invaded Italy
continuing until 403. In 406 Gunderic (406428) became king of the Vandals. In the same
year the Burgundian Kingdom of Worms was
founded. These Teutonic tribes were all
Unitarians. The Lombards appear to be a related
offshoot of the Anglo-Saxons and split from
them in the north in their move across Europe,
moving south to the north bank of the Danube
ca. 500. They expanded from there by warfare,
settling also in the area of northern Italy.
The Ostrogoths tried to invade, but were
stopped by Stilicho in 406. However, the
Visigoths under Alaric captured and sacked
Rome in 410, but he died on his way south and
was buried in the bed of the Busento River near
Cosenza. This action, however, forced the
remaining Roman legions to withdraw from
Britain to protect Italy in 410.
The Goths consisted of the Eastern or Ostrogoths
and the Western or Visigoths, and together were
part of the Guti (or Massagetae?) the Greater
Goths. The people of Guta or Guteans originally
occupied the area across the Tigris and north of
Akkadia. The grouping of the Guti and the
kindred tribes is unclear. The movements into
Europe will be discussed elsewhere. It appears
Page 8
however, that the later elements of the Goths
moved east of the Caspian and were replaced by
the Medes. The early Celts in the Danube appear
to be those referred to by the Greeks as
Hyperboreans, being the earliest Scythian
colonists of Europe "beyond the north wind".
The nomenclature of the Celts and the ancients of
the Hittites as Hatti or Kalti and the Greek
reference to the Celts as Keltoi are not
coincidental. This will be explained in the paper
dealing with the Celts and their history and
origins. Also the Danes and Swedes alike have
for centuries acknowledged that the Danes derive
from the Scandinavian Goths, being named from
Dan, the son of Humelus.
The Ostrogoths also occupied an area in what we
now term Yugoslavia after the death of Valens in
378 and later moved on Rome. In 395 the
Visigoths, who had been federated into the
Roman Empire, revolted under Alaric in Moesia
and Thrace and Alaric became governor of
Eastern Illyricum in 398 (see H.H, Vol. VII p. 6).
They were stopped by Stilicon the Vandal in
support of the Empire, but the Athanasian
faction, by this time under the Spanish born
Theodosius, who died in 395, had gained control
of Rome and the Church. On December 31, 406
CE the Vandals, Sarmatians, Alans, Suevians
and Alemanni, with the Huns at their back,
crossed the Rhine and the Vandals advanced with
the Suevians from Pannonia, by way of Gaul into
Spain, where they settled in 411 in Galicia and
Asturia. Spain was divided by lot and the
Suevian-Teutons won Galicia and a large part of
Leon and Castille. Baetica fell to the Vandals and
was renamed Vandalusia. The Western Alans,
who rejoined them in Spain, won Lusitania, but
were later destroyed and incorporated into the
Vandals and their name disappeared. The Suevi
fought the Vandals and both fought the Goths,
while the Arian Goths fought the Catholic
Francs/Romans and also the Burgundians. The
Unitarian tribes in Spain fought the Heruli (of the
Ostrogoths) and each other. The Suevi occupied
Galicia and part of Leon and Portugal after defeat
by the Goths. The Portuguese are thus Teutons
(called Germanic) of Vandal Alans in the South
and Suevi in the North superimposed on
Phoenician/Carthagineans
with
an
early
Unitarian and later Islamic tradition.
The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars
The Suevians are distinguished from the
Allemani because they ended up as two distinct
national groups. The Suevians were the original
core of the Allemani (also Alemanni). The tribe
had been originally Suevians until 210-211,
when they got together as “All-men” later to be
Allemanni. Gibbon (Vol 1, p. 104, col. 2) says:
“The hasty army of volunteers gradually coalesced
into a great and permanent nation, and as it was
composed from so many different tribes, assumed the
name of Alemanni, or All-men:..”
The western group then went into Spain and
settled in Portugal, where the Alans who were a
related group, went as well. Part of the Royal
House of Judah also settled there. This aspect is
noted in the genealogical tables of
http://www.ccg.org/_domain/AbrahamsLegacy.org/.
The addition of volunteer males added to the
tribe who went also into Switzerland and
formed the root of the Swiss people. This is
indeed reminiscent of the tribe of Benjamin that
was added to, and eventually formed a
composite union through the female lines.
