* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Chapter 4 4.1 Defining the Atom • Early Models of the Atom atom
Stoichiometry wikipedia , lookup
Nuclear binding energy wikipedia , lookup
Chemical thermodynamics wikipedia , lookup
Strengthening mechanisms of materials wikipedia , lookup
Condensed matter physics wikipedia , lookup
Resonance (chemistry) wikipedia , lookup
X-ray fluorescence wikipedia , lookup
Hypervalent molecule wikipedia , lookup
Periodic table wikipedia , lookup
Metallic bonding wikipedia , lookup
Electronegativity wikipedia , lookup
Atomic orbital wikipedia , lookup
Elementary particle wikipedia , lookup
Nuclear transmutation wikipedia , lookup
Isotopic labeling wikipedia , lookup
Chemical element wikipedia , lookup
Geiger–Marsden experiment wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry wikipedia , lookup
Extended periodic table wikipedia , lookup
Molecular dynamics wikipedia , lookup
Electron configuration wikipedia , lookup
Chemical bond wikipedia , lookup
History of chemistry wikipedia , lookup
Atomic nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Chemistry: A Volatile History wikipedia , lookup
IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005 wikipedia , lookup
October 14, 2016 Chapter 4 4.1 Defining the Atom • Early Models of the Atom atom - smallest particles of an element that retains it's identity in a chemical reaction • Democritu's Atomic Philosophy (460 BC - 370 BC) - Atoms are: - Indivisible - Indestructible - He didn't: - Explain chemical behavior - have experimental support • Dalton's Atomic Theory(1766-1844) 1) All elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms 2) Atoms of the same element are identical. Atoms of any one element are different from those of any other element 3) Atoms of different elements can physically mix together or can chemically combine in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds. 4) Chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated from each other, joined, or rearranged in a different combination. Atoms of one element, however, are never changed into atoms of another element as a result of a chemical reaction. October 14, 2016 Sizing up the Atom • Pure copper coin the size of a penny contains about 2 x 1022 - earth's population is about 7 x 109 people • Can see individual atoms with a scanning e- microscope A scanning electron microscope was used to produce this color-enhanced image of nickel atoms October 14, 2016 4.2 Structure of the Nuclear Atom • Subatomic particles - 3 types: electrons eprotons p+ neutrons n0 • J.J. Thomson (1856-1940) - Discovered e- using a cathode ray tube Robert A. Millikan (1869-1953) experimentally determined the charge and mass of an electron with his oil drop experiment • Eugen Goldstein (1850-1930) discovered protons using a cathode ray tube in 1886 • James Chadwick (1891-1974) discovered the neutron in 1932 • Theoretical physicists believe that protons and neutrons are made up of quarks October 14, 2016 The Atomic Nucleus J.J. Thomson had the plum-pudding model (blueberry muffin) Rutherford's gold-foil experiment (1911) - discovered the nucleus of the atom. October 14, 2016 Homework: P 104 # 6-8 P 109 # 11,13,14,15 P 122 # 40-43, 45,46