Download Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System

Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The time from the beginning of atrial depolarization to the beginning of ventricular
depolarization is shown on the ECG waveform as the:
A. QRS complex
B. PR interval
C. QT interval
D. ST segment
2. What is recorded on the ECG strip?
A. The electrical activity of the heart
B. The muscle contractions of the heart
C. The circulation of blood in the heart
D. All of the above
3. The average heart is approximately what size?
A. The size of a baseball
B. The size of your fist
C. The size of a peach
D. The size of your foot
4. The outermost layer of the heart is the:
A. Endocardium
B. Myocardium
C. Epicardium
D. Pericardium
5. The middle layer of the heart is the:
A. Endocardium
B. Myocardium
C. Epicardium
D. Pericardium
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System
6. The innermost layer of the heart is the:
A. Endocardium
B. Myocardium
C. Epicardium
D. Pericardium
7. The sac of tissue that encloses the entire heart is the:
A. Atrium
B. Ventricle
C. Myocardium
D. Pericardium
8. The purpose of the pericardium is to:
A. Protect the heart from infection and trauma
B. Contract the heart
C. Circulate blood through the coronary arteries
D. Keep blood flow headed in the right direction
9. The heart is divided into four chambers. The top chambers are:
A. Right atrium, right ventricle
B. Left atrium, left ventricle
C. Right atrium, left atrium
D. Right ventricle, left ventricle
10. The heart is divided into four chambers. The bottom chambers are:
A. Right atrium, right ventricle
B. Left atrium, left ventricle
C. Right atrium, left atrium
D. Right ventricle, left ventricle
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System
11. The valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle is the:
A. Mitral (bicuspid) valve
B. Tricuspid valve
C. Aortic valve
D. Pulmonary valve
12. The valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle is the:
A. Mitral (bicuspid) valve
B. Tricuspid valve
C. Aortic valve
D. Pulmonary valve
13. The tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid) valves are known as _____ because they separate the
atria from the ventricles.
A. Semilunar valves
B. Pulmonary valves
C. Atrioventricular (AV) valves
D. Aortic valves
14. The _____ valves separate the ventricles from the arteries leading to the lungs or body.
A. Tricuspid
B. Semilunar
C. Mitral (bicuspid)
D. Atrioventricular (AV)
15. Name the two semilunar valves.
A. Pulmonary, mitral
B. Aortic, tricuspid
C. Tricuspid, mitral
D. Aortic, pulmonary
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System
16. Blood returns to the heart via the veins. The largest vein is the:
A. Vena cava
B. Cava vena
C. Jugular
D. Subclavian
17. Oxygenated blood travels through the heart via the:
A. Pulmonary arteries
B. Peripheral venous system
C. Coronary arteries
D. All of the above
18. The valves located in the heart are important because they:
A. Act like a door
B. Prevent blood from flowing backwards
C. Form electrical conduction through the heart
D. Allow for good blood flow to the body
19. Blood that leaves the right ventricle is considered:
A. Deoxygenated
B. Systemic
C. Peripheral venous return
D. All of the above
20. What are the first vessels to branch off the aorta?
A. Coronary arteries
B. Capillaries
C. Venae cavae
D. Pulmonary arteries
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System
21. The volume of blood pumped each minute is referred to as:
A. Cardiac cycle
B. Cardiac output
C. Stroke volume
D. Systole
22. The volume of blood ejected with each contraction is referred to as:
A. Cardiac cycle
B. Cardiac output
C. Stroke volume
D. Systole
23. The "lubb" and "dupp" sounds you hear are made by the:
A. The opening and closing of the heart valves
B. The atria contracting
C. The ventricles contracting
D. Blood flow through the heart
24. The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart is expanding and refilling, also known as
the relaxation phase, is:
A. Systole
B. Diastole
C. Automaticity
D. Conductivity
25. The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart is pumping blood out to the body, also
known as the contraction phase, is:
A. Systole
B. Diastole
C. Automaticity
D. Conductivity
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System
26. Together, the contraction and relaxation of the heart make up:
A. Systole
B. Diastole
C. The cardiac cycle
D. Coronary circulation
27. The heart's own ability to initiate an electrical impulse without being stimulated by
another source is known as:
A. Contractility
B. Excitability
C. Conductivity
D. Automaticity
28. The ability of the heart cells to receive and transmit an electrical impulse is known as:
A. Contractility
B. Excitability
C. Conductivity
D. Automaticity
29. The ability of the heart muscle cells to shorten in response to an electrical impulse is
known as:
A. Contractility
B. Excitability
C. Conductivity
D. Automaticity
30. The ability of the heart muscle cells to respond to an impulse or stimulus is known as:
A. Contractility
B. Excitability
C. Conductivity
D. Automaticity
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System
31. When the sympathetic branch of the ANS (automatic nervous system) is stimulated, the
heart responds by:
