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American History Since 1865 Section 2: Anticipating and Beginning a New Century: The Expanding Role of Government at Home and Abroad Lesson 18: Populism and Expansionism, Symbols of a New Era Lesson Objectives Reading Assignment Notes Important Terms Written Assignment Lesson Objectives After completing the readings for this lesson, you should be able to: explain the evolution of Populism analyze America's involvement in overseas activities during this period. Reading Assignment The Enduring Vision: Chapter 20 Enduring Voices: Chapter 21 Some relevant Internet sites: Library of Congress Early Motion Pictures—Spanish American War Crucible of Empire: The Spanish-American War 1896: The Populist Party Notes Throughout the nineteenth century, the United States was an expansionist nation. In the period before and immediately following the Civil War, territorial growth primarily involved the North American continent. The future states of California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona were among the new group of territories acquired through the conquest of Mexico in the late 1840s (the 1853 Gadsen Purchase "rounded out" the territories acquired from the Mexicans). Treaties with European powers resulted in the acquisition of the remaining areas of the continental United States. The final stage of continental expansion focused on the expulsion of natives who occupied the newly acquired territories. Adding Mexican, European, and Native American land to the growing American nation involved some of the most famous figures in our history— Thomas Jefferson, Meriwether Lewis, Santa Anna, Sam Houston, Crazy Horse, George Custer, and Geronimo. By the end of the century, the nation's expansion evolved into new territorial directions and involved a new "cast of characters." The boundaries of the continental United States could no longer hold American expansionist impulses as the nation's political and economic power impacted nations in the Pacific, Asia, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. In short, the country, barely more than 100 years old, became a major global force. The new, and perhaps less generally recognized, group of notables involved in this phase of US growth included Queen Liliuokalani, Emilio Aquinaldo, and Leonard Wood. Earlier expansion across the continent laid the groundwork for later territorial and political incursions that would define domestic politics in the late 1800s. The widespread notion of "Manifest Destiny," a term normally used in reference to continental growth, also spurred overseas expansionism. Additionally, the settling and farming of those lands finally wrested from the Native Americans gave rise to populism. This movement would later evolve into Progressivism, and, ultimately, modern liberalism. As the nineteenth century came to a close, the United States became further removed from its pre-Civil War form and began to resemble the kind of nation that contemporary US citizens would easily recognize. The country's power was global and there was a national debate concerning the proper role of the federal government in the economic and social affairs of the American people. Important Terms Anti-Imperialist League Boxer uprising "Cross of Gold" speech Emilio Aquinaldo jingoist laissez-faire Liliuokalani Greenbacks "Informal Empire" Pendleton Act Populist party Platt Amendment Tom Watson Leonard Wood yellow journalism Written Assignment Answer one of the following essays with a four-page essay. Be sure you use all of your course materials—text, document sets, and audio tape. 1. While the Populist Party had a fairly meteoric rise and fall, the group did not come from nowhere nor did it leave a void behind. Analyze the evolution of this movement. What were some of the major factors that led to its rise? How successful was the party? Why did it ultimately dissolve? What was its legacy? 2. Despite the fact that the United States was clearly an expansionist nation in the late nineteenth century, there were those who supported as well as those who opposed America's growing involvement in overseas activities. Analyze the fundamental arguments that were made by both sides. Finally, using specific examples concerning US involvement in Hawaii and the Philippines, describe the arguments that you think both an anti-imperialist and a jingoist would make as they opposed and supported American activities on these Pacific islands. (In other words, you must argue both sides of the issue here.)
