Download NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF WORLD HISTORY

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC
ATLAS OF WORLD HISTORY
CHAPTER 3: “ISOLATED REALMS – 500
TO 1400 A.D.”
1. Europe is often described as descending into this in the fifth century A.D. with
the final collapse of Rome. [96]___________
2. What new system of using letters to represent unknown numbers was
developed by Arab mathematicians of the Middle Ages – they called the
system al-jabr. [97]________________________
3—6. This empire, Greek speaking and based in Constantinople, became for a
time the center for Christianity in Europe. [100]___________________ Literally
“Church of the Holy Wisdom,” this was the most important building of the empire.
[100] ______________________ The branch of Christianity represented by the
empire, it placed a much greater emphasis upon the soul than upon the body.
[100]
_________________________
What was the main church at
Constantinople transformed into after the city fell to the Turks in 1453? [100]
_________________
7.
The Italian monastery founded by St. Benedict of Nursia in 529 A.D. [100]
________________________
8.
What board game was introduced into Persia from India about 530 A.D.
[102] _________________
9.
The Normans built this fortress in 1067 to impress the defeated English.
[105] ____________________________
10—11.
Born on the Arabian Peninsula in the late sixth century, he would
become the prophet of Islam. [106] ____________________ The messages he
received would be transcribed into this, the holy book of Islam.
[106-07]
_______________
12. What
is
the
literal
translation
of
“Islam?”
[107]
____________________________
13—15. The Muslim calendar dates from what year of our calendar? [107]
________ What was the Hegira, the event that marks the beginning of Islam and
its calendar? [107] ________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
What is the city of Yathrib known as today? [109] ___________________
16—19. What earlier four messengers of Allah do Muslims recognize? [109]
_______________; _________________; _______________; ______________
20. Often misinterpreted by those in the West, this term refers to the sacred duty
to
expand
Islam,
using
force
of
arms
when
necessary.
[109]
_______________
21. How many times a day are Muslims called to prayer? [109] ____________
22—23. This Jerusalem mosque was completed in 691 A.D. and is revered as
the spot from which Muhammad ascended on his night journey into heaven.
_____________________________ [109] Muslims, Jews, and Christians alike
also identify it as the site where which patriarch nearly sacrificed his own son as
an act of faith in God? [109] ___________________
24. This magnificent building in Agra, India was built as a memorial and tomb by
a Muslim emperor for his wife. [111] ___________________
25. A formal inventory and record of Jewish law, it was finalized circa 650 A.D.
[110] _______________________
26. This Chinese philosophy, with its emphasis upon mysticism and nature,
served as both a complement to and a rival of the ordered conservatism of
Confucianism. [112] _____________________
27. It was under the second Sui emperor, Yang Di, in the early seventh century,
that this waterway was completed – it connected the Yangtze Valley of the
south with the capitals of Changan and Luoyang in the north.
_________________________
[113]
28—29. Originally invented accidentally by a Chinese scientist who was trying to
discover a formula to ensure everlasting life, it would transform the history of
warfare.
[114]
___________________
Name one other invention of the
Chinese during the Tang era, often referred to as China’s golden age. [114]
______________
30. The era of the Song Dynasty (960-1279) was marked by maritime prosperity
and by a recentering of China southwards; its end came when this group
invaded in 1279. [116] ___________________
31—32. Jayavarman II helped to consolidate this empire around 800 A.D. in
today’s Cambodia – it would dominate southeast Asia between the seventh and
thirteenth centuries. [118] _________________ What was the most impressive
architectural legacy of that empire? [118-19] _____________________
33. What African kingdom flourished from the eighth to the eleventh centuries in
western
Africa
north
of
the
Niger
and
Senegal
rivers?
[120]
______________
34—36. Extending at its apogee from the Atlantic to the far-north bend of the
Niger River, it covered most of present-day Gambia, Senegal, Guinea, and Mali,
and was the most impressive of the sub-Saharan Muslim kingdoms.
_________
spread
[120]
Responsible for bringing Islam to the empire, this ruler’s fame
throughout
Islam
and
Christendom
alike.
[120]
______________________
What was the capital of the empire?