A. Speeding up
B. Slowing down
C. Staying the same
D. Becoming depressed
32. What is the heart's response to stimulation of the vagus nerve?
A. Becomes depressed
B. Stays the same
C. Speeds up
D. Slows down
33. The function of the bundle branch system is to:
A. Delay the electrical impulse to allow for the atrial kick to occur
B. Conduct electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles
C. Conduct electrical impulses from the AV node to the Purkinje fibers
D. Distribute the electrical impulse through the myocardium
34. The SA node sends electrical impulses at a rate of:
A. 72-100 bpm
B. 40-60 bpm
C. 20-40 bpm
D. 60-100 bpm
35. The normal pacemaker of the heart, where the electrical impulse for the heartbeat
originates, is the:
A. SA node
B. AV node
C. Bundle branches
D. Ventricles
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System
36. The AV node has several important qualities that help the heart function effectively. All of
these are qualities of the AV node EXCEPT:
A. Causes the delay of electrical impulses, which limits the number of impulses traveling to
the ventricles
B. Allows for a delay to provide time for the blood to travel from the atria to the ventricles
before they contract (atrial kick)
C. Causes a loss of atrial kick
D. Serves as a backup pacemaker if the SA node fails
37. Depolarization of the cells causes the heart muscle to:
A. Relax
B. Refill the chambers of the heart
C. Conduct electrical impulses
D. Contract
38. The P wave represents:
A. Atrial contraction
B. Atrial relaxation
C. Ventricular contraction
D. Ventricular relaxation
39. The T wave represents:
A. Atrial contraction
B. Atrial relaxation
C. Ventricular contraction
D. Ventricular relaxation
True / False Questions
40. The rate at which the AV node sends electrical impulses is 40-60 beats/minute.
True False
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System
41. Repolarization of the heart is also the relaxation phase of the contraction process, which
allows the chambers of the heart to refill.
True False
42. The QRS complex represents the ventricular contraction of the heart.
True False
43. The U wave represents repolarization of the ventricles.
True False
44. The ST segment is the time between the end of ventricular depolarization and the
beginning of ventricular repolarization and is often assessed to determine ischemia or
infarction process in the heart.
True False
45. A normal PR interval is 0.06-0.10 seconds in length.
True False
46. A normal QRS complex is 0.12 to 0.20 seconds in length.
True False
47. The J point is important when measuring the QRS complex because it represents the end
of ventricular depolarization.
True False
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System
48. The PR interval represents the time it takes the electrical current to travel from the SA
node, through the AV node, to the ventricles prior to ventricular contraction.
True False
49. Blood travels from the body to the right side of the heart to the pulmonary circulation and
then returns to the left side of the heart prior to being pumped to the coronary circulation and
systemic circulation.
True False
50. Blood leaves the right ventricle and travels to the lungs via the pulmonary vein.
True False
51. Blood circulation depends on the heart's ability to contract.
True False
52. The process of transporting blood to and from the body tissues is known as conductivity.
True False
53. Blood supplies body tissues with carbon dioxide and removes oxygen and nutrients.
True False
54. The function of the heart is to pump blood to and from all the tissues of the body.
True False
55. In general, men have a faster heartbeat than women.
True False
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System
56. Contraction of the heart is controlled by electrical impulses.
True False
57. Electrical impulses are normally initiated by the ventricles of the heart.
True False
58. Electrical impulses that are carried through the heart by the electrical conduction system
form the basis for the ECG tracing.
True False
59. Cardiac contraction occurs when electrical impulses cause the working cells in the heart to
shorten.
True False
60. The T wave represents atrial depolarization.
True False
61. The period of time between ventricular depolarization and the beginning of ventricular
repolarization is represented on the ECG waveform by the QT interval.
True False
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System
Matching Questions
62. Match the numbers from the figure to the correct structure located on the chest.
______ A. Diaphragm
______ B. Apex of heart
______ C. Intercostal space
______ D. Sternum
______ E. Base of heart
______ F. Midclavicular line
______ G. Heart
Ans: A. 4, B. 6, C. 1, D. 3, E. 2, F. 7, G. 5
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (p. 43) The time from the beginning of atrial depolarization to the beginning of ventricular
depolarization is shown on the ECG waveform as the:
A. QRS complex
B. PR interval
C. QT interval
D. ST segment
When he first discovered the waveforms, Einthoven labeled the waves as P, Q, R, S, and T.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: Identify each part of the ECG waveform.
