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Saint Gabriel’s Foundation
The Learning Strands, Standards and Indicators
Subject: Geology
Code:
Level: Secondary 4-6
Semester:
Strand 6: Change Processes of the Earth
Sub-Stand: What is Earth Science?
Standard Sc6.1
Understanding of various processes on the Earth’s surface and inside the
Earth; relationship between various processes causing changes in climate,
topography and form of the Earth; investigative process for seeking
knowledge and scientific mind; and communication of acquired
knowledge that could be applied for useful purposes
Indicators:
Sc6.1.1. Identify earth science and its branches;
Sc6.1.2. State the role of scientist in explaining and predicting natural phenomenon;
Sc6.1.3. Write the different natural phenomena occurred from the past 10 years;
Sc6.1.4. Appreciate and value the role of geologist in science.
Sub-Strand: Earth’s Interior
Indicators:
Sc6.1.1. Identify and explain the different layers of the Earth;
Sc6.1.2. Differentiate each layer from the other layers in terms of location and
composition;
Sc6.1.3. Compare and contrast between inner core and outer core;
Sc6.1.4. Identify the 13 lithospheric plates;
Sc6.1.5. Explain the force inside the Earth that moves the plates;
Sc6.1.6. Draw and label the layers of the Earth;
Sc6.1.7. Show and demonstrate convection cell.
Sub-Strand: Plate Tectonics
Indicators:
Sc6.1.1. Identify and explain plate tectonics;
Sc6.1.2. State continental drift theory;
Sc6.1.3. Relate Thailand’s location in the 13 plates;
Sc6.1.4. Identify and Explain the movement of large masses of lands millions of years
ago;
Sc6.1.5. Draw and illustrate concept map of continental drift;
Sc6.1.6. Accepts differences in race and cultures;
Sc6.1.7. Identify and explain the evidences behind plate tectonics;
Sc6.1.8. Relate each evidences to current position of continents and geographical features
of the Earth;
Sc6.1.9. Investigate some evidence that can explain Thailand’s location, racial origin and
culture;
Sc6.1.10. Shows interest and participation in subject matter;
Sc.6.1.11. Identify and explain the 3 plate boundary interactions;
Sc6.1.12. Differentiate each of the boundary interactions in terms of location, movement,
and effect;
Sc6.1.13. Explain the force that drives these plates;
Sc6.1.14. Identify and relate the formation of mountains, volcanoes, ridges, rifts, etc. in
the different interactions;
Sc6.1.15. Draw and outline the boundary interactions.
Sub-Strand: Volcanoes
Indicators:
Sc6.1.1. Identify and explain volcano and volcanic eruption;
Sc6.1.2. Identify and explain the parts of volcano;
Sc6.1.3. Classify and explain the different types of volcano, lava and eruption;
Sc6.1.4. Explain how scientists predict a volcanic eruption;
Sc6.1.5. Explain that volcanic eruption will also form Earthquake and Tsunami;
Sc6.1.6. List down and rank the top 10 strongest volcano in the world;
Sc6.1.7. Construct a model of volcano;
Sc6.1.8. Show concern for the welfare of others in times of volcanic eruption.
Sub-Strand: Earthquake
Indicators:
Sc6.1.1. Identify the different types of stresses that cause different types of deformation;
Sc6.1.2. Identify the different types of folds and conditions under which they form;
Sc6.1.3. Define fractures and faults and explains how they are related to earthquakes;
Sc6.1.4. Explain how mountains form and identify the associated plate boundaries;
Sc6.1.5. Identify and explain Earthquakes;
Sc6.1.6. State and relate that Earthquakes is caused by plate boundary interactions;
Sc6.1.7. Differentiate between magnitude, focus and epicenter;
Sc6.1.8. Identify the tools used by geologist to detect and classify Earthquakes strength;
Sc6.1.9. Distinguish the different seismic waves;
Sc6.1.10. Identify and explain Tsunami;
Sc6.1.11. Describe how seismologist use the different types of seismic waves and their
different properties to learn about earthquakes and earth’s interior;
Sc6.1.12. Describe how to find the epicenter of an earthquake;
Sc6.1.13. Describe and explain the different scales used to measure the magnitude of an
earthquake;
Sc6.1.14. Familiarize with the destruction of earthquake and determine the ways on how
to become safe in times of earthquakes;
Sc6.1.15. Identify the different ways in which a structure can be made safe from
earthquakes;
Sc6.1.16. Identify the economic and societal effect of Earthquake;
Sc6.1.17. List down all strong Earthquakes around the world from 1990 to present;
Sc6.1.18. Shows awareness of the effects of earthquake.