The Vandals had occupied Spain, and Spain
was Unitarian. The Visigoths conquered the
Vandal kingdom in Spain in 416. Thus all the
areas of the north and west were Unitarian. Italy
was allegedly Trinitarian, but more often
subject to the Unitarians. In 418 the Franks
settled in parts of Gaul. In the same year
Theodoric I became king of the Visigoths. By
425 these so-called barbarians, who were
actually Unitarian, for the most part had settled
in the Roman provinces. The Vandals were in
southern Spain, the Huns were in Pannonia, the
Ostrogoths (and subsequently the Heruli) were
in Dalmatia and the Visigoths and Suevi were in
northern Portugal and Spain. The European
Huns remained there in Pannonia until ca. 470
when they withdrew from Europe.
As we have seen above, the Huns appear to
have moved into the steppes, becoming allies of
the Khazars, and remained there until they
occupied Pannonia again after 800, with the
now officially Jewish Khazar support. The
The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars
possibility can not be dismissed, that the
Sabbatarians in Transylvania actually came in
as part of the horde of the Huns from Khazaria
and Levedia and had been part of the Eastern
church established from the beginning by the
apostles through the Parthian empire (cf. Grun,
The Timetable of History, 3rd ed., Touchstone,
1991, p. 30) (cf. also the foreword by Cox to R.
Samuel Kohn, Sabbatarians in Transylvania,
[1894], CCG Publishing, 1998)
In 425 Valentinian III became Western Roman
Emperor under the guardianship of his mother
Galla Placidia. Gaiseric (428-477) became king
of the Vandals in that year.
In 429 the Picts and Scots were expelled from
southern England by the Angles, Saxons and
Jutes. In 457, at the battle of Crayford, the Jutes
under Hengest defeated the Britons and
occupied Kent where they remain. In the year
429 Aetius chief minister of Valentinian III
became virtual ruler of the Western Roman
Empire (429-454). In the same year Gaiseric
founded the Vandal kingdom of North Africa.
In 443 he took the last Roman possession in
North Africa and Africa was under Unitarian
domination again.
In 433 Attila (d. 453) became ruler of the Huns.
In 436 the last Roman troops left Britain. In the
same year the Huns destroyed the Burgundian
Kingdom of Worms. The Burgundians were
part of this major thrust into Europe that was
made by the Anglo-Saxons and Lombards and
the other tribes seemingly of the Parthian horde.
Page 9
biblical exercise of power in destruction of
heathen idols.
Theodoric the Great became king of the
Ostrogoths from 471-526.
The Eastern Roman Emperors, over that time,
were Theodosius II (d. 450), Marcian 450-457),
Leo I (457-474). In 457 Childeric I (457-481)
became king of the Salien Franks. In 460 the
Franks captured Cologne. The Vandals also
destroyed the Roman fleet of Cartagena in the
same year.
The conflicts throughout Europe were basically
over which tribe was to be entrenched in what
fertile sector of Europe. Whilst they were
Unitarians, they were also governed by
uncommitted avaricious men and that was their
undoing.
The last Western Roman emperors over that
period from 461 were Severus (461-465);
Athemius (to 467); Alybrius (to 473); Glycerius
(to 474); Julius Nepos (to 475); and Romulus
Augustulus (to 476). The Western Empire came
to an end with the weakness of its rulers. The
German Odoacer (433-493) captured and
executed Orestes at Placentia and then executed
his son Romulus Augustulus and was
proclaimed king of Italy.
Thus the Western Roman Empire was brought
to a close, with no established Catholic Church
and no clear policy over Europe.
Suppression of the Eastern Sects
In 443 the Alemanni Germans (German Swiss)
settled in Alsace.
