Download Chapter 3 Handouts

Chapter 3: Ecosystems continually change over time.
Day
OUTLINE
1
Activity: Ecological Succession Internet Activity
part 1 textbook
Assignment: Change in ecosystems wksht
Do p. 121 #1, 3, 5, 7
2
6
7
3.2 Notes
Assign Environmental Issues Activity (get into groups)
Assignment: Sustainability wksht
Dop. 137#2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 13
Study for 3.1/3.2_Quiz
QUIZ 3.1/3,2 Ecological Change
3.3 Notes
Assignment:_Read Bull Frog_Article
Video Clip: Invasive Species
Discuss Bull Frog Article
Assignment: Ch.3 Review Q’s. p.148-149# 5, 11,15,16,21,25
3.1, 3.2,_3.3_Assessment_wkshts
Multiple Choice Review (100 Q’s)
Activity: Environmental Issues Class Discussion
Unit 1 Review p.155-161 #2-7,18, 19,26,27,32,34,40,44,46-58
Biology Fieldtrip
8
UNIT 1 EXAM (CH. 1-3)
3
4
5
KEY TERMS
3. Ecological
succession
4. Primary
succession
5. Secondary
succession
6. Introduced species
7. Invasive species
Chapter 3: Ecosystems Continually Change Overtime Keyterms
Key Term
1. Ecological Succession
2. Primary Succession
3. Secondary Succession
4. Adaptive Radiation
5. Natural Selection
6. Introduced Species
7. Invasive Species
Definition
Example/Graphic
V
3.1 How Changes Occur Naturally in Ecosystems
•
-
reproduce and pass along their
•
—
Student Notes
process where individuals with advantages are better able to
traits.
A salmon with a smaller tail may never have a chance to spawn because it can’t
correct location.
swim to the
Ex: The Finches of the Galapagos Islands (off the coast of Ecuador)
There
-
All the species
are 13
on the
are descended from
island...
species on the mainland.
Each species has
that allow them to thrive in
their own niche, and not compete with other finches for resources.
a
different species appear from one original species.
•
-
fonn of natural selection when many
Ecological Succession
Primary Succession
Secondary Succession
1. Steps of Primary Succession:
a. Starts with bare rock.
b. Wind carries spores of_________________ that can survive on bare rock.
breaks down rock —* soil begins to form
c.
e.
make/improve soil
f.
Other plants can grow
g.
Animals appear
h.
Form a
(stable and change slowly)
are the first organisms to survive and reproduce.
-
Exs: Lichens and mosses
2. Secondary Succession:
When an area already has soil, but has had a
like a forest fire or
clearcut.
Happens
than primary because there are already seeds,
insects, worms etc. in the soil.
-
Disturbances that Might Cause Secondary Succession:
.
—
—
—
Leads to soil erosion, spread of pollutants and harmful bacteria associated with sewage
Climate change and global warming may be increasing incidents of flooding.
A tsunami occurs when huge waves, from large earthquakes, flood coastal areas.
.
-
-
Most insects are helpful, but when normal conditions change, infestations can occur.
Ex: Mountain Pine Beetle:
Usually it is not a problem.. .it helps remove old trees, but in our forests there are a lot of old
trees, the climate is warming, and the bugs are not dying in the winter.
Pine beetle has blue stain fungus in its mouthparts, which it transmits to the trees (symbiotic
relationship).
Fungus slows down resin production on trees so the beetle can eat the tree more easily.
-
-
-
Cloze
Use with textbook pages 108—117.
Change in ecosystems
Vocabulary
adaptive radiation
natural selection
pioneer species
primary succession
secondary succession
tsunami
climax community
drought
ecological succession
flooding
insect infestations
Use terms in the vocabulary box to fill in the blanks. Use each term only once.
1. In the process of
biotic components
,
living organisms change as
the abiotic and
in their environment change.
describes the change from a common ancestor into a number
2.
of different species that “radiate out” to inhabit different niches.
3. Scientists use the term
to refer to changes that take place
over time in the types of organisms that live in an area.
occurs in an area where no soil exists, such as on bare rock.
4.
5. The lichens and others plants that are the first organisms to survive and reproduce in
an area are known as
6. The process of primary succession leads to the development of a mature community,
which is sometimes called a
7.
occurs as the result of a disturbance to an area that already
has soil and was once the home of living organisms.
can result in soil erosion and soil pollution
8.
if toxic chemicals
are present in floodwaters.
is a huge, rapidly moving ocean wave.
9.
10.
can result
11.
,
such as
in crop failures and livestock deaths.
the mountain pine beetle in the forests of British
Columbia, have a devastating effect on the forest canopy, and bird and mammal
habitats.
40
MHR
•
Section 3.1
How Changes Occur NaturaIy in Ecosystems
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION INTERNET ACTIVITY
Name_____________
Start the activity by clicking the “Ecological Succession Activity” button on Mr. P’s homepage or go to:
(.
http://www.mrphome.net/mrp/succession.swf
Procedure: SUCCESSION
1. Using the first tab labeled “Succession”, define what succession is below:
Procedure: PRIMARY SUCCESSION
1. Now choose the tab labeled “Primary Succession”
2. Using the “Temperature and Rainfall” slider control, select “LOW” temperature and then watch the
animation.
3. What creates the island at the very beginning (re-run the animation if necessary)?
4. What happens with TOP SOIL and NUTRIENTS as time passes?
5. IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION, describe the sequence of ecological changes that take place on island:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. How much TIME does this PRIMARY SUCCESSION take when temperature and rainfall are LOW?
7. Fill in the blanks: After succession,
leaving
some
account for most of the vegetation on the island,
and other plant life near the shore
8. Now set the “Temperature and Rainfall” slider to MEDIUM and then watch the animation.
9. How much TIME does this PRIMARY SUCCESSION take when temperature and rainfall are MEDIUM?
10. Now set the “Temperature and Rainfall” slider to HIGH and then watch the animation.
11. How much TIME does this PRIMARY SUCCESSION take when temperature and rainfall are HIGH?
12. The volcanic island is solId rock. Where does “brown soil” come from? Hint: think HUMUS
Procedure: SECONDARY SUCCESSION
1. Choose the tab labeled “Secondary Succession”
Click the arrow to start the fire in the forest! this will trigger SECONDARY succession.
3. How are the TOP SOIL and NUTRIENTS changing during this secondary succession?
What explanation can you give for why there is a difference from primary succession?
4. iN ORDER OF SUCCESSION, describe the sequence of ecological changes that take place after the fire:
1.
2,
3.
4.
5.
5. Explain how PRIMARY and SECONDARY succession compare when it comes to the amount of TIME it
takes and the development of TOP SOIL and NUTRIENTS in the ecosystem? Give reasons why they are
‘lifferent
6. Now choose the “Quiz” tab and take the first quiz on Primary Succession
—
(only 2 errors allowed).
7. After Primary Succession is complete, how are the organisms ARRANGED on the island? In other words,
where would you fmd them as you came ashore from the water and climbed to the peak of the island?
