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World War II Study Guide
Chapters 34-37
Chapter 34: Could World War II have been prevented?
Most of the world was suffering from a depression along with the U.S. This added to the economic
problems of Germany. Hitler re-armed Germany, violating the Treaty of Versailles in order help
Germany’s poor economy. He pushed on and took control of the Rhineland. In 1936 he demanded that the
Sudetenland, a German speaking region of Czechoslovakia be turned over to Germany.
1. Munich Pact & policy of appeasement (1938) -Britain and France give in to Hitler’s demands
2. Joseph Stalin creates a totalitarian dictatorship in the Soviet Union-government controls all aspects of
society. He modernized the Soviet Union industry but brutality to achieve his goals and strengthen his
control. He changed the agricultural system to collective farms and forced private farmers to work on
cooperative farms. Those who resisted were put in labor camps or murdered by his
secret police
Mussolini establishes a Fascist dictatorship in Italy-extreme nationalism and strongly opposes
Communism AND democracy, favors military values, use of violence and censorship
Blackshirts-police force that terrorized rivals
Il Duce-“The Leader”
Hitler and Nazism rise to power in Germany-extreme nationalism
-believe Germans/Nordic people called Aryans were physically/morally superior and wanted to
purify Germany by removing other races, especially Jews
-Mein Kampf/My Struggle-Hitler’s book that introduces Lebensraum/Living Space declaring that
Germany needed land on which Aryan settlers could raise large families who would in turn
Conquer more territory eventually ruling the world
-Nazis called their government the Third Reich or third of the German empires
-1934 Hitler became chancellor taking complete control and calling himself der Fuhrer or “the
leader”
-They passed new laws targeting Jews and other “undesirables” stripping them of rights and
sending them to concentration camps.
Japan, led by Tojo moves toward a policy of militarism-they become more aggressive in their quest to
Obtain more “living space” and natural resources such as oil. Many political assassination took place as
Tojo and the militarist replaced civilian/democratic rule
The U.S., Great Britain and France could have provided more financial and military help to these countries
to avoid the dictators rise to power, however, many felt they did not have enough economic resources to
come to their aid because they were also suffering from a depression.
Alliances that formed:
Allied Powers: Britain, France, U.S., U.S.S.R.*
Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, U.S.S.R.*
3. Military Aggression meets a weak response
1935-1936 Germany re-militarizes and violates the Treaty of Versailles---no sanction taken by League of
Nation
1935 Italy invades Ethiopia & Hitler and Mussolini form the Rome-Berlin Axis-League of Nations
imposed economic sanctions (oil) against Italy, U.S. refuses to participate
1936-1939-Germany & Italy aid nationalists in Spanish Civil War led by General Francisco Franco to
overthrow Spain’s democratic government-The Neutrality Acts passed by the U.S. prevents us from
helping Spain
1937-Japanese troops massacre civilians in Nanjing-F.D.R. makes an ineffective speech and Japan goes on
to invade French Indochina (Vietnam) and other islands in the Pacific
1938-German declares a political union with Austria taking them over-no action taken
1939-Germany invades the rest of Czech breaking the Munich Pact-Britain and France declare that any
further attach by Hitler would trigger war
Germany signs a “non-aggression pact” with the Soviet Union (USSR)
Germany uses blitzkrieg tactics to invade Poland
Britain and France declare war on Germany but don’t really have power to stop take over of Poland
1940- Hitler takes over France. Italy declares war on Britain and France
Germany unsuccessfully attacks Britain (Battle of Britain)- The U.S. begin sending aid to Britain
Under the Lend-Lease Act
December 7, 1941- Japan attacks Pearl Harbor-next day F.D.R. asks congress for a declaration of war
300 Japanese aircrafts attack naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
What factors caused the relationship between the U.S. and Japan to deteriorate?
Chapter 35: What kind of opportunities and hardships did the war create for Americans at home
and abroad?
2. How did the U.S. government convert the economy from peace time to war time?
War Productions Board
National Labor Relations Board
How did the government pay for the war?
Revenue Act of 1942-
How was inflation and overconsumption controlled?
Office of Price Administration
Rationing
3. G.I.
draft
4. Japanese-Americans
442nd Division
Executive Order 9066/Japanese Internment Camps
Korematsu v. United States
5. Women
Women’s Army Corps (WAC)
WAVES
SPARs
6. African-Americans
Tuskegee Airmen
Double V Campaign
7. Jews
Kristallnacht (night of the broken glass)
Anti-Semitism
War Refugee Board
8. Mexican American
The Bracero Program
Zoot Suit Riots
Chapter 36: What military strategies did the United States and its allies pursue to defeat the Axis
powers in World War II?
2. Preparing for War in Europe
Axis Powers
Allies
S.S.
The “Jewish Question” and the Final Solution
Eistengruppen
What other groups did Nazis target?
North Africa
Erwin Rommel & the Afrika Korps
Poland
Soviet Union
3. War in Europe (1942-1945)
Europe First
Southern Italy
Battle of Stalingrad
Counteroffensive
B-24 Liberators and B-17 Flying Fortress/precision or strategic bombing
Saturation bombing
Battle of NormandyOperation Overlord
D-Day
General Dwight D. Eisenhower
The Holocaust
Genocide
The Final Solution
Auschwitz
Dachau
Battle of the Bulge
Germany surrenders
What was Hitler’s final fate?
4. Preparing for war in the Pacific
The Philippines
General Macarthur
Bataan Death March
Tokyo/Doolittle Raids
Code Breaking
Battle of the Coral Sea
Admiral Chester Nimitz
Code Talkers
Battle of Midway
Leapfrogging/island hopping
Battle of Okinawa
Kamikaze pilots
Dropping of the atom bomb
Manhattan Project
Truman’s decision
The Enola Gay
VE Day/VJ Day
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
Chapter 37: Did the United States learn from past mistakes at the end of World War II?
2. Isolationism ends
The United Nations
The World Bank
The International Monetary Fund
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Four Freedoms
3. Dealing with the defeated Axis Powers
How were the demands of the U.S. and its allies different after WW2 than in WW1?
The Nuremberg Trials & international tribunals
Germany after WW2
Japan after WW2
4. Postwar Life for Americans
The G.I. Bill of Rights
African American
Women
5. Geneva Conventions