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Unit 4
Area of Study 1:
Memory
Holiday Homework
Measures of Retention
Complete the table below (use information from page 335)
Method
Recall
Free Recall
Serial recall
Cued recall
Recognition
Relearning
(methods of
savings)
Description
Example
Complete the savings equation below.
Saving = ______________________________________________
X
100
1
Stages of Memory
What are the two key functions of the information processing model of memory?
1.
2.
The Atkinson-Shiffrin model suggests three distinguishable kinds of memory. What
are they?
1.
2.
3.
Do they work together or alone?
Copy figure 9.8 on a coloured sheet of A4 paper. This is an important diagram. You
may need this for the exam. Make sure when you reproduce it you understand it.
Add as many noted as possible.
Complete the following table
Stage of
memory
Sensory
memory
(SM)
Short term
memory
(STM)
Long term
memory
(LTM)
Function
Capacity
Duration
Explain what the image we see at the movies is actually made up of.
Briefly outline the experiment conducted by Sperling (1960). Present the outline in a
flowchart. Try to use the terms aim, hypothesis, method, results, conclusions.
Define iconic memory (icon= image……..i=image (eyes, see))
Define echoic memory (echoic = echo….. sound)
In what way is sensory memory adaptive (that is, assists us in adjusting to the
environmental change?)
Read Box 5 pg 345. Explain déjà vu.
Sperling (1960) Evaluation of research (pg 340)
Fill in each of the boxes referring to the above study
Operational Hypothesis:
Independent Variable
Results
Conclusions
Confounding Variables
Dependant Variable
Short Term Memory (STM)
Define Short Term Memory
In what ways is short term memory like sensory memory and unlike sensory
memory?
What is working memory? Describe the three sub systems of working memory as
described by Baddeley.
Explain the relationship between the three sub systems with reference to an
example.
What is the capacity of STM?
Copy figure 9.18 below. Provide a paragraph explaining what the graph is showing.
Describe two common ways in which information is lost from STM?
You get a job as a cook in a fast food restaurant where orders are called out for you
to prepare. How many different items are you likely to remember in one order?
Explain your answer with reference to relevant theory and empirical research.
What are two ways in which we can get around the limited capacity of short term
memory?
Define chunking.
Give ten examples of how chunking occurs in everyday life. (To start you off IBM,
BHP …..)
Define rehearsal. What are the two types of rehearsal?
According to the consolidation theory, what can disrupt the transition of memory
from short-term to long-term memory store? Why?
Long Term Memory (LTM)
For each of the following examples, identify the type of long-term memory involved
(procedural, declarative, episodic or semantic).
1. Nell shifts her weight from the left to right leg, and lifts her left foot during a tai
chi class.
2. The kindergarten teacher holds up a picture of a horse and asks the students
what it is. Hugh says it is a horse because it has four legs and a long tail.
3
3. Theresa gives the correct answer to an algebra problem in a maths class.
4
4. Declan tells Sam about last Saturday night’s party, embellishing the details as he
recalls them.
5
5. Ali correctly pushes the numbers on the telephone keypad, despite the electricity
failure that has caused a blackout at her house.
6. Tam correctly recalls the number of goals kicked by ‘Plugger’ in the 1999 football
season.
7
7. Zac explains to the police officer who pulled him over that a large, furry spider
crawled across the steering wheel, causing Zac to panic and forcing him to run the
red light.
8. When asked what 1975 means to him, your politics teacher Mr Kerr says it was
the year Prime Minister Whitlam was dismissed.
How do procedural memory and declarative memory differ?
Read and summarise box 7 (Page 361)
What are the features of the semantic network theory?
What is the serial position effect?
With which levels of memory store are primacy effect and recency effect associated?
Why?
Read page 375 to 377. Complete Learning Activity 1