Ocean
8. Now take the second quiz on Secondary Succession and RECORD the correct results below.
Peak
3.2 How Humans Influence Ecosystems
—
Student Notes
has caused many BC wetlands to disappear.
‘In the past 100 years up to 70% of the wetlands in the lower Fraser Valley have been lost.
are special ecosystems that contain completely waterlogged soil for long
periods of time.
of Ecosystems
Definition #1: “The ability for an ecosystem to maintain ecological processes”.
‘ie.
Definition #2: “People using an ecosystem to meet their needs today without reducing the
function or health of the ecosystem in the future”
‘Sustainable practices maintain, or even improve, healthy ecosystems.
The Effects of Land and Resource Use
All of the land around us, even in cities, was once a part of an
‘We use the land for things like
and_______________
to the ways we obtain and use naturally occurring materials.
Most products you use every day involve the use of some natural resources in their
production.
Habitat Loss
Humans have impacted natural ecosystems over the past 150 years.
because of human expansion, habitats have been lost or fragmented.
the splitting of large habitats into many
smaller ones, resulting in disrupted natural activities for plants and animals.
The Effects of Deforestation
is the clearing or logging of forests for
some land is never
human use.
or
agricultural crops that are planted are often one species =
This
biodiversity, and leaves the crop vulnerable to
or
of many plant species, are more economically and
biologically diverse.
Deforestation is still occurring in many tropical rainforests.
Deforestation results in
erode topsoil and leave bare land behind.
(when moving wind
and water
‘Topsoil, the upper layer of soil, is where most of the
and
are found for plant growth.
The Effects of Agriculture
tii
fields
erosion.
left without crops,
-
and
can cause
Tn wet areas the soil
can become compacted.
Soil particles are squeezed together and become compacted.
This is due to farm animals or vehicles.
There is no room for
or
to enter the soil.
Because of______________________________ water runs off the soil
instead of soaking in.
Causes
and________________
which involves removing small plugs of soil, loosens
soils
and can reduce nm-off.
Resource Exploitation:
Humans
=
depend on resource exploitation for
and
can lead to
habitat loss, soil degradation
and contamination of
water supplies.
Many mining
and resource
exploitations require
attempts to reduce environmental impacts of exploitation,
tries to restore the original (or at least functional) habitats.
and
Overexploitation:
Can
result
in
MExample: passenger pigeon
Food webs
can be
greatly affected for long periods of time
Overexploited species could be a keystone species (_________________________________
Traditional Ecological Knowledge:
In Aboriginal cultures
This knowledge
it is
passed down from generation to generation.
reveals
and also how the
and
Knowledge
is
found
interact.
in
and
Current ecological restoration
and usage
guidelines often involve this
from Aboriginal representatives.
Traditions such as the “Spring bum” allow for ecological renewal.
Fire suppression, enforced in
mountain
BC
for over 100 years, has led to recent issues like the
pine beetle infestation and huge wildfire
losses.
-
An Environmental Issue
GOAL: Identify and investigate a concern or issue involving an ecosystem.
TOPIC #1: Because your community is growing, the local council is proposing to convert a grassy area
used for playing soccer into a paved parking lot to provide more parking for the shopping mall across the
road.
TOPIC #2: Your community is on the shore of a lake that is famous for its variety of fish. The community
council, in order to promote tourism, proposes to increase the number of fish that can be removed from
the lake.
TOPIC #3: Because of forest resources that are readily available, a new company comes into your
community and proposes to build a large pulp and paper mill on the large river that runs through your
town. The company will employ at least 100 people.
TOPIC #4: To increase the amount of electricity available for the province, the provincial government
proposes to build a large hydroelectric dam near your town. The dam will flood some of the local land
areas currently used for farming and recreation.
TOPIC #5: A development company proposes to build a new housing development of more than 1000
homes in your community. The company intends to buy at least 1000 hectares of prime agricultural
land for the development.
WHAT TO DO:
1.
Split your group in half, each with the same number of students if possible.
2.
One group will investigate the negative aspects of the proposal, looking at the effects it might
have on the community and the environment. Suppose you were asked, as a representative of
all of the living organisms residing in your area, to make a presentation to the council to stop the
development. What arguments would you use to convince our town council to NOT grant
approval?
3. The other group will investigate the same proposal, looking at the positive effects that it might
have on the community and the environment. Suppose you were asked to make a presentation
to the town council in favour of the mall. What arguments would you use to convince the
council to grant permission for the development?
4.
Your two groups will then be asked to present their findings to the town council where council
members will vote on whether the proposal is approved or not.
Name
Date
Comprehension
1
Use with textbook pages 125-134.
Sustainability
1. What is sustainability?
2. What is the difference between the terms habitat loss and habitat fragmentation?
3. What is deforestation? What are the consequences of deforestation?
4. What are the advantages of aeration, or breaking up compacted soil?
5-. List four examples of contamination-that can-occur due to mining.
6. Explain the effects on an ecosystem when resources are overexploited.
7. Define the term traditional ecological knowledge. Summarize the various factors
taken into consideration when traditional ecological knowledge is used to examine an
ecosystem.
46
MHR
•
Section 3.2
How Humans Influence Ecosystems
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
3.3 How Introduced Species Affect Ecosystems
•
—
Student Notes
naturally live in an area.
•
(aka foreign species, non-native species, exotic
species or alien species).
—
they have been
(& on purpose) here over the
past 400 years due to immigration.
—
Many of these species are harmless, even beneficial.
Ex. The sea lamprey arrived in the Great Lakes via the canals
and St.
Lawrence Seaway
over 50 years ago, making its way around Niagara Falls that at one time protected the
Great Lakes from many east coast species. They do millions of dollars of damage to
Great Lakes fisheries each year
•
are introduced species that often take advantage
of their new habitat.
•
They may have no predators, are aggressive competitors, & reproduce
fast.
Ex. Purple Loosestrife, negatively impacts
often reduces
and
as a result.
The Impact of Introduced Species:
one species takes
•
away resources from another
Exs:
-
50 breeding pairs of the European Starling were brought to
BC in the late 1800’s. It now
out-competes western bluebirds for nesting habitat.
-
The American Bullfrog was brought to
has since
taken over the habitats
BC in the
1930’s by restaurants for their legs. It
of native frogs.
the
it may have
isa
a huge advantage, as
the native
species may have
no methods to survive.
Exs.
The Norway rat escaped from early European explorer and fur-trading ships.
Charlotte Islands, they have caused a decline in ground-nesting
murrelets and puffins, by eating their eggs and young.
sea
birds,
On Queen
such as ancient
Nile virus was recently introduced to the United States in 1999, when it started
causing deaths in birds and illness in humans in New York City. It is a vector borne
disease, carried by the mosquito.
West
•
certain species, a niicroorganism
ecosystem and the niches within it.
by weakening
invading an ecosystem
can drastically alter the
entire
some
•
the physical structure of the
blocking
sunlight
can change
by digging, burrowing,
or changing the chemistry of the ecosystem.