2. (p. 2) What is recorded on the ECG strip?
A. The electrical activity of the heart
B. The muscle contractions of the heart
C. The circulation of blood in the heart
D. All of the above
The electrical activity of the heart is recorded on the ECG.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: Describe circulation as it relates to the ECG.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
3. (p. 2) The average heart is approximately what size?
A. The size of a baseball
B. The size of your fist
C. The size of a peach
D. The size of your foot
The heart is approximately the size of your fist and weighs 10.6 ounces.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: Recall the structures of the heart, including valves, chambers, and vessels.
4. (p. 3) The outermost layer of the heart is the:
A. Endocardium
B. Myocardium
C. Epicardium
D. Pericardium
The epicardium is the outermost layer and is thin and contains the coronary arteries.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the structures of the heart, including valves, chambers, and vessels.
5. (p. 3) The middle layer of the heart is the:
A. Endocardium
B. Myocardium
C. Epicardium
D. Pericardium
The myocardium is the middle, muscular layer that contracts the heart.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the structures of the heart, including valves, chambers, and vessels.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
6. (p. 3) The innermost layer of the heart is the:
A. Endocardium
B. Myocardium
C. Epicardium
D. Pericardium
The endocardium is the innermost layer and lines the inner surfaces of the heart chambers and
valves.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the structures of the heart, including valves, chambers, and vessels.
7. (p. 2) The sac of tissue that encloses the entire heart is the:
A. Atrium
B. Ventricle
C. Myocardium
D. Pericardium
The pericardium is the sac of tissue that encloses the heart.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the structures of the heart, including valves, chambers, and vessels.
8. (p. 3) The purpose of the pericardium is to:
A. Protect the heart from infection and trauma
B. Contract the heart
C. Circulate blood through the coronary arteries
D. Keep blood flow headed in the right direction
The purpose of the pericardium is to protect the heart from infection and trauma.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the structures of the heart, including valves, chambers, and vessels.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
9. (p. 3) The heart is divided into four chambers. The top chambers are:
A. Right atrium, right ventricle
B. Left atrium, left ventricle
C. Right atrium, left atrium
D. Right ventricle, left ventricle
The top chambers of the heart are the right atrium and the left atrium.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the structures of the heart, including valves, chambers, and vessels.
10. (p. 3) The heart is divided into four chambers. The bottom chambers are:
A. Right atrium, right ventricle
B. Left atrium, left ventricle
C. Right atrium, left atrium
D. Right ventricle, left ventricle
The bottom chambers are the right ventricle and the left ventricle.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the structures of the heart, including valves, chambers, and vessels.
11. (p. 4) The valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle is the:
A. Mitral (bicuspid) valve
B. Tricuspid valve
C. Aortic valve
D. Pulmonary valve
The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the structures of the heart, including valves, chambers, and vessels.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
12. (p. 4) The valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle is the:
A. Mitral (bicuspid) valve
B. Tricuspid valve
C. Aortic valve
D. Pulmonary valve
The mitral (bicuspid) valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the structures of the heart, including valves, chambers, and vessels.
13. (p. 4) The tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid) valves are known as _____ because they separate
the atria from the ventricles.
A. Semilunar valves
B. Pulmonary valves
C. Atrioventricular (AV) valves
D. Aortic valves
The tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid) valves are known as atrioventricular (AV) valves because
they separate the atria from the ventricles.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the structures of the heart, including valves, chambers, and vessels.
14. (p. 4) The _____ valves separate the ventricles from the arteries leading to the lungs or
body.
A. Tricuspid
B. Semilunar
C. Mitral (bicuspid)
D. Atrioventricular (AV)
The semilunar valves separate the ventricles from the arteries leading to the lungs or body.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: Recall the structures of the heart, including valves, chambers, and vessels.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
15. (p. 4) Name the two semilunar valves.
A. Pulmonary, mitral
B. Aortic, tricuspid
C. Tricuspid, mitral
D. Aortic, pulmonary
The pulmonary artery and the aorta each have a semilunar valve.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the structures of the heart, including valves, chambers, and vessels.
16. (p. 6) Blood returns to the heart via the veins. The largest vein is the:
A. Vena cava
B. Cava vena
C. Jugular
D. Subclavian
The largest vein in the body is the vena cava.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the structures of the heart, including valves, chambers, and vessels.
17. (p. 7) Oxygenated blood travels through the heart via the:
A. Pulmonary arteries
B. Peripheral venous system
C. Coronary arteries
D. All of the above
Oxygenated blood travels through the aorta to the coronary arteries.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Differentiate between pulmonary, systemic, and coronary circulation.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
18. (p. 4) The valves located in the heart are important because they:
A. Act like a door
B. Prevent blood from flowing backwards
C. Form electrical conduction through the heart
D. Allow for good blood flow to the body
The flaps or cusps in the valves open to allow blood flow, then close to prevent the backflow
of blood.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the structures of the heart, including valves, chambers, and vessels.
19. (p. 6) Blood that leaves the right ventricle is considered:
A. Deoxygenated
B. Systemic
C. Peripheral venous return
D. All of the above
When the heart contracts, the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the
pulmonary artery.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the structures of the heart, including valves, chambers, and vessels.
20. (p. 7) What are the first vessels to branch off the aorta?
A. Coronary arteries
B. Capillaries
C. Venae cavae
D. Pulmonary arteries
Oxygenated blood from the left ventricle travels through the aorta to the coronary arteries.
These arteries branch to supply oxygenated blood to the entire heart.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Differentiate between pulmonary, systemic, and coronary circulation.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
21. (p. 9) The volume of blood pumped each minute is referred to as:
A. Cardiac cycle
B. Cardiac output
C. Stroke volume
D. Systole
The volume of blood pumped each minute is referred to as cardiac output.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Differentiate between pulmonary, systemic, and coronary circulation.
22. (p. 9) The volume of blood ejected with each contraction is referred to as:
A. Cardiac cycle
B. Cardiac output
C. Stroke volume
D. Systole
The volume of blood ejected with each contraction is referred to as stroke volume.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Differentiate between pulmonary, systemic, and coronary circulation.
23. (p. 9) The "lubb" and "dupp" sounds you hear are made by the:
A. The opening and closing of the heart valves
B. The atria contracting
C. The ventricles contracting
D. Blood flow through the heart
These sounds are made by the opening and closing of the heart valves.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Explain the cardiac cycle, and relate the difference between systole and diastole.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
24. (p. 9) The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart is expanding and refilling, also known
as the relaxation phase, is:
A. Systole
B. Diastole
C. Automaticity
D. Conductivity
As the heart relaxes, it is expanding and refilling. The relaxation phase of the heart is known
as diastole.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Explain the cardiac cycle, and relate the difference between systole and diastole.
25. (p. 9) The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart is pumping blood out to the body, also
known as the contraction phase, is:
A. Systole
B. Diastole
C. Automaticity
D. Conductivity
When the heart contracts, it is squeezing blood out to the body. The contraction phase is
known as systole.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Explain the cardiac cycle, and relate the difference between systole and diastole.
26. (p. 9) Together, the contraction and relaxation of the heart make up:
A. Systole
B. Diastole
C. The cardiac cycle
D. Coronary circulation
Systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation) of the heart make up the cardiac cycle
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Explain the cardiac cycle, and relate the difference between systole and diastole.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
27. (p. 10) The heart's own ability to initiate an electrical impulse without being stimulated by
another source is known as:
A. Contractility
B. Excitability
C. Conductivity
D. Automaticity
Automaticity is the ability of the heart to initiate an electrical impulse.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the unique qualities of the heart and their relationship to the cardiac conduction system.
28. (p. 11) The ability of the heart cells to receive and transmit an electrical impulse is known
as:
A. Contractility
B. Excitability
C. Conductivity
D. Automaticity
Conductivity is the ability of the heart cells to receive and transmit an electrical impulse.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the unique qualities of the heart and their relationship to the cardiac conduction system.
29. (p. 11) The ability of the heart muscle cells to shorten in response to an electrical impulse is
known as:
A. Contractility
B. Excitability
C. Conductivity
D. Automaticity
Contractility is the ability of the heart muscle cells to shorten in response to an electrical
stimulus.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the unique qualities of the heart and their relationship to the cardiac conduction system.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
30. (p. 11) The ability of the heart muscle cells to respond to an impulse or stimulus is known
as:
A. Contractility
B. Excitability
C. Conductivity
D. Automaticity
Excitability is the ability of the heart muscle cells to respond to an impulse or stimulus.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the unique qualities of the heart and their relationship to the cardiac conduction system.