In 453 Attila of the Huns died and Theodoric II
(453-466) became king of the Visigoths until he
was murdered by his brother Eric (466-484)
who succeeded him. This was followed by the
sack of Rome in 455 by the Vandals. The fact of
the matter was that the Vandals were
Unitarians. They destroyed the pagan idols
given so-called Christian names considering
them an abomination and breach of the second
commandment. The term Vandalism comes
from this act. The destruction was in fact the
In 474 Zeno became Eastern Roman Emperor
(474-491). The Trinitarian schools were more
extensively developed in the Eastern empire
from this time, with the Neo-Platonist model
being established by Proclus becoming head of
the Platonic academy in Athens in 476. The
Trinitarian system had been formalised with the
Council of Chalcedon in 451. The Egyptian
Coptic Divisions date from this time. In 483
Pope Simplicius was succeeded by Felix III (492). In 484 his excommunication of Patriarch
Acacius of Constantinople led to the first
schism of the Western and Eastern Trinitarian
churches (484-519).
Page 10
In 489 the Eastern Emperor Zeno destroyed the
Nestorian Christian school at Edessa and built
the church of St. Symeon Stylites around his
pillar. In 491 the Armenian church severed
connection with Byzantium and Rome and in
498 the Nestorians settled in Nisibis in Persia.
The church that settled from Jerusalem in
Armenia was not Trinitarian Diphysite and it
was Sabbath-keeping. It also was the repository,
at Edessa, of the Aramaic texts and the Peshitta
version of the Bible, until it was suppressed.
The Sabbath was spread as far away as China by
the early church from the east (cf. paper
General Distribution of the Sabbath-keeping
Churches (No. 122)).
The popes at this time, from the death of Felix
III, were Gelasius (492-496); and Anastasius II
(to 498) and Symmachus (to 514). Gelasius
introduced the Gelasian Missal, Book of
prayers, chants and instructions for the
celebration of the Mass. In 499 the synod of
Rome issued a decree on papal elections and in
500, incense was introduced into the Trinitarian
church services for the first time in any
Christian church.
Persecution
In 476 Gaiseric king of the Vandals sold eastern
Sicily to Theodoric king of the Visigoths. The
Unitarians under Hunneric king of the Vandals
began to take measures against the Catholics,
where they had been exemplary in their
tolerance until now, with the obvious exception
of idolatry. The Unitarian/Trinitarian disputes
now began to introduce persecution.
The Trinitarian or Catholic/Orthodox faction
had in the main been weak and the Unitarians
had sway. This was to change with the support
of the Salien Franks. In 481 Childeric I died and
was succeeded by his son Clovis (d. 511) who
became the founder of the Merovingian power.
In 484 Hunneric king of the Vandals was
succeeded by his nephew Gunthamund (d. 496).
In 486 Clovis defeated Syagrius the last Roman
governor of Gaul. Rome no longer had power in
Gaul.
The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars
Immediately prior to this, in Armenia, the revolt
of Vahan Mamikonian took place from 481-484
and this success secured religious and political
freedom for Armenia. This freedom also
appears instrumental in helping the Sabbathkeeping church become established with the
Paulicians in the Taurus Mountains. The
Paulicians were still to be found in the east in
the nineteenth century. This group was still
operational in the twentieth century. Their
descendants, numbering a million or more, were
exterminated in the area of Armenia after the
First World War. There were perhaps between a
million and two million Sabbatarians
exterminated after the outlawing of Bektashi
Islam after 1927. This process of extermination
continued up on through the Holocaust in
Europe and on to 1953 and the death of Stalin.
Consolidation of Europe
At this time also (487-493) the Unitarian
Ostrogoths began their conquest of Italy.
Theodoric defeated the German Odoacer on the
Isonzo River and again near Verona (489). In
493 Odoacer capitulated to the Ostrogoths and
was murdered by Theodoric who then founded
the Ostrogothic kingdom of Italy and married a
sister of Clovis. The Ostrogoths occupied Malta
from 494-534. In 500 Thrasamund married
Theodoric’s sister and was given western Sicily
as a dowry.
In the same year of 500 the German
Marcomanni in Bohemia invaded Bavaria and,
on their departure, the Czechs settled in
Bohemia
In 493 Clovis married the Burgundian princess
Clothilda, who converted him to Trinitarian
Christianity in 496. He defeated the Alemanni
near Strasbourg in 496 and was then baptised by
his friend Remigius, or Remy, bishop of
Rheims.