Ex. Eurasian Milfoil was first identified in Okanagan Lake in 1970.
dense mats at
lake
It forms wide,
surfaces, cutting off sunlight to organisms below and interfering
with recreational activities.
It
can grow from plant fragments,
which are
often spread
by boats.
Saving an Ecosystem Under Siege
•
It often takes human intervention to save established ecosystems.
-The
(GOERT) is trying to save several areas of the Garry Oak
ecosystem in BC because Garry Oak trees are a keystone species and they may be better
suited to survive in the future than Douglas fir forests.
and other plant species
are its biggest threats.
TIIEPROVINCE.COM i
SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER21, 2008
NEWS I Al
invaders ire emong ur
Invasive species
threat to biodi\
and the pro1
BYC
a the cover of darkru
Orchard stealthily rows
through the calm w
Nanaimo’s Green Lake,
the perimeter twice tc
of the invasive army’s
then uses a pair of hedge
clear the thick vegetation, g
or and closer.
Finally, he moves in agaitu
dred of creatures in the sha
of the lake, their beady e
ible in the glare of the s
with an electro-shocker devicei
Orchard and his assistant stu
150 of the adult bullfrogs, thett sc
them into nets.
In the war against one of the
invasive species to attack B
flora and farma, Orchard,
based 8’ ian bio1oist, ista
edisax
I
avorac
,‘ancouver ls.d
prea..,
and has spread like a
lakes for
locust plague” in Green Lake, which is
in the early stages of colonization.
Bullfrogs are in the Lower Mainland,
including Langley, White Rock and
Burnaby, and recently have gained a
beaclthead in Burns Bog in Delta.
in the last three years, Orchard has
captured more than 8,000 frogs and
countless tadpoles. His company Bull
frog Control Inc. has received grants
from CRD Water and Parks and some
municipalities.
His tactical plan is sixnple Wade into
the problem. figure out the limits of the
distribution, start at the periphery and
kill them faster than they can repro
duce and re-invade.”
The location is mapped Out: at the
narrowest point of the Seanich Penin
sula, before they begin invading the Vic
toriawatershed.
The bullfrogs native to southeastern
Canada and the Mississippi drainage,
is believed to have been brought to B.C.
in the l930s by a wannabe frog farmer
who mistakenly predicted frog legs
would be the next big culinary hit
Because they have no natural preda
tors in B.C., the bullfrog’s insatiable
appetite for native species like sala
manders, treefrogs, garter snakes, voles,
and crayfish largely goes unchecked.
“Here you got a naive fauna that’s total-
detected. Some, like the Eastern Grey
Squirrel, have been around for so long
they’re almost part of our landscape.
Others, likes the Emerald Ash Borer and
zebra mussels, have only been found
in Eastern Canada but could head west
ward.
Many of the alien species, such as the
giant hogweed or European starling,
were imported into North America by
early settlers who wanted to make the
New World feel more like home.
But today, these foreign invaders are
making themselves too much at hotae.
reproducing quickly and colonizing
rapidly and driving out the locals.
According to the World Conser
vation Union, invasive species are aseti
ous threat to biodiversity second only
• to habitat loss, in B.C. it is estimated a
quarter of endangered species are hurt
by invaslves.
“Endangered species have ‘ted eco
logical tolerance,” said Trudy Chatwin,
V
an endangered species biologist with
the Ministry of Environment.
“They have to eat specialty plants, for
example, while invasive species are able
to just eat everything in sight.”
Because invasive species often have
few or no natural predators, they mul
tiply unfettered managing to outwit,
our-eat and out-compete wimpier
naiive versions, wreaklng havoc or’ the
native ecosystem with potentiaY’
astating costs.
In Canada, the estimated lost re,,ue
caused by just 16 invasive species tal
lies up to between $13 billion to $35 bil
lion annually
The foreign Invaders can cripple agri
cultural and forest industries, Beetle
infestations inexorably lead to deci
mated forests and can prompt export
bans, while invasive plants can take
over hundreds of thousands of hecrares
of grassland, rendering them useless or
toxic to cattle.
In B.C. knapweed is found to reduce
crop yields by 10 to 15 per cent annu
ally. In one study a knapweed Invasion
was responsible for an 88 per cent
fi for a bullfrog
reduction In grassland production in
well
the southern Interior,
the
Even deadlier, invasive specibs threat
to
Bi
ered
en human health, as theycan be linked
de_
to the spread of diseases like the West
“diaboli
legged I
Nile virus and avlan influenza.
cal” creatures also eat their
Things will likely get worse, warned
young— their cannibalism
sustaining them even after Chatwin.
“The invasives are going to increase
J they’ve gobbled up the food
with climate change as the climate
P chain in a pond or lake.
Bullfrogs aren’t the only wanns.
The risks of alien species invading B.C.
aggressive alien species to invade B.C.
and Canada are greater than ever
AccordIng to the federal Invasive Alien
before, added Chatwin, thanks to glob
Species Parmership Program, invasive
alization thai creates “corridors of dis
alien species in Canada already include
via ease of transport, urbaniza
persal”
freshwater
fish,
24
birds,
181 insects. 55
tion and increased development.
26 mammals, two reptiles, four amphib
ians, and several mollusks and fungi.
Contlnesd on Page AB
There are likely more that haven’t been
rivasves
—
The American
bullfrog has
plagued Vancouver
Island for decades
and is spreading
throughout the
Lower Mainland
radiation
_.athptioe
nity that continues to
change mar time
A. a mature commu
—
02005 McGraw-KS Ryaraca Imled
0_adaptive radiation
B. inifliarY succession
C. janlural selection
A. ecological succession
living things is
Section 3.1
6. Tite process that makes change possible in
Circle the letter of the best answer.
I
climax
communty
B. the development
of a number at new
3._____ ecological
species tram a com
sticceesion
mon ancestor
4._ natural seleclk.an
5.___ pioneer species C. organisms, such as
lichens and other
plants, that are the tide
to sursiva and repro
dune in era area
D, changes that take
place over time in the
types of organisms that
live in an area
E. the process In which.
over lime, the best
adapted members ole
species will survive and
reproduce
1.
Match each Term on the left with the best
Despriptor on the right. Each Descriptor may be
used only once.
SUCCCSS1Ofl
4
How Changes Occur Naturally in Ecosystems • MISt
0. coniferous trees
C. deciduous trees
8. lichen
A. moss
43
9. An example of a pioneer species would he
0. natural succession
C. ecological succession
B. cli tucK community
A. adaptive radiation
eyears
8. The diagram above represents which of the
following:
ma•
0. z(laptwe radiation
C. hiorentedrntton
8. secondary
A. primary stwcession
_
Section 3,2
A. the ability of an eco
system to sustain eco
logical processes and
maintain bimliversttf
overtime
B. the dearingor tog91119 at farests without
reptaritincj
C. ecological intormaton
passed dawn Item
generation to gen
erailan, which reflects
human experience with
nature
0. ste dying out ol a
species
E. the squeezing together
of soIl perIcles so that
the alt spaces betseen
them are reduced
F. damage to soil
C. the deetrection at
habitats that usually
results horn human
aetMiles
mining
How Humans Influence Ecoeysteme
industry
•
MISt
0. clear-cutting practices by forestry
49
C. resource exploitation by mining industry
burning
B. grassland rnanagemetst by controlled
A. habItat fragmentatinit by urbanization
traditional ecological knowledge practices?