31. (p. 11) When the sympathetic branch of the ANS (automatic nervous system) is stimulated,
the heart responds by:
A. Speeding up
B. Slowing down
C. Staying the same
D. Becoming depressed
When the sympathetic branch of the ANS is stimulated, it speeds up the heart.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Outcome: Recall the unique qualities of the heart and their relationship to the cardiac conduction system.
32. (p. 11) What is the heart's response to stimulation of the vagus nerve?
A. Becomes depressed
B. Stays the same
C. Speeds up
D. Slows down
Stimulation of the vagus nerve slows the heart.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Outcome: Recall the unique qualities of the heart and their relationship to the cardiac conduction system.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
33. (p. 12) The function of the bundle branch system is to:
A. Delay the electrical impulse to allow for the atrial kick to occur
B. Conduct electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles
C. Conduct electrical impulses from the AV node to the Purkinje fibers
D. Distribute the electrical impulse through the myocardium
The bundle branches conduct electrical impulses from the AV node to the Purkinje fibers.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Outcome: Describe the parts and function of the conduction system.
34. (p. 12) The SA node sends electrical impulses at a rate of:
A. 72-100 bpm
B. 40-60 bpm
C. 20-40 bpm
D. 60-100 bpm
The SA node fires at about 60 to 100 times per minute.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Describe the parts and function of the conduction system.
35. (p. 12) The normal pacemaker of the heart, where the electrical impulse for the heartbeat
originates, is the:
A. SA node
B. AV node
C. Bundle branches
D. Ventricles
The sinoatrial (SA) node is the pacemaker of the heart and initiates the heartbeat.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: Describe the parts and function of the conduction system.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
36. (p. 40) The AV node has several important qualities that help the heart function effectively.
All of these are qualities of the AV node EXCEPT:
A. Causes the delay of electrical impulses, which limits the number of impulses traveling to
the ventricles
B. Allows for a delay to provide time for the blood to travel from the atria to the ventricles
before they contract (atrial kick)
C. Causes a loss of atrial kick
D. Serves as a backup pacemaker if the SA node fails
The AV node causes a delay in the electrical impulse, which provides time for additional
blood to travel from the atria to the ventricles before they contract. This additional blood is
known as the atrial kick.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Outcome: Describe the parts and function of the conduction system.
37. (p. 42) Depolarization of the cells causes the heart muscle to:
A. Relax
B. Refill the chambers of the heart
C. Conduct electrical impulses
D. Contract
Depolarization is the most important electrical event in the heart—it causes the heart to
contract and pump blood to the body.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Identify each part of the ECG waveform.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
38. (p. 43) The P wave represents:
A. Atrial contraction
B. Atrial relaxation
C. Ventricular contraction
D. Ventricular relaxation
The P wave represents atrial depolarization with resulting atrial contraction.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Describe the heart activity that produces the ECG waveform.
39. (p. 43) The T wave represents:
A. Atrial contraction
B. Atrial relaxation
C. Ventricular contraction
D. Ventricular relaxation
The T wave represents ventricular repolarization or relaxation.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Describe the heart activity that produces the ECG waveform.
True / False Questions
40. (p. 40) The rate at which the AV node sends electrical impulses is 40-60 beats/minute.
TRUE
The AV node fires at a rate of 40-60 bpm. This is known as the inherent rate of the AV node.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Recall the unique qualities of the heart and their relationship to the cardiac conduction system.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
41. (p. 42) Repolarization of the heart is also the relaxation phase of the contraction process,
which allows the chambers of the heart to refill.
TRUE
Repolarization is when the heart muscle cells return to their resting electrical state and the
heart muscle relaxes.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Identify each part of the ECG waveform.
42. (p. 43) The QRS complex represents the ventricular contraction of the heart.
TRUE
The QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization and resulting ventricular contraction.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Describe the heart activity that produces the ECG waveform.
43. (p. 43) The U wave represents repolarization of the ventricles.
FALSE
The U wave represents the repolarization of the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Describe the heart activity that produces the ECG waveform.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
44. (p. 43) The ST segment is the time between the end of ventricular depolarization and the
beginning of ventricular repolarization and is often assessed to determine ischemia or
infarction process in the heart.
TRUE
The ST segment is the time between ventricular depolarization and the beginning of
ventricular repolarization and is used to determine ischemia.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Outcome: Describe the heart activity that produces the ECG waveform.
45. (p. 44) A normal PR interval is 0.06-0.10 seconds in length.