In 506 Alaric II established the Law code of Lex
Romana Visigothorum but in 507 he was
defeated and killed by Clovis in the Battle of
Campus Vogladensis (Vouillé, close to
Poitiers). Clovis then annexed the Visigothic
kingdom of Toulouse. The Visigothic kingdom
of Old Castille was to continue until 711. This
The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars
area of Toulouse was to remain a major area of
the Sabbatati or the Unitarian Sabbath-keeping
church right up through the Albigensian
Crusade and the Inquisition under the Counts of
Toulouse.
The Visigoths were also called Bonosonians
seemingly from Bonosus of Sardica who taught
(from the Bible texts and histories) that Joseph
and Mary had other children. This view appears
to be the constant view of history, of the entire
Sabbath-keeping church, based on the
comments in the NT and the names of Christ’s
four brothers included there and the mention of
his sisters, and also from the church histories
(Mat. 13:55; Mk. 6:3; cf. the paper The Virgin
Mariam and the Family of Jesus Christ (No.
232)). Being classified with Marcellus and
Photius we have the indication they were of the
same mind re the Sabbath and the Law (cf. the
paper General Distribution of the Sabbathkeeping Churches (No. 122), p. 2). The city of
Sabadell in northern Spain is also derived from
the Sabbatati or Sabbath-keepers.
The Visigoths were settled in Aquitaine from 418
as a force against the Vandals and Alans by the
British Constantinus who established his seat at
Arles. The British did not accept Catholicism
until after the Synod of Whitby in 664 CE at
Hilda's Abbey, where they met to discuss:
"the latest papal way of dating Easter as a symbol of
Christian Rome's general authority. It may seem that
the decision might have gone in favour of the Celtic
or Irish Church with its own Easter; but the defenders
of the outmoded Celtic date in the synod at Whitby
had little real hope of success. The king (Oswiu) who
presided over the synod was married to a queen
(King Edwin's daughter, Eanfled) who, having been
brought up in Kent, already observed the Catholic
Easter" (David L. Edwards, Christian England, vol I.
p.57).
Edwards claims that much of southern Ireland
had accepted the new date for Easter. They were
actually Quarto-decimans, keeping the Passover
and Unleavened Bread and this is examined in
the paper Origin of the Christian Church in
Britain (No. 266) (cf. also the paper The
Quartodeciman Disputes (No. 277)). Bishop
Colman returned to Iona after resigning over the
issue, although Chad and Cedd conformed as did
Page 11
Tuda the new Northumbrian bishop, himself a
Southern Irishman, and the English Eata, Abbot
of Lindisfarne, who had been trained by Aidan
(Edwards, ibid.). It is a misrepresentation to say
that this was merely a dispute over the date of
Easter. The dispute was based on the keeping of
the quarto-decimal Passover with its rotating
Passover, or to adopt the pagan festival of Easter,
named for Ishtar or Astarte, or Easter the
Chaldean Goddess. This festival had a Friday
Death and Sunday Resurrection theme and
incorporated the spring festival of the deities
Attis and Adonis, and another later one in the
form of Dumuzzi or Tammuz mentioned by
Ezekiel (at Ez. 8:14).
The changes included that of the Sabbath as well
as the feasts including that of Tabernacles. In
fact, it involved the eventual alteration of the
entire Celtic calendar and the casting aside of the
food laws. Edwards notes that they kept all these
early Christian customs. The Northern Irish clung
'obstinately' to the former dates, as did Iona until
716 (ibid., cf. the paper The Origins of
Christmas and Easter (No. 235); The Golden
Calf (No. 222) and The Role of the Fourth
Commandment in the Historical Sabbathkeeping Churches of God (No. 170)).
The method of setting the dates for 'Easter'
established by Victorius of Aquitane was in fact
only gradually adopted. Gaul only agreed to the
new system in 541, probably as a result of the
defeat of the Unitarians there, and Edwards
acknowledges that on page 38. It is indeed ironic
that the Celts have now become defenders of the
system they fought so hard to resist. In fact,
Ireland was given to England by the papacy in
the twelfth century, purely to exterminate the last
remnants of the Sabbatarian faith still being
observed there. This situation was largely
brought about by the conduct of the Irish kings of
the time and a desire on the part of Catholics to
stamp out the biblical faith in the north. A key
figure in this intrigue was the famous Malachy
bishop of Armagh (cf. the paper The Last Pope:
Examining Nostradamus and Malachy (No.
