Download Zadnipryany I.V., Sataieva T.P. Morphological and functional

Zadnipryany I.V., Sataieva T.P.
Morphological and functional changes in perinatal hypoxia
and their possible correction
The problem of hypoxia for many years is very relevant and attracts the attention of
physiologists and clinicians in terms of the mechanisms of various pathological conditions.
Effects of antenatal hypoxia in the infants depend on the severity of exposure, individual
tolerance, and the age of fetus. In the literature, there is a large amount of data on the effect of
antenatal hypoxia during last trimester of pregnancy on the development of the newborn. There
is a reduction of oxygen supply to parts of the body below what is required for adequate
perfusion. However, there is no much data about the effect of hypoxia on the embryo stage
during the first cleavage, the formation of the blastula, gastrula, primary organ systems and the
subsequent development of the organism in the postnatal period. One possible way to diminish
the negative effects of hypoxia is to apply the peptide complexes. Asphyxia of the fetus and
newborn are accompanied by hemodynamic disorders. Revealed by light microscopy data
suggest that significant changes happen the heart muscle and in the blood vessels of all calibers.
For example, a study of the effect of antenatal hypoxia in sheep showed an increase in the
diameter of the capillaries and reducing the density and length of the right ventricle compared
with the left. In addition, antenatal hypoxia may delay the development of the myocardium.
Available descriptions of ischemic and hypoxic damage to the heart during antenatal hypoxia
indicate that particularly sensitive to oxygen deficiency are contractile cardiomyocytes of
subendocardial layer and papillary muscles. It is this the location of the cardiomyocytes related
to the peripheral regions of the conduction system of the heart. Progressive left ventricular
dilatation and inadequate hypertrophy of the surviving myocardium were confirmed by
echocardiography. Plaque rupture with subsequent exposure of the basement membrane results
in platelet aggregation, thrombus formation, fibrin accumulation, hemorrhage into the plaque,
and varying degrees of vasospasm. This can result in partial or complete occlusion of the vessel
and subsequent myocardial ischemia.
At present researchers think about application of a number of regulatory peptides and
their constellation to correct the consequences of shock states, including antenatal hypoxia.
Peptides are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds, the covalent
chemical bonds formed when the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group
of another. Peptides are distinguished from proteins on the basis of size, and as a benchmark can
be understood to contain approximately 50 amino acids or less. The shortest peptides are
dipeptides, consisting of 2 amino acids joined by a single peptide bond, followed by tripeptides,
tetrapeptides, etc. A polypeptide is a long, continuous, and unbranched peptide chain. Hence,
peptides fall under the broad chemical classes of biological oligomers and polymers, alongside
nucleic acids, oligo- and polysaccharides, etc. A new step in the treatment of stable angina
pectoris, myocardial infarction is a cytoprotective therapy aimed at optimizing metabolism in
cardiomyocytes damaged by ischemia. Cardioprotective effect is achieved due to sufficient
energy supply, which helps to maintain normal cardiac contractility. Research and application of
new drugs in cardiology practice that can enhance the effectiveness of treatment of patients with
myocardial infarction are highly relevant. Promising in this aspect is the Liposomal drug Lipin this drug is of natural origin, which is a freeze-dried egg phosphatidylcholine. The choice of the
drug due to the fact that lipin is related to structural antioxidants, and purposefully exercises their
protective effect on cell membranes due to its ability for its ability to be integrated into plasma
membranes. When analyzing the effect on the activity of Lipin MV-CK fraction under hypoxic
myocardial injury newborn rats, it should be noted the positive impact of the liposomal
preparation on its activity. At the end of treatment with the inclusion Lipin shows normalization
constant sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes, ie membrane-stabilizing effect of the drug. Thus, the
heart cells during therapy by Lipin acquired stability of cell permeability, stopped losing intracell
isoenzymes,
that
is
out
of
the
state
of
ischemia.
Morphology of the heart muscles after treatment showed recovery of cardiomyocyte membrane
structure, the disappearance of other morphological disorders of cell permeability. Lipin
improves myocardial metabolism, microcirculation, increases resistance to myocardial hypoxia
in cases of ischemic damage, determines the processes of repair and restoration of myocardial
functional activity.
Keywords: newborn, antenatal hypoxia, ischemia, cardiomyocytes, antihypoxants.