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Final Exam – Study Guide Biology 20
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Producers, decomposers, consumers, monocultures
Different levels of consumers (primary, tertiary, secondary)
Autotrophs, chemiotrophs, heterotrophs
Carnivore, herbivore, detritivore, omnivore
Food chain, food web
What do fertilizers contain
Albedo effect
Atmospheric composition
What does denitrifying bacteria do
What does phosphorus do for living organisms
Characteristics of different Canadian biomes
Littoral, limnetic, and profundal zones (what happens in these different areas of lakes)
Biome that has the least biodiversity (rhymes with “fundra”)
Factors that affect terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
If temperature and growing seasons are similar, what other factor influences plant growth
Carrying capacity, ecological niche, biotic potential
Indicators of water quality
what two classifications are used for binomial nomenclature
Two major points of Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution
Why does geographic isolation lead to unique species
Understand genetic variability and how it can lead to survival advantages
Understand how stable environments can lead to organisms surviving without many
evolutionary changes
Allopatric speciation, vestigial feature, homologous and analogous features,phylogeny
What makes a mutation successful, and the three different types of mutations
In genetic variation, how do sexual and asexual reproduction differ
Artificial and natural selection
Which colour has the shortest wavelength, which has the longest
Difference between light reactions and dark reactions
What happens during photolysis
Products of photosynthesis
Products of light dependant reactions
What is the first step in aerobic and anaerobic respiration
What is the theoretical percentage of energy we get out of glucose
In aerobic respiration where is most of the energy produced (which step?)
Why is aerobic respiration better than anaerobic
What happens and what moves during chemiosmosis
What is found in the digestive fluids of the stomach
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Which lipoprotein has been linked to atherosclerosis
Liver functions
What does the gall bladder help to breakdown?
Why are bicarbonate ions important in digestion
What do carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins get broken down into
What do enzymes do to the activation energy of certain chemical processes
Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis
Elements that make up amino acids
How does pressure influence where gases diffuse to
What do all respiratory disorders affect
How does oxygen travel through the blood stream
What are the three basic types of muscles
How does the medulla oblongata respond when it detects high levels of carbon dioxide
How many chambers does our heart have and what are they called
Which pathway does blood take once it reaches your heart
What is the sinoatrial node, and what else is it called sometimes
QRS wave signifies what
Where is the blood pressure the highest in your body
What do lymph nodes do
Why is coronary artery so important, and what does it have to do with heart attacks
What affects the cardiac output
Where are white blood cells produced
Phagocytosis, erythrocytes, fibrin, fibrinogen, anemia
How does the immune response change when the body is infected with a virus for the second
time
Why do transplanted organs cause such difficulties for patients
What is blood composed of
What does a red blood cells look like
What happens in the nephrons (rhymes with miltration)
How does urine get from the kidneys to the toilet
What is deamination
What is in your urine when you have diabetes mellitus
Why do ADH levels change
What are the three distinct layers of the kidney