288) for his major prophecy).
There was agreement at Whitby only then
because of the Anglo-Saxon threat of war
Page 12
following from their conversion in 598 following
Augustine's arrival in 597 (see Neill, S.
Anglicanism, p.11). 10,000 Angles were
converted at the pagan Christmas festival in Kent
under their King Ethelbert. Britain was not fully
Catholic until 716 CE although in 786 the first
papal legates to arrive commented on the
survival of pagan practices (ibid., p. 45). A letter
from Alcuin to Etherhard, Archbishop of York,
pointed out that some of the people were carrying
magic amulets and 'taking to the hills, where they
worship, not with prayer but with drunkenness'
(from Edwards ibid.).
The Catholics established control of Central
Spain. All Spain was under Unitarian domination
from this time and the Visgothic kings of Toledo
remained firmly so-called Arian with Arianism
the State religion and the Bishop of Toledo
Primate of Spain. From Christian Unitarianism
and Islam, Spain became a repository for Sabbath
keeping Jews and Christians alike until the
Inquisition of the 13th century. (A curiosity of
the Arian system was that the calendar started 38
years before the currently accepted date and
continued until the 11th century). From 573 the
country became progressively reunified and what
was termed Arianism came under Roman control
and domination. In 586 the Visigoths by and
large became Catholic. By 590 Rome had forged
its empirical system.
Historians differ and indeed the eminent Catholic
Encyclopedia contradicts itself on the reasons for
the occupation of North Africa in 427-429, with
up to 80,000 troops under Genseric, but the
Empress Placidia may well have sent the
Visigoths and Vandals to Africa to oppose the
revolt of Count Boniface in 427 CE. They were
accompanied by Maximinius, a Unitarian
Bishop. Augustine had to publicly defend the
Athanasian sect in 428 CE. It is certain that the
Unitarian Goths and Vandals were at war with
the Athanasian (later Roman) Catholic faction in
Rome, except for the peace of 435-439, from 429
and they occupied Rome in 455. This was
ostensibly at the request of the Empress Eudoxia,
who asked Genseric to free her from her hated
marriage with the Emperor Petronius Maximus.
The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars
From this occupation and the Vandal's earlier
march through Gaul one of the greatest myths of
all time was perpetrated by the Athanasian or
Catholic faction. The Vandals were Unitarians
and hence iconoclastic and they despised the
icons and idols of the fully emerged system in
Rome and the syncretic adoption of the earlier
pagan rites and statues. These they destroyed
initially in Gaul in 409-411 and on arrival in
Spain, in Africa, and again in Rome. They were
branded as pagan barbarians and from this we
derive the word vandalism, but in fact they were
iconoclasts who despised the idolatry of the
syncretics. They would have destroyed Rome
because of what they perceived as idolatry, but
relented at the request of Leo on 2 June 455.
Dr. Peter Heylyn (History of the Sabbath,
London 1636, Part 2, para. 5, pp. 73-74) notes
that Milan was Sabbath-keeping from ancient
times following the eastern practices.
Meanwhile in 510 the Provence, the southeastern part of France, went to the Italian
Ostrogoths until 563. These facts explain why
the Sabbatati were all over southern France,
northern Spain, and northern Italy. Christianity
observed the Sabbath up until the fifth century
and at the time of Jerome (ca. 420) the
devoutest Christian did ordinary work on
Sunday (Dr. White, bishop of Ely, Treatise of
the Sabbath Day, p. 219; cf. Augustine of
Hippo, NPNF First Series, Vol. 1, pp. 353-354
and also General Distribution of the Sabbathkeeping Churches (No. 122), p. 2).
In 511 Clovis, king of the Franks, died and his
kingdom was divided among his four sons
Theodoric I (d. 534); Chlodomer (d. 524);
Childebert I (d. 558) and Chlothar (d. 561) and
they established courts at Soissons, Paris, Metz,
and Orleans respectively. At this time also the
convent at St Césaire at Arles was established.
Monasticism was also to play a part in the
Trinitarian expansions.