11. Which of the following is an example of
D. increase in fur seal population
C. change in migration pattern of orcas
B. increase in kelp beds
A. decrease in the sea otter population
10. In the Pacific Ocean. the food web,
inclttding ketp. whales. sea otters. and
sea urchins, bias been altered by haitnaua
activities. What factor has been matted to
the explosion in the sea urchin population?
0. deforestation
C. contamination of ecosystem
B, overexploitalion
A. soil degradation
9. Which of the following factors has lead to
the giant panda In China being considered
an enttangcred species?
in
0. extraction of gold
1.__detorestation
2.
extinctIon
3., habitat toes
4.
soil compaction
S__soil degradation
6.__ sustatnabitty
7. ___lreditkewi
ecotagkal
C. restoration of at slecamleds
U. urban expatisrorl of cities
A. conversion of grassland into ranettland
8. Which of the following illustrates a
sustainable practice?
Circle the tether of the beet answer.
Assessment
emi
Date
Match each Term on the left with the best
Descriptor on the rIght. Each Descriptor may be
used only once.
How humans hifluence
ecosystems
Name
Ho changes occur
nourally in ecosystems
7. Each of these finches from the Galapagos
Islands has evolved different shapes and
sizes of beaks. This is an example o:
Assessment
Use with textbook pages 122-134.
Date
Use with textbook pages 108—117.
Name
thU
Section 3.5
tegroas in which
they etd riot exist
C, predator-pray interaclions in which one
organism eats all or
pad of another organam
D. introduced org nisass
that can take over the
habitats of native speciesorinvadeiheb
bodies
E. the verlag of all Map
species of plants, arit
mats, and micra-organ
larasori Earth
F. plants and animals that
nakiraty inhabit an
area
6. plants, animate, or
micro-organisms
are transported brian-
an ecosystem
A. a harmful interaction
between tans or more
onismstlratn
occur when organtsms
compote far the same
resource
B, species that greaty
at fact population aiim
of
C toonMorvew-IJe Reroe LeaSed
__.
1._. bmdrversily
2.__. competition
3._....Jnrroduced
species
lanaoiva species
4.
keystone
5.
species
6._ native species
7.
Match each Term on the left with the best
Descriptor ott the right Each Descriptor may be
used only once.
-
-
broom
D. American bullDog
C, Scotch
B. Norway rot
A. red squirrel
•
MHR
55
12. An invader of the Carry Oak ecosystem i:
6. releasing competitive species
C. removing European starlings’ neSts
A.himiting planting of grain crops
B. introducino barn owls
11. hi some agricultural areas of firitlsh
Columbia. how are the populations of
Etiropean slarlinga being controlled?
.ioildbo.ir
c. rattle snake
B. maggot
A. yellow stinging ant
10. Whidi animal is considered the world a
most invasive species?
,
D nailve predators’ populations decrease
C prey adapt to new predators
How Introduced Speciec Affect Ecotysterns
:
:
:
:
:
:
A. prey tack adaptations to escape
:
B. prey populations increase
an impact on a prey population than native
predators?
:
9. Why do introduced p edatot-s have more of
D.lamprev
C. zebra mussels
A. looscstiife eating beetle
g
rust
8. Which of the fuBowia introcitteed species
not to be harmful to its
How introduced spedes
affect ecosystems
:
:
Assessment
L1
Circle the letter of the best answer.
Date
Use wlr teatbook pages 138-144.
Name
_________
B) temperate deciduous forest
Cl temperate raitiforest
Di tropical raniforest
tWrich biome Is not found in Canada?
A)i boreal forest
SCIENCE 10
UNIT 1: Biology Review
lOb 1U2 0 M. .200
405 0.p O ld’ 00
tnwtilch biome le Taber, AI,eila, located?
A) temperate deciduous forest
B borealforest
C grassland
D desert
.200
Cileesoaroph of.r,Mb.rt.
o
C
I
A
B nuaiy marshes, shallow lakea, and wetlands
coniforous bees with waxy needles to resist water loss
D snail mananais that burrow in the ground to stay warm
Sorest
rDttst
DeseC
Thrnpereto Oet0urotos lact
-Tenrpo,ate roitrroreot
=
*
Use the following climatograph of Taber, Alberta. to answer question 4.
Snowshoe hares of the boreal forest have fur that changes from summer brown to winterwttite to camouflage
them from predatois. What kind of adaptation is this an example of?
Au chemical adaptation
B): stnictural adaptation
C behavioural adaptation
D) physiological adaptation
5) iich feature below is not a biofic component of a boreal forest biome?
A.), mammals with thick, insulating coals
4)
j
3)
2) Students made tots of the biotic aid abiotic components of theb neighbowtiood. Which of the follownig isis
descithes onlj abiolic components of theinetehboudlood?
A)i hnig flower, water
B): temperature, latitude, soil
C) sunlight, moisture, bacteria
D) grass, precipitation, latitude
1)
Block:
Name:_________________
_____
_________________
—
0
Prm*e0pt icr
lmplral reetfem
H ,lrndra
-
C. GraCerare
P
:
‘20
0
4_1-i
20
,
.l
Aoer.ow AenuaITempeeatgee
:t
(‘C)
I,..
40
0) Plants lithe desert biome produce chemicals that protect them From beiog eaten byanbnais
Which of the foiowing airinat and plant adaptations isa physiological adaptation?
A) Caribou of the tundra bionic migrate to fond sources in winter.
B) Arctic foxes of the tundra biome have compact bodlee and shorter legs and ears, which reduce heat loss.
C) Grasses of the grassland biome have deep roots that form dense mats to collectwater when is available.
0) desert
A) temperate deciduous forest
B) temperate rainforest
C) tropical raioforest
Which region has high average annual precipitation and an average temperature between 15C and 300?
‘0
8
C
C
‘0
I
so
Use the following graph to identify the biome described in question 1.
Blomp Climate Data
Which combhiation of atsotic factors best explahis why the regions along the equator receive the greatest amount
of precipitation?
A) orinFhlandlalJtude
B) sunlight and elevation
C) latitude and ocean currents
0) ocean currents and elevation
0) temperate deciduous forest
C) temperate rainforest
10) WhIch kind of biome would you expect to find in an area with the characteristics listed below?
very tall trace, along the coastline, bordered by mountains on one side, average temperature range from 5°C
to 25°C
A) tropical grassland
B) tropical rainforest
0) precipitation, elevation, temperature
9) No bees grow above the tree toe in the tundra bionic of northern Canada rMrich condiration of ablofic faciom of
the tundra bionic can best explaki the absence of bees?
