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EZMP1640 Arterial and Veneous Circulation This 3D printed specimen integrates segmented angiographic data of both the cranial arterial and venous circulation into a single model. Circle of Willis; the paired vertebral arteries entering the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum and uniting to form the basilar artery. The basilar can be seen dividing into their terminal posterior cerebral arteries. The superior cerebellar arteries arise just proximal proxi to this termination. The internal carotid arteries (ICAs) can be traced from the point where they enter the petrous portion of the temporal bone via the carotid canal and travel medially and anteriorly to emerge on the superior margin of the foramen lacerum. lacerum. It is here that each ICA lies within the cavernous sinus (not shown). The S-shaped S shaped carotid siphon on both left and right sides are most beautifully demonstrated lateral to the sella turcica. The ICAs then pass medial to the anterior clinoid processes. s. We note that (as in up to 30% of individuals) there has been ossification of the ligamentous bridge between the middle clinoid processes and the anterior clinoid process to create a caroticoclinoid foramen. The ICAs then divide into anterior and middle cerebral arteries. The paired posterior communicating arteries are clearly visible connecting the posterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries. The completion of the Circle of Willis, made by the single anterior communicating artery between the anterior cerebrals arteries is difficult to discern as the anterior cerebral arteries lie so close together. Arterial Circulation; The model demonstrates the internal carotid and vertebral arteries entering the skull, branching into the intracranial arteries that supply the brain. This more expanded 3D print of the internal carotid and vertebral artery and their branches, inclusive of the Circle of Willis, displays the full branching pattern of the cerebral and cerebellar arteries. This includes the pericallosal arteries rteries (from the anterior cerebrals) with its named branches, the superior and inferior divisions of the middle cerebral (including sulcal, temporal, and parietal arteries), and the posterior cerebral artery branches. The ophthalmic artery can also be seen see as the first intracranial branch of the internal carotid artery entering the optic canal. Venous circulation; The dural venous sinus network has been segmented based on structures visible from the circulation of contrast medium in the late phase of filling. filling. As a result, while most of the sinuses are present, the lack of contrast in the anterior portions of the venous system means that some structures are not as clear in the model as may be expected – for example the cavernous sinus and inferior petrosal sinus. The extensive network of dural veins and venous lacunae are visible, which drain towards the midline in the superior sagittal sinus. Deep to this network of sinus veins are the great cerebral vein which drains with the inferior sagittal sinus into the the straight sinus which then converges with the superior sagittal at the confluence of sinuses. Several dural veins drain into the left and right transverse sinuses as they pass anteriorly towards the petrous portion of the temporal bone. The sigmoid sinuses sinuses can be seen in the posterior cranial fossa prior to exiting the skull at the jugular foramen and forming the internal jugular vein (visible on the inferior surface of the skull). Officiële Dealer voor Nederland & België: Geproduceerd door: