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The effects of climate change on New York City given extreme weather patterns Pricila Castillo and Almira Duka Introduction As the effects of global warming are slowly but surely affecting every country on the Earth, some of these effects have a high risk factor of causing complete destruction to the landmasses where dense populations are found including New York City. The concept of global warming, although debatable of what it actually is, is evident enough not to be ignored. Global occurrences such as the acceleration of the melting of the ice caps, the transgression and regression of the sea level and temperature increase are constantly being argued if whether or not humans are truly at fault for this climate change. Compared to past records, these statistics are not corresponding to what the planet has adapted to as “normal.” Some make the valid interpretation that in the Earth’s history, there have been times where Earth wasn’t homogeneous. With time and adaption, the Earth began to change and balanced its gas levels to a normal rate. This raises the question: Is the Earth going through another one of it’s phases or are we doing this to ourselves? Conclusions Methods As our project stemmed from research being conducted by Professor Alan Benimoff, we formulated our topic to focus specifically on the impression that is made by the effects of climate change and all of its factors, on the increased frequency of extreme weather. Although we wanted data to be as accurate and conceivable as possible, we studied data sets within the past five years: specifically the year 2008 until 2012. Through our first stages of research we found that large cities account for roughly half of the world’s CO2 emissions, meanwhile their locations often make them susceptible to becoming impacted by sea level rise. Due to this, we gathered data sets on daily New York City gas emissions, sea level variances, as well as daily temperature reports. Using the National Climatic Data Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, we received over 5,000 data points that we then entered into excel to be compared to each other. When examined against each other, each factor showed an overall correlation. When we placed the same data into MatLab and ran a Wilcoxon RankSum test, however, we established that our found correlations were not due to chance. Satellite image of Superstorm Sandy Results Abstract Within the past few years, New York City has experienced bizarre incidents of extreme weather. The argument remains, however, whether these extremes are directly related to climate change or simply isolated incidents. To come closer to understanding, use of the Wilcoxon Rank-sum test will distinguish statistical correlations between previous temperature, sea level, and carbon level data, which will then be compared to an increased frequency of extreme weather patterns. References Gornits, V., Couch, S., & Hartig, E. K. (2002). Impacts of sea level rise in the new york city metropolitan area. Global and Planetary Changes, 32, 61-88. Kamal-Chaoui, Lamia and Alexis Robert (eds.) (2009), “Competitive Cities and Climate Change”, OECD Regional Development Working Papers N° 2, 2009, OECD publishing, © OECD. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (n.d.). National climatic data center Acknowledgements: Professor Alan Benimoff, Austin Krauza