A) soil, sunht, temperature
B) soil, moisture, ocean currents
C) motgrowth,srmilght,tenerahjre
8)
7)
6)
1
°““
9
8
1
$
..
.4j....4
.
4
JtJ
—
and WaUPopulado.u on r,i. Coyote
.
A. 1963-1986
C. 1978-1981
B. 1985-1988
0. 2003-2006
16. Isle Royale hr Lake Superior han been
denignatedantntemationaltttosphereReserve.
The wolves of Isle Royale have no natural
predatorsandprfrrradfrhuntandeatmoose.in
what years did the prey population increase thely
due to a decline In the predator population?
— of the population of moose and wolf to answer the question 16.
irA scab byes on a beach, which is where the crab finds food, shelterand espacetofire. Forthe crab, the beach to
an esampleofwhatdtaslon of the biosphere?
A. niche
8. habat
C. ecosystem
0. communIty
88
04-
°r
Ii
Use thIs
IS. Witch of the fotowing statemeots about mutuatsm is false?
A. Mutalism is a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benelit.
B. to sme mutuaflotis retattonshtys, two spectes em ramble to sravtve without eadrother.
C. Is see type of mutuatom, one species defends another species against attacks in mbim for food and shelter.
0. One species protects another species from predators by camouflage. The host species is not banned to the
relatoship.
14. What Is the correct order of the ecological hierarchy, from smallest to largest?
A. ecoystem. population, community, organism
B. orgqoiom, community, population, ecosystem
C. organIsm, population, communty, ecosystem
0. population, ecosystem, organism, community
13. Baaiades attach to whales and are transported to new locations lithe ocean to ted sew food sources. Whales are
not harmed Ii thIs process. Whet type of symbIotic relatiooshty to this an example or?
A. parasism
B. mursaflnm
C. totetaction
0. conmenoatlsm
12. WItet Is the largest diulsion of the biosphere?
A. biorge
B. habtat
C. eco$ystem
D.popetalion
11. What is the best reason to esplais why fewer plants can grow hi deep water than can grow fri shelow water In a
madneecosystern?
A. These are more predators in deep water.
B. The temperabire of the water is colder at deep levels.
C. Watpr poSition te more concentrated at deep levels than at shallow water levels.
B. The,arnount of tght available Mr photosynthesis is less in deep water than Is shatow water.
B.tandlitonly
0. land Ill only
U; mha
I :good eyesight
atm pointed teeth
A. dekirore
C. camivore
B. omnivore
0. herbivore
0
.4
23Which is tire best descrlylion for the role of the flzly bear In this food web?
to
Use thIs pIcture of a food web to answer question 23.
22. A told of wtreatis an esampts of which member ofa food chaIn?
A. decomposer
B. bladegrader
C. consumer
0. prochicer
21. Which of the following statements about blomans Is true?
A. Food webs are used to show the available blomass in an ecosystem.
B. Biomass is usually expressed in unite of mlg or mlkg.
C. Biomass Is the total mass of flyIng plants, animals, fungi, and bacterIa in a particular area
D. The biomaus of animals an Earth is over loBtmes greater than the biomass of plants.
A.lonfr
C. I, it, and Itt
m
29. Which of the thRowing characteristics am common adaptations of predators?
19. A biologIst wants to Introduce anew species (species A) into an ecosystem. Species B ebsady tires te the
ecosystem and occupies the same nictre an species A. Whet wilt be the tkety outcome if specIes A is introduced into
the ecosystem?
A. moteetiom between the two species
B. parasitism of species B by species A
C. commenselimn between the two species
0. competition between species A and species B
18. Which of the fotowing statmnents about watsr Is not hue?
A. Water anchors plants in piece.
B. WIthout water, no organism would surVrse.
C. Water cantos nutrients from one place to another in an ecosystem.
0. The cells of most tang organisms contaIn between 50 and 90 perceotwater.
31. hrish of the following processes does not increase the amount of carbon disxlde (C02) in the ebnosphere?
B. phofoeynthesis
A. forest fees
0. decomposing bees
C. celigtar reopWalton
30. Where is the largest ntore of carbon found on Earth?
A. in cod deposIts
B. is ttinesblal vegetation
C. in rgsil end organic matter
0. in marine sediments end sedimentary rock
29. Whish of the following chemical nuhienls is not cycled between living organisms end the almonphere?
B. nitrogen
A. phosphorus
D.osygen
C. carbon
28. Yaw teacher asks you fo designs diagram fo show the modeis of femkrg relatisrmhips within wi ecosystem.
Whichtype of model ohoold you choose?
B. food chain
A. food web
0. ecological pyramid
C. food pyrsmid
27. Atithe producer level of s food pyramid, them is 455 000 kcafrnz of energy available. If them is agO percent
energy loss at each level, how many bilocaloriex will be incorporated info the bodies of the secoedery consumers?
B. 4550 kcalfm2
& 455rtrcafrn2
0.500500 kcafm2
C. 45500 kcatlm2
26. What is the best example of s debivore from the gal below?
B. green sIae
A. earthworm
D. spoIled frog
C. grasshopper
25. Atwhich Irophic level is the fox in this food web?
B. second
A. lest
D.fourth
C. third
24. Which organisms in this food web are the primary consumers?
B. rabbit and fox
A. owl:nd fox
D. rabbit and mouse
C. acorns and grass
5Th3!
I \4
Use this picture of a food web to answer questions 24 and 25.
—
ins marine food we She found that the concentration of DOT in
40. A bisisginisfudinde sample laken born a
this sample was 10 ppm. Wrat does s concentration of 10 ppm mean?
A. Them are 20 particles of DOT mised with 999980 other particles.
B. Them are two particles of DOT mined wtitr 999 999 other partictes.
C. There are boo particles of ODT mined with 999 998 other particles.
D. There am two partcles of DOT mised with 1000 000 other pertlcte&
3g. In whish part of en eninrel would you expect to find the highest level of e syrrttretlx chemical like PCB?
&brsis
B.fatstorage
0. blood system
C. king tissue
38. WhIch Is the best meson to explain why some synthetic and orgenis chemisels eccomutala in the envIronment?
A. Syothelin chemicals are metabolized byorgaminnrs.
B. Organisms secrete synthefic ctrernlcata ave weak product
C. The increase in rdbavtaletrsdlatien causes chemirsis in accrerrmdala in organisms.
0. Synthetic chemisela that carol be broken down by deccmpcsers wi butt spin Wing organtana
37. Which of the following processes makes nitrogen avsflable is pterrta and aninisis?
Nllrogen.flxing bacterIa in the sell
It Nitrogon4iskrg cyanobeclarie is the water
lit Decornpooer bacteria and hmngi in the sod
IV Nitrtfying bacteria in the onfi
B. 1,11, end Ill only
A. tend IV only
C. I. Ill, and IV only 0. LII, Ill, end IV
36. Wlrish of the following relationships between human activIties and nutrient cycles is not true?
A. The clawing and buming of forsata increases the amount of phosphate (P04) available ta organisms.
B. The buming of fosal hmeis for industry increanes the amount of nitrogen oxide (NO) in the ainrosphere.
) in water systems.