FALSE
A normal PR interval is 0.12 to 0.20 seconds in length.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Describe the heart activity that produces the ECG waveform.
46. (p. 45) A normal QRS complex is 0.12 to 0.20 seconds in length.
FALSE
A normal QRS complex is 0.06 to 0.10 seconds in length.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Describe the heart activity that produces the ECG waveform.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
47. (p. 45) The J point is important when measuring the QRS complex because it represents the
end of ventricular depolarization.
TRUE
The J point is the junction of the QRS interval and the ST interval. It represents the end of the
QRS complex and ventricular depolarization.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Describe the heart activity that produces the ECG waveform.
48. (p. 44) The PR interval represents the time it takes the electrical current to travel from the
SA node, through the AV node, to the ventricles prior to ventricular contraction.
TRUE
The PR interval represents the time the electrical impulse is initiated until the ventricles are
stimulated by the impulse to start the contraction.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Describe the heart activity that produces the ECG waveform.
49. (p. 33) Blood travels from the body to the right side of the heart to the pulmonary circulation
and then returns to the left side of the heart prior to being pumped to the coronary circulation
and systemic circulation.
TRUE
The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body systems. The right side of the
heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Differentiate between pulmonary, systemic, and coronary circulation.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
50. (p. 34) Blood leaves the right ventricle and travels to the lungs via the pulmonary vein.
FALSE
Blood leaves the right ventricle and travels to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Differentiate between pulmonary, systemic, and coronary circulation.
51. (p. 29) Blood circulation depends on the heart's ability to contract.
TRUE
Circulation of the blood is dependent upon the heart and its ability to contract or beat.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: Describe circulation as it relates to the ECG.
52. (p. 29) The process of transporting blood to and from the body tissues is known as
conductivity.
FALSE
The process of transporting blood to and from the body tissues is known as circulation.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Describe circulation as it relates to the ECG.
53. (p. 29) Blood supplies body tissues with carbon dioxide and removes oxygen and nutrients.
FALSE
Blood supplies body tissues with nutrients and oxygen and removes carbon dioxide and other
wastes.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Describe circulation as it relates to the ECG.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
54. (p. 29) The function of the heart is to pump blood to and from all the tissues of the body.
TRUE
The function of the heart is to pump blood to and from all the tissues of the body.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: Describe circulation as it relates to the ECG.
55. (p. 37) In general, men have a faster heartbeat than women.
FALSE
In general, women have a faster heartbeat than men.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: Explain the cardiac cycle, and relate the difference between systole and diastole.
56. (p. 38) Contraction of the heart is controlled by electrical impulses.
TRUE
Electrical impulses stimulate contraction of the heart, and the absence of electrical impulses
allows the heart muscle to relax.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: Explain the conduction system as it relates to the ECG.
57. (p. 38) Electrical impulses are normally initiated by the ventricles of the heart.
FALSE
Electrical impulses are initiated by specialized pacemaker cells in the heart.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: Describe the parts and function of the conduction system.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
58. (p. 38) Electrical impulses that are carried through the heart by the electrical conduction
system form the basis for the ECG tracing.
TRUE
Electrical impulses that are carried through the heart by the electrical conduction system form
the basis for the ECG tracing.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: Explain the conduction system as it relates to the ECG.
59. (p. 38) Cardiac contraction occurs when electrical impulses cause the working cells in the
heart to shorten.
TRUE
Cardiac contraction occurs when electrical impulses cause the working cells in the heart to
shorten.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: Explain the conduction system as it relates to the ECG.
60. (p. 43) The T wave represents atrial depolarization.
FALSE
The T wave represents ventricular repolarization.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: Explain the conduction system as it relates to the ECG.
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Chapter 02 The Cardiovascular System Key
61. (p. 43) The period of time between ventricular depolarization and the beginning of
ventricular repolarization is represented on the ECG waveform by the QT interval.
TRUE
The period of time between ventricular depolarization and the beginning of ventricular
repolarization is represented on the ECG waveform by the QT interval.
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: Explain the conduction system as it relates to the ECG.
Matching Questions
62. (p. 30) Match the numbers from the figure to the correct structure located on the chest.
______ A. Diaphragm
______ B. Apex of heart
______ C. Intercostal space
______ D. Sternum
______ E. Base of heart
______ F. Midclavicular line
______ G. Heart
Ans: A. 4, B. 6, C. 1, D. 3, E. 2, F. 7, G. 5
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Outcome: Recall the structures of the heart, including valves, chambers, and vessels.
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