[120]
___________________
37—38. Between the thirteen and the fifteenth centuries, these nomadic warriors
carved out an empire larger than any that had preceded it in world history. [122]
_________________ Who was the first of the great leaders of that empire (he
was born Temujin but renamed this, literally “universal ruler,” in 1206, after
consolidating the nomadic tribes of the central Asian steppes)?
[122-23]
____________________
39—43.
What Mongol ruler completed the conquest of China in the late
thirteenth century? [126] ____________________ What was the city to which
he moved his capital? [126] _______________ What Venetian traveler spent
17 years at the Mongol court, beginning in 1271? [126] ___________________
Two
seaborne
invasions
of
this
nation
in
1274
and
1281
failed.
_______________ [127] Literally “divine wind,” it is the name that was given to
the storm that destroyed much of the second Mongol invasion force.
[126]
___________________
44—45. What late fourteenth—early—fifteenth century Mongol ruler claimed to
descend from Genghis Khan and conquered Persia, Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, and
parts of India and China? [127] ______________________ Where was the
base for his empire? [127] ____________________
46. What famed Arab scholar traveled all around Africa in 1352-53 and wrote an
account of his experiences? [126] ___________________
47—49. What two Germanic tribes pushed into Britain in the fourth and fifth
centuries?
[128]
_____________; _______________
According to legend,
what native British king fought against these invaders? [128] ______________
50—51. What two rivals to the British throne clashed in 1066 at the Battle of
Hastings? [129] ___________________; ____________________________
52. What tribe had become dominant in what is today southwestern Germany
and France by 500 A.D.? [130] ______________
53. The victory of Charles Martel in 732 A.D. at the Battle of Tours prevented
this invading force from pushing northward from Spain into France. [116]
_________________
54—55. Sometimes called the “Father of Europe,” this Frankish ruler expanded
his kingdom’s borders to include all of today’s Germany, France, northern Spain,
and most of Italy. [131] ______________________ The position to which he
was crowned by the Pope in 800 A.D. [131] ________________________
56. This system of numerals was not, in fact, invented by the Arabs but rather
introduced into the Arab world from India in the eighth century A.D. [131]
__________
57. This economic system, in which land was divided out in return for services
and payment of rent, began to appear in Europe in the eighth century – it
would come to define the social relations of the Middle Ages.
[132]
___________
58. What were lesser lords expected to serve as in times of war?
[132]
___________
59. The invention of a collar for these animals allowed them to replace oxen in
the fields. [133] _______________
60. What was another common name for the peasants of Medieval Europe?
[133] _______________
61—62. The Christian prayer “From the fury of the Northmen deliver us, O Lord!”
referred to what invaders?
[136]
_________________
The heaven of the
invaders, it was reserved for warriors who had died in battle.
[136]
___________________
63. What is the collective name given to the series of military expeditions that
were initiated in 1095 AD and had as their object the recapturing of
Palestine from Muslim control? [138] ___________________
64. This invention gave knights the ability to stay on his horse when his long
lance made contact and thus helped to transform the cavalry into an
effective fighting force in the Middle Ages. [138] ______________
65. What was the name given by the Muslims to all Christian crusaders? [141]
________________
66. In the Fourth Crusade, the crusaders turned against the eastern Christians
of what city rather than against the Muslims who controlled Jerusalem?
[141] _______________________
67. The Children’s Crusade of 1212, in which thousands of young people were
led towards disaster in an ill-fated attempt to recapture the Holy Land, may
have given rise to what legend? [140] ___________________________
68—71. This on-going series of battles between England and France actually
lasted for more than a century, from 1337 until 1453, though the fighting was at
times sporadic. [142]________________________ During the course of the
war, weaponry advanced from the French crossbow, to the English [142]
______________, which helped enable the English victory at Crecy in 1346, to
the use of [142] __________________ by war'’ end, which rendered both
knightly armor and town fortifications ineffective against assault. The French
heroine of the war, she led her forces to victory at Orleans before being burned
at the stake. [143] ______________________
72—76. What Mesoamerican people migrated from northern Mexico southward
to Lake Texcoco in the early fourteenth century? [144] ______________ What
became the capital of the new kingdom? [145] ____________________ These
were offered to the Aztec sun god as sacrifice in an effort to ensure renewal in
the natural world. [146] _________________ This Spaniard conquered the
empire in 1521. [147] _____________________ Who was the ruler of the
empire at the time? [147] _______________________