4
C. The use of fertitisem for agrlcollare increaseo the amounis of nitrate (NOr) and phosphate (P0
0. The use of motorIzed vehicles increases the amount of carbon dinxlde (CC),) in the ahnosphem.
35. How do camkrorous animals obtain the phosphorus that they need for growth end development?
A. Plants produce phosphorus through cetkrtar respiration and make t available to aoinrsis.
B. Bacteria break down the phosphorus in the sod arid make it aveitable fo aninrais.
C. The anirnats eat other conorsnera that have obtained phosphorus from plants.
0. The mrtinsls eat plants. mhish have absorbed phoaphonis thmrh the sell.
34. BIologists doing e yearly fish count ins amef lake notice that the number of fish in the lake is dmmaticetly less then
the year before They observe the bodinx of dead fish near the shoreline. After lasting a swnple of fire walem the
biologists resize that the level of dissolved nitrogen has increased dramatically. What else mlehl the biologists noitce
about the lake?
A. increased oxygen
B. increased eigae production
C. decmased lake temperature
0. decreased algae production
33. Which term describes the process of converthrg nitrogen gas (N,) info nitrate (NOr) or ensnonium (NH4I?
A. uptake
B. nibiticaton
C. denllrificeton 0. nitrogen fixation
32. Listed below sm chemiset compounds matched with s location where they can he found on Earth. Which of the
pairs of chemisat compounds and locations is incorrect?
A. nitrate (NOr): water
B. nitrogen Qt): aisrosphere
C. carbonate (CO,) : aisrospirere
0. phosphate (P0
): sedinrenlary rock
4
-
-
-
-
44. Wtfch of the blowing contarnisanta have these four characteristics in summon?
potential to hioaccumulate within organisms
naturally present on Earth
binds to sell particles
toxic to animals
A. leariand PCBs
B. ODTand PCSa
C. isalt, cadmium, aol mercury
0. carimken, mercury, and DOT
43. TM squid in this food web was tested and found to have a ODT concentration of 2.0 ppm. Which organism would
you aspect to have a concentration of 16.0 ppm?
B. krit
A. cod
0. orca
C. zoojrlankton
Uee the following picture ole marine food web to answer questIon 43.
42. Witch of tha fofiowing statements about PCB contamination and orcax is not true?
A. Orcrs retain high levais of PCB5 is their bodies because PCBs have a long half-tile.
B. Thepresence of high amounts of PCB5 In orcas is an snample of blumagstticalios.
C. PCtt-contareinated orcas usually give birth to calves that have no PCB contamination.
D. PCBs are synthetic chemicals that wore widely used in industrial products.
41. Sea otters that live off the west coast of Canada primarily eat sea urchiss. The sea erchins are ose of the main
csnssrners of algae such as kelp. Toxic levels of synthetic chemicals in the sea otter population prevented the sea
otters (rem reprodscing, and the pspslatiss of sea otters began to decrease sigsifcanlty. As a result, the sea urchins
and other herbivores quickly severely reduced the kelp, allowing barnacles and musseis to flourish at the cast of other
apacieg In the ecosyatem. Which is the best description for the role of the sea otter is this marine ecosyatem?
B. indicator species
A. keystone species
D. niche species
C. top carnivore
52. An example of nalurel seisctinn is the increase in the poputation of dart-coloured moths during the Industrial
Revotalinn is Engtand. During this time, large amounts of ash and soot released Inta the stnrosphere blackened the
trees and vegetation near industrial areas, which was the habitat of the moth. Before the Industrial Revolution altered
the environment, the lighisoloured moth population wax much higher than the dark-coloured moth population. WhIch of
the folinwisg reasonn best espinins the increase is the dark.coisured moth population?
A. The coisur of the moths alternates every few yeam keheeen Ighi and dark.
B. The dark-coisured moths were better able is avoW predators though canoullage agakrst the dat.coloured frees.
C. The dartr-ostarxed moths were the moths that were more exposed hr pohrtion, which changed theis pigmnentatisn.
0. The light-coloured moths were more suscepltirle to the envisomenenlal impact of the ash aid soot is their
envirorerrent.
51. Which of the fofowisg statements regarding pioneer specisa is not hue?
A. Gainpapos tinches are an example eta pioneer species.
B. Pinneerapeclea change the bistic and abintic environment isa variety of ways.
C. Pisneer opecins are the tirst organisms that survive and reproduce is an area.
0. Lichens that grow on rock in areas where glacIers have retreated are an exrespte of a pisneer species.
50. What do the following events have is common?
flooding tsunami • drought • Inasct Infestation
A. They occur only in coastal areas.
B. They result is primary succession.
C. They affect bistic and ahintic factors of matare commanttiea.
D. They have at increased is frerprency because of clhnate change.
49. Which of the blowing statements alrout nataral selection is not hue?
A. The Inches of the Galapagos isinnds are an enanpie of natural selection.
B. The deveinpmert of antihtotic-resistanthacleria is an exanrple of nahawi selection.
C. Natural selecton occurs when an organinm tries to charge and adapt hr new mxrsunrtogs.
0. in nakiralsaleclon, reenters of a species who have a tavourakie halt witi be more Ielyhr reproduce.
48. Mararrpinis are mmnrnais that have a pouch is which females raise their ynraig through early isfancy. Many
marsupials, such an karrgarooa and koala beam, We is Austratia, where ti is beleved that they alt evolved from a
common ancestor. Each species occupies to own ecological niche within Australia. This an example of which type of
process?
A. artificial aeisction
B. adaptive radtation
D. ecological succession
C. primary successinn
47. Which of the fotowisg are setural seurces of heavy metals on Earth?
I volcanic eruptions
II geothermal springs
Ill battery manufacisrieg
IV rock weathering
B.tiandlllonly
A.IandlVonly
C.l.Il,andlVonkj 0.l,ll,ttl,andlV
46. Which of the tatowisg is not an example of how humans can be exposed to heavy metal poisoning?
A. smoking cigarettes
B. ingestion of reethylmercury
C. akin absorption dee in direct contact
D. eating ahetfish contaminated by a red tide
45. After an ot spill near Vancouver Island. the of company decided louse bacteria to clean up the polistion created
by the spil What type of process is thin an eaample 01?