In 523 Thrasamund king of the Vandals died
and was succeeded by Hilderic (to 530). In 524
Sigismund was killed by Chlodomer, son of
Clovis I. The Ostrogoths erected the so-called
Arian Baptistery now known as the Baptistery
The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars
of S. Maria in Cosmedin, Ravenna in 525.
However, in 526 Theodoric the Great died and
was buried at Ravenna. His daughter
Amalaswintha became regent of Italy (to 534).
In 527 Justinian I became Byzantine Emperor
(to 565) and a series of reverses and fluctuations
were to occur for the Goths and Vandals and
hence the Unitarian church over the period up
until 590. It is the most important turn of
European history that the Franks became
Trinitarians, as this fact helped to establish the
Catholic Church in Europe. Without the Franks
they would have been nothing. We will see this
move now inexorably forward until the
declaration of the Holy Roman Empire from
590 CE and this empire was to last 1260 years
until it was disbanded in 1850.
Final Wars to the rise of Islam and the
Holy Roman Empire
In 529 Justinian closed the 1,000-year old
Greek school of philosophy at Athens. This
action was allegedly directed at Paganism but it
forced the syncretisation of the Neo-Platonists
and effectively forced the professors to go to
Persia and Syria where, from the next year
onwards under Chosroes I (531-579), Persia
reached new heights of learning. This was to
move the centre of learning to what was to
become the Islamic world, when it formed in
the next century in reaction to the Trinitarian
advances of Constantinople.
In 532 the Franks overthrew the kingdom of
Burgundy, which had covered areas of France,
Switzerland and Austria. Also the general
Belisarius saved Justinian’s throne by putting
down the Nika revolt in Constantinople. He was
recalled the previous year after he had been
dismissed for his defeat by the Persians.
Constantinople was then rebuilt. In 533
Belisarius overthrew the Vandal kingdom and
made North Africa a Byzantine Province. In 534
Toledo became the capital of the Unitarian
Visigothic kingdom in Spain (to 711). In 535
Belisarius occupied the Ostrogothic kingdom of
Italy and remained until 540. This action
allowed Provence to go from the Ostrogoths to
the kingdom of the Franks and Naples became
part of the Byzantine Empire.
Page 13
From 539 to 562 the Byzantine Empire was at
war with Persia. The war enabled Totila of the
Ostrogoths to end Byzantine rule in Italy in 540
and become king in 541 on the death of his
uncle Hildebad (to 552). In 546 Totila entered
Rome (leaving again in 547). In that year,
Adouin the Lombard founded the new Lombard
dynasty and extended his reign beyond the Save
River. In 550 Totila re-conquered Rome and the
Unitarians were back in power. In the same year
the westward migration of the Turkish Avars
began and the Slav tribes settled in
Mecklenburg.
The Poles settled in western Galicia, and the
Ukrainians settled in eastern Galicia. In the
same year also, the Welsh were converted to
Christianity by David and Sabbath-keeping
became entrenched in Wales, where it was not
to be fully expelled until the eleventh century.
Married clergy continued until the twelfth
century there. Columban, the Irish missionary in
France and Italy (550-615), also dates from this
year. Bells were used in churches in France for
the first time from this year also, marking the
syncretic Trinitarian influence through the
Franks.
In 543 the writings of Origen were condemned
by edict of Justinian. Even though Origen had
quasi-Gnostic tendencies, his writings and
Hexapla were also important. This act was part
of the consolidation of the anti-Sabbatarian
Trinitarian dogmas in the East. The Empress
Theodora died in 548.
In 551 the Ostrogoth navy was defeated by the
Byzantines. Totila king of the Ostrogoths was
killed the following year by the Byzantines
under the eunuch Narses (c. 478-c. 573) at the
battle of Taginae. In 553 Narses then annexed
Naples and Rome for Byzantine and he was
appointed Exarch of Italy, becoming the highest
military and civil authority. The throne of
archbishop Maximian was also established at
Ravenna in this year.
In 558 Clothar I son of Clovis reunited the
kingdom of the Franks which lasted until 561
when it was again divided under his sons
Page 14
The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars
Charibert, Guntram, Sigebert and Chilperic. In
563 the Sabbatarian Celtic Missionary
Columba, established himself on the Island of
Iona and began to convert the Picts.
results of this “progress” was that the monetary
system in Italy was replaced by barter in the
year 600 and small pox entered southern Europe
from India via Asia Minor.