Sub-Strand: Evidence of the Earth’s Past
Indicators:
Sc6.1.1. Identify and explain fossils;
Sc6.1.2. Distinguish between body fossils and trace fossils;
Sc6.1.3. Describe the types of fossilization;
Sc6.1.4. Explain the importance of index fossils;
Sc6.1.5. Identify and explain Steno’s Laws of superposition and original horizontality;
Sc6.1.6. Describe the oldest and youngest formations based on geological cross-section;
Sc6.1.7. Determine and identify the absolute age of objects;
Sc6.1.8. Differentiate between relative and absolute age of rocks;
Sc6.1.9. Describe the four methods of absolute dating;
Sc6.1.10. Explain radioactive dating and identify some radioactive materials that are used
to determine the age of object.
Sub-Strand: Minerals
Indicators:
Sc6.1.1. Identify and explain minerals;
Sc6.1.2. Differentiate mineral from rocks;
Sc6.1.3. Identify and explain the distinguishing properties of minerals (color, luster,
hardness, streak, density, cleavage and fracture);
Sc6.1.4. Show and classify minerals in class;
Sc6.1.5. Explain how minerals are identified;
Sc6.1.6. Explain how the hardness of a mineral is measured;
Sc6.1.7. Identify some additional properties used to identify some minerals;
Sc6.1.8. Describe how melted rocks produces minerals;
Sc6.1.9. Explain how minerals form from solutions;
Sc6.1.10. Appreciate the economic value of minerals in society.
Sub-Strand: Rocks
Indicators:
Sc6.1.1. Identify and explain rock and rock cycle;
Sc6.1.2. Differentiate the 3 major classifications of rocks;
Sc6.1.3. Identify magma, lava, weathering, cementation, compaction and erosion;
Sc6.1.4. Draw and label the parts of the rock cycle;
Sc6.1.5. Identify and explain the different sedimentary rocks;
Sc6.1.6. Give the uses of some sedimentary rocks;
Sc6.1.7. Compare and contrast the 3 types of sedimentary rocks (clastic, chemical and
biologic);
Sc6.1.8. Bring and classify sedimentary rocks in class;
Sc6.1.9. Sing the “Song of the Rock”;
Sc6.1.10. Identify and explain different igneous and metamorphic rocks;
Sc6.1.11. Differentiate between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks in terms of location
and size of crystals;
Sc6.1.12. Differentiate between foliated and non-foliated metamorphic rocks;
Sc6.1.13. Identify the uses of igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks;
Sc6.1.14. Bring and classify igneous and metamorphic rocks in class;
Sc6.1.15. Appreciate the role of rocks in building construction.
Basic Standard of Learning:
Semester
Semester ___
Sub-Strands
What is Earth Science?
Plate Tectonics
Volcanoes
Earthquakes
Evidence About Earth’s Past
Earth’s Minerals
Rocks
Standards
Sc 6.1
Sc 6.1
Sc 6.1
Sc 6.1
Sc 6.1
Sc 6.1
Sc 6.1
References:
My World of Science (Earth Science: Geology), Secondary 4-6
Ministry of Education, The Basic Education Core Curriculum (2008).Thailand
Noted by:
Approved by:
________________________________
__________________________________
Head, Academic Affairs
School Director