A. biscleaning
B. bloremedlation
0. blornagnitication
C. bloaccureulation
66. Which of the following statements about forest tires is not true?
A. Secondary succession can occur after a forest Ike.
B. Forest tees are an example of resource espistiabon.
C. Controlled bums of forest fires can improve the diversity of the forest
0. Forest lIre suppression practices Irave resulted in large numbers of dead or diseased trees.
60. Which of the following is an example of a sustainable tend use approach is British Colombia?
A. grasland management plans
B. urbrtn expansion Into farmtasds
C. cutting large areas of forest
0. draIning and drying out wetlands
B. the lotroducton of non-native plant species
C. the overesploitatlen of the salmon fishery
0. the sprIng burning of prairie grasslands in Alberta
65. Which of the tetowing is an example of traditional ecological knowledge?
L sod compaction of agrictdtiiral lands
64. Which of the following lea likely outcome of overexploitation?
A. bisdiversity
B. extinction
C. sustalnabdlty
0. ecological succession
63. Which of the followtrr
A. use of plants to r
B.useoft---”
n
C. resom—
Use this picture of an 01
62. Which of the fotowkrg statements about land use Is not true?
A. Bare fields can cause topsoil erosion.
B. The use of tractors can cause soil compaction.
C. Mine reclamation can cause water contamination.
D. Road construction can cause habitat fragmentation.
61. WhIch of the felowbig statements about deforestation ace true?
I Deforestation lea problem snlym tropical rabrforests.
II Deforestation reduces tire msanberof plaits aid arrimals firing in an ecosystem.
III Deforestation can cause sell erosten.
A.landllonly
B.I,ll,andlll
C. II only
0.11 and lii only
59. Which of the following in not a characteristic of a sustainable ecosystem?
A. blodiversity
B. no resource use
C. ,esponsthle beat use
0. abilIty to sustain ecological process
58. Across at six rocks, an average sf40 percent of the species became extinct In the smaller patches. What could the
researchers conclude from this experiment?
A. Thlexpedment shows how to creates sustainable ecosystem.
B. Habitat loss does not affect the biodiriersity of the rock ecosystem.
C. Many of the species living on the rock were affected by habitat fragmentation.
D. Tha.specien were able to move among the smaller patches to obtain the nutrients they needed.
57. ¶Mat is the correct order for tire following stages of prenary succession, from earliest to latest?
IA mature community develops.
lIThe decay of pioneer species creates sod.
Ill lichens begin breaking down rocks and forming soit
IV Micro-organisms aid insects begin to occppy the area.
V Sun-tolerant trees begin to grow.
8. III, II, IV, V, I
A. II, ll V, IV, I
V.
C. Ill, l, I, IV 0. IV, II, III, I. V
56. WhIch of the following statements regarding the mountain pore trestle are true?
I Pine beetles have a symbiotic reletonship with a itingus.
II Pine treaties only attack older, weaker pine trees.
Ill The spread of the pine beetle hi British Columbia has decreased spwce, fir, and younger pine populations.
IV Tree resin can trap beetles.
B. Ill and IV only
A. I anft II only
0.1,11,111, and IV
C. I. lll and IV only
55. Which of the intowbig is not true about flooding?
A. Flooding can cause isrmarnrs.
B. Flooding can cause widespread disease.
C. Flooding can be part of the nomad cycle of an ecosystem.
0. Ctnle change may have caused an increase in flooding.
54. In Which of the following locations would you expect the process of secondary succession to occur?
A. on Itiva after a volcanic eruption
B. in a rocky landscape in the Arctic
C. in an area left from a retreating glacier
0. in ai empty field where crops were once grown
53. Vegetation gradually takes hold on bare rock formed by costing lava. What kind of ecological process in
happerling?
8. primary succession
A. secondary succession
D. natural selection
C. adaØve radiation
to answer question 63.
78. What relationstep exists between the honeybee and the
flower?
A. predation
B. parasitism
C. muhrahsm
D. commensalisni
77. An ecoingist wants to gather information about a stream
along a mountainside.
Which of the following is a bIoIlc factor?
k water 110w rate
B. mineral deposits
C. water temperature
0. variety of Ife forms
Use the followIng infomratlon to answer questions 73 and 74.
Rabbits were Introduced to Aushata by European solders. The rabbits quickly multiplied and spread throughout the
saline
vegetation and deslroyreg food and habitat for many native species. The Austratan
the
country, feeding on
government decided to use mysoma virus to eradicate the rabbit population. The mysoma virus is from Uruguay, and it
casse4 the fatal disease mysomatosis. Its usually transmitted by mosquitoes or fleas.
73. Wirich of the following best summarizes the actions of the Australian government?
A. the tine of an introduced species to control an invasive population
B. the inon of a native species to control an Invasive population
C. the use of an invasive species to control a native population
D. the tine of a foreign species to control a native population
76. Which of the following isa citraractenstic of the boreal forest biome?
A. coniferous trees
B.e permafrost layer
C. a constant temperature throughout the year
D. annual rainfall of more than 250cm per year
75. Which of the following is an exampte of a blome?
A. the Equator
B. the Nile River
C. the city of Cairo
D. the Sahara Desert
74. Initially, the virus killed 90 percent of the rabbit population. In more recent years, the rabbit population has begun to
grow again even though the virus is still present in the environment and continues to kill up to 50 percent of the rabbit
population annually. What is the best explanation for why the virus currently kills only half of the rabbit population?
A. The rabbit population became a native species.
B. The rabbit population found anew niche to occupy.
C. The rabbit population learned to hide from the virus.
D. Natural selection favoured virus-resistant rabbits that were able to sureive and reproduce.
72. Which of the fotswtrig are reasons why there has been an increase in invasive introduced species?
I creation of new niches in ecosystems
II increased international air travel
Ill increase in biodiverslty of ecosystems
IV climate change
B. tt and IV only
A. I, It,and III only
0. I, II, Ill, and IV
C. Ill nd IV only
71. WhIch of fire following statements accurately describes introduced species?
A. They naturally inhabit the new environment
B. Native species Is another name for introduced species.
C. Mary are harmless or beneficial in their new environment
0. They are always intentionally introduced into a new environment
70. l,Mnch of the following species have these three characteristics in common?
• invasive species
• outcompete native species
• toned in British Columbia
A. gyptiy moth and grey squirrels
B. grey squirrels and American bullfrog
C. gypsy moth and American bullfrog
0. grey squirrels and red squirrels
69. Wt)at type of impact has the European staring had on native birds in British Columbia?
B. competition
A. predation
D. disease and parasites
C. hablat alteration
68. An invasive predator species is introduced into a new environment The predator is quickly able totted suitable
prey. In a short period of time, the prey population has been drameticaty reduced by the new predator Which of the
foltowiflig best explains how the predator was able to do this?
A. Theprey population began to occupy a new niche.
B. The
prey population had a high reproduction rate.
1
C. Thwinvasive predator became a parasite on the prey species.
0. Therprey population probably did not have adaptations to escape or fight the new predator.
67. Which of the following characteristics accurately describe most invasive species?
I aggressive competitors
low reproduction rates
Ill lack natural predators in new habitats
IV contribute to biodiversity loss
B. I, 11,111, and IV
A. I anti II only
0. III and IV only
C. I, lll and IV only
f
II
Mid.
I
Mia.