In 565 Justinian I died and was succeeded by
his nephew Justin II (d. 578). The Lombards
then drove the Byzantines from northern Italy to
the south, but left them in Ravenna. Audoin was
succeeded by his son Alboin who, helped by the
Avars, destroyed the Gothic kingdom of the
Gepidae on the lower Vistula, and in 568
founded a Lombard kingdom in northern and
central Italy.
With the stabilisation of Europe, the
Trinitarians consolidated the ruling hierarchy of
Europe by the power of the Franks and the
Angles and their own avarice. In 600 Gregory
commenced the program for the peaceful
conversion of the Jews. He then introduced
picture books to replace the Bible for the
illiterate. The Gothic Bible dates from ca. 351.
The Bible was devalued, finally being
effectively removed from the general public by
Rome until after the dispersal of the Holy
Roman Empire in 1850. In 603 the Lombards
converted to Roman Catholicism. In 609 the
Roman Pantheon was consecrated as the church
of S. Maria Rotunda.
In 567 Leovigild king of the Visigoths (to 586)
drove the Byzantines from Western Spain and
conquered all Spain in 585. The Frankish
kingdom was also partitioned in to Austrasia
consisting of Lorraine, Belgium and the right
bank of the Rhine and Neustria (France) and
Burgundy.
In 570 Muhammad the founder of Islam was
born. In 572, war between Persia and the
Byzantines again broke out and was continued
under Chosroes II after his ascension in 590 to
628, and Islam was established by 632. By 632
the political divisions that will ultimately lead
to WWIII were established.
In 573 Clothar’s sons Chilperic and Sigebert
went to war.
In 590 Authari king of the Lombards was
succeeded by Agilulf (d. 615) and pope Pelagius
II was succeeded by pope Gregory I called the
Great. He declared the Holy Roman Empire. In
591 Columbanus (b. 543) arrived in Brittany
from Ireland. Gregory sent Augustine as
missionary to England in 597 who baptised
Ethelbert at Kent and commenced the Catholic
system in Britain.
By 600 the invasions of western Europe were
halted. In this same year the Khazars formed
their empire between the lower Volga and the
lower Don. The Czechs and Slovaks settled in
Bohemia and Moravia and the Yugoslavs in
Serbia. Europe had become more or less
stabilised. However, one of the immediate
With
the
Consolidation
of
Europe,
Trinitarianism then turned its eyes on Asia
Minor. The advances of Europe and Byzantium
saw the conditions emerge from the reaction
that was to come in the form of Islam.
Trinitarian Christianity penetrated the Russian
people at the end of the tenth century, from the
Greek Orthodox structure at Constantinople. It
may well be that this was entirely a political
decision, in view of the fact that the Khazars in
the south and through the Ukraine into Europe
were all Sabbath-keeping Unitarians, both Jew
and Christian. So also were the Bulgars who
came in at the same time as the Huns in the
tenth century. So also were the Paulicians
relocated in Thrace under Constantine
Capronymus in the eighth century and later by
John Tsimiskes in the tenth century (cf. paper
ibid. (No. 122). In fact, it may well be that all
the decision making of the European Christian
system has been based on political
considerations that have nothing to do with the
faith established by Jesus Christ and as revealed
in the Bible texts.
During the 1260 years from 590 to 1850 the
Roman Catholic Church has built its theology
on false premises, based on Greek Philosophy
and pagan systems of worship. Their adoption
The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars
of the pagan Calendar threw Trinitarianism into
conflict with every tribe and people that had, or
read, or studied the Bible and the Law of God.
As a result, in order to preserve its authority, it
introduced national and international systems of
persecution and repression, which were to result
in the extermination of millions of peaceful law
abiding citizens over the continent of Europe
and in Asia Minor (and later in the Americas).
Its incursions into the Middle East in the so-
Page 15
called Crusades saw it inflame the hatred of
Islam to the extent that it has now polarised
over half the world. The twentieth century has
seen this war advanced against a peaceful law
abiding citizenry of Europe, with the deliberate
mass extermination and genocide of the Jewish
and Sabbath-keeping Christian people of
Europe. This matter is further examined at The
Holocaust Revealed.