I
5..d.s,d.d,
83. WhIch of the dzlowomg best esptains the distrthudon of temperate rainforests?
& wann, moist air near the equator
B. intense solar radiation causing arid conditions
C. repence of large nmeorbem of mnal herbivores
D. presenoe of coastal mowmtains causing high ammual pmcitation
82. Which oldie fotowhmg do nitrogen fixation and the decomposition of organic wastes have In common?
A. Both enrtch the soil
B. Both are pert of the carbon cycle.
C. Both decreese levels of nitrogen in the soiL
0. Both are responsible for increased levels of carbon dioside in the atrrroopbere.
81. Which of the blowing elements how these bee characteristics in common?
•diasokedimwabr
•atnredhrseditnents
present in the atmosphere
A. carbon end nitrogen
phosphorus
B. carbon and
C. nitrogen and phosphnms
D. ca4son. nitrogen end phosphoms
80. WhIch of the fotowing contain the greatest carbon stores in gigetonnea of carbnn?
A. macbe life
B. oil and gao deposits
C. orgmrlc rnattorhi sod
0. marIne sediments and seditnentay rocks
79. Which of the fotowing Lu likely to occur if a latge number of squitrelo are removed from the area?
A. an Increase in the fox population
B. an Increase in the owl population
C. a decrease In the plant population
ha decreaae In the rabbit population
oern,
a.—
Squknk
R4va.
/
ow.
.
/
.4..
c’.c
-.
j.me.e
3vm,.
.4
4w-reew.
/
re-row.
.a
j7
4%
..
85. The tlsches on time Galapagos blends are ditferent from Island to Island because of which oldie blowing?
A. different ages
B. dilferentslces
C. ditferentpredatom
D. dWerentfood sources
St
84. Which statement beet explains the relatively high level of PCBs in eagles compared to those of guitemots?
A. Both species are camlrores.
B. Guillemots eat more herstrrg then eagles do.
C. Levels of PCBs are higher In marine environments.
0. Eagles occrqoya higher troplmlc level lien guiltemot
Coomacn,.
rp.
eew—moowppm
Use the following diagram to aiswer question 84
ThM
01
So
o so
J
p
MA
ri
C
J
—
I.
S
ri
Ao.o
ON
0
ri.
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41
UpooipsCoo
Use the fotiowlag cinatograpil to answer question 88
88. WhIch world biome is represented by the data is the cthnatogrsph?
& desert
B. tundra
C. iroplcal ratoforest
0. temperate raisforest
A.lancjllonly
B. I ant IV only
C. ltasd Ilonly
I, tt,Jtl and IV
so
87. Witch of the k>lowrng situations contithules to the shape of the graph?
I When the prey population is small, the predators have more difficulty
capturing food and their population Claris to decline.
tin response to predator decline, the prey population starts to increase.
Ill Both predator and prey populations lacrease until the Increased number
of predators causes the prey populaton to declise.
IVAs the predator populaiton increases and eats more prey, the reduced
prey population will lead to starvation among predators.
86. The rncrease km the predator population size lags behind the Increase in the prey population see.
A. The.statemnent is supported by tire graph.
B. The.taionient is refuted by the graph.
C. The.steternent is neither supported nor refuted by the graph.
Use the graph to answer questions 86-87
91. Which of the fotowkrg spades Is most tkely to occupy the second trophic tevel is an ecosystem?
A. apple
B. bird-eating cat
C. kmsecb.eathg bird
0. apple.eatlng amsect
0. binaccumutatlon
B. commensatism
C. photosynthesis
90. What process is responsthle for providing energy to the ecosystem?
A. decomposition
89. Which of the fow.ig is am chtoLIc factor?
A. fish
B.frog
C. plant
D. water
K
Use the fa&rwisg dlagrwn to answer questIon 89.90
tern]
Cararpillar
Snake
Hawk
—
A. The red-billed ospecker cikobs over the skin of giraffes. searching for bisects to eat The gkaffe is helped hecaune
the ospecker fakes away the irrttaltng pests.
B. The dodder isa plant that lives on other plants, getting nutrients from them. Dodders do not have any chlorophyll
necessary for photosynthesis and do nohnake their own food.
c. mq remora tsh has a suction disk on top of Its head, which it uses to harmlessly attach tself to shartm. Ills than
proleclçd by the shark and car pick up scraps of food the shark drops.
tseatpamsofthe bee. to return, the
D.Acadiaantsprotectthe acaciatree to Costa Rica Theybiteaiknals
bee provides the ants with a sale place to nest toside large thomn. The free atso produces a sweet substance for
to eat
the
94. Wllrjchofthefollowtog san esaxpleof parasitism?
93.11 many hawks were killed, what would likely happen to the caterpillar population?
A. Itwonld toscease.
Bit wpkrld decrease.
C. It would remahr stable.
D. It eroubi lecrease, and then level off.
Grass
a= p
Use the followIng food chain to answer question 93
te
ninogna
bleat.
cons,snaos
Node
dricile
D.
bleak
,bkdc
C
waite
blame
nibopan
llaoZ
Thiny
camawaars
sbiour
blade
tdsrla
n.
abioda
:e.mx::
A.
aneW
92. Witch of the following nets of terms correctly represent each of the shaded hoses shown shove?
I
Use the following diagram to answer question 92.
A.Ionly
rrr
II
L!J
a
B.landfforrly
irndeai
5
dpreri
in odor rolbulsa
arena5ebiaip005050
C.lardlllonly
D.Uardlfionly
98. Which of the following ablotc factors would be atoriler within the boreal forest hionre?
97. Which of the followleg descdhes how phosphoms Is made available for plarrts to use?
A. Liahtokig fixes atmospheric phosphorous.
B. Weatherhig releases phosphorus from rock.
C. Volcanoes release phosphorus from the earth.
V. Cellular respialisn releases phosphorus to the atmosphere.
A. land IV only
6.11 and III only
C. lii and IV only
V. I, Ill and IV only
minrabdag a nurses betel
plandap liter
bamingaforna
I
J illII
L!Y_
96.98th of the foflowleg will wnrove carbon diordde from the abrrosphere?
95. Which of the folowkrg best eopleiis the flatted amounts of nitrogen toagdcutard lard?
A. Dentsiykrg bacteria are scarce.
B. Decomposers remove nilrogeo from the soil
C. Bacteria that perform nitrogen Ikratlon are rare.
D. Ammnnkrm, nItrite and nitrate leach from the sol.
1910
lOIS
1920
Ynor
1525
5590
1935
1920
1545
100. Which of the following is represented?
A. bioflegradatlon
B. natlJral selection
C. adtlptive radiation
D. eoplogical succession
Use the following diagram to answer question 100.
99. Athich of the tisfowixg is the most ikely explanation for the change in the number of deer from 1925 to 1935?
A. Foqd resources were depleted and starvation occurred.
B. Drgught caused a large number of deer to enter the area.
C. Improved natural habitat provided additional protection from predators.
D. A iumber of predatory species drove the local deer population to extinction.
1020
Use the following graph of a deer population overtime to answer question 99.