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Dictionary for Abbreviation:
WWW inventor Tim Berners-Lee
Akamai—Hawaiian for intelligent and clever and informally cool.
global internet content delivery (world-wide wait)
ADSL
AES
Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line (Dnload 8Mb, Up800Kb)
Advanced Encryption Standard (Belgium, Rijndael encryption algorithm)
US Dept Commerce announced 10/2/2000.Will replace DES (data encryption
standard. Rijndael was developed by Belgian cryptographers Joan Daemen of Proton
World International and Vincent Rijmen of Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Each
candidate algorithm was required to support key sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits. They
were evaluated for the strength of their security as well as for their speed and
versatility across a variety of computer platforms. According to NIST, Rijndael was
selected because it had the best combination of security, performance, efficiency,
implementability and flexibility. A technical analysis of the AES candidates is posted
on NIST's Web site. http://csrc.nist.gov/encryption/aes/
Singh 12 日將 1 萬英鎊（15,000 美元）的獎金頒給由 Fredrik Almgren 為首的瑞典密碼破解小組
時說：「這是歷來被破解的密碼中，難度最高的。」 Almgren 從事網際網路安全工作，他與軟
體開發人員 Torbjorn Granlund，以及三位來自斯德哥爾摩皇家技術學院的電腦高手共同研究密碼
破解之道。
AGCT
APIA
APNG
APNIC
APTLD
ARP
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine—four nucleotide bases
Asia & Pacific Internet Association
Asia Pacific Networking Group
Asia Pacific Network Information Center
Asia Pacific Top Level Domain
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a
protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol
address (IP address) to a physical machine address that is recognized in the local network.
ARM
ASO
ASP
ATM
AWT
Beowulf
Address Support Organization (See DNSO, PSO)
Active Server Pages (Server side scripting environment)
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Abstract Windows Toolkit
a kind of high-performance massively parallel computer built
primarily out of commodity hardware components, running a free-software
operating system like Linux or FreeBSD, interconnected by a private
high-speed network.
It consists of a cluster of PCs or workstations
dedicated to running high-performance computing tasks.
The nodes in
the cluster don't sit on people's desks; they are dedicated to running
cluster jobs.
It is usually connected to the outside world through
only a single node.
BIND
BIND
Berkeley Internet Name Domain (is vulnerable in older versions)
Biomolecular Interaction Network Database (blueprint WORLDWIDE, a
non-profit organization by IBM and MDS proteomics, will maintain) New Company
Founded by IBM and MDS Proteomics will Help Accelerate Drug Discovery with the
World's Most Comprehensive Collection of Biomolecular Data
BLAST Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
BGP
Border Gateway Protocol
Bluetooth (Harald Bluetooth, King of Norway..) 2.45GHz, 10m-100m 1Mb/sec,
1998 Wireless IEEE802.11
C4ISR Command, Control, Communication, Computer, Intelligence,
Surveillence, Reconnaissance 指管通資情監偵
CBETA
CCIRN
CcTLD
CDMA
CDE
CDN
CDSP
CDWA
CIDR
CIMI
CIX
Cookie
Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association
Coordinating Committee for Inter-Continental Research Networking
Country Code Top Level Domain
Code Division Multiple Access (See also TDMA)
Cash, Distribution,Engineering
Content Delivery Network
Content Delivery Service Provider (Akamai e.g.)
Categories for the Description of Works of Art
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
Consortium for Computer Interchange of Museum Information
Commercial Internet Exchange
A cookie is a way for web sites to recognize whether or not you have
visited the site before. It is a piece of data given to a browser by a
web server, so that the browser will hand it back to the server on
subsequent visits. Bank One uses cookies in places where you need
to register, such as Bank One OnLine Services, or where you are able
to customize the information you see. Recording a cookie at such
points makes your online experience easier and more
personalized.
CNRI
Corporation for National Research Initiatives GHR Global Handle
Registry
CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture
COTS
Commodity off the shelf
CRM
CSCW
CSDGM
CSS
Customer Relationship Management
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Cascading Style Sheets (adding style to web document) W3C.org
See XSL
DARPA
DDOS
DHCP
DICOM
DES
DMCA
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DMZ
DNSO
DTD
DWDM
EAD
EBTI
ECAI
EIP
ENUM
ERP
ESP
EST
ETSI
EXIF
FDDI
FGDC
FMC
GILS
GPRS
GRE
GSM
Distributed Denial-of-Service attack
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Digital Imaging and COmmunication in Medicine
Data Encryption Standard ( Kerberos MIT)
Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which bars companies from
distributing technology that can bypass copyright protection
measures.
DeMilitarized Zone
Domain Name Support Organization (See ASO, PSO)
Document Type Description (CommerceNet Co.)
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Encoded Archival Description
Electronic Buddhist Text Initiative
Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative
Enterprise Information Portal
tElephone Number Mapping services (resolution) mapping to DNS
address
Enterprise Resource Planning
Encapsulating Security Payload
(3 main components of IPSec: Key Management-security
association, Authentication Header, and ESP)
Expressed Sequence Tags single pass cDNA sequences
European Telecommunication Standard Institute
Exchangeable Image File Format
Fiber Distributed Data Interface
Federal Geographic Data Committee
Fixed-Mobile Convergence
Government Information Locator Service
General Packet Radio Service
Generic Routing Encapsulation (one of main tunneling protocols:
IPsec, PPTP, L2TP and GRE)
Global System for Mobile Communication
HTTP
HUGO
HGNC
ICANN
ICMP
ICR
IDE
IDNS
IETF
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Human Genome Organization
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee
http://www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/nomenclature/
International Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
Internet Control Message Protocol
Intelligent Character Recognition
Integrated Development Environment
Internationalized Domain Name System
Internet Engineering Task Force--a volunteer organization which defines
protocols for use on the Internet
IETM
Interactive Electronic Technical Manual
IMLS
Institute of Museum and Library Services
IP-RAN IP based Radio Access Network
IPSEC
IP security Protocol
ISOC
Internet Society
ISUP
Signaling system 7 ISDN User Part
ITSEC
Information Tech. Security Evaluation and Certification Scheme
ITU
International Telecommunication Union
JDK
Java Development Kit
JFC/Swing
Java Foundation Classes
JPEG
Joint Photographic Experts Group
JSDT
Java Shared Data Toolkit
J2ME platform JavaTM 2 Platform, Micro Edition
http://java.sun.com/j2me/
J2SE (standard edition) J2EE (enterprise edition)
LAPDm Link Access Protocol for Dm channel
LDAP
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
L2TP
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (both control/data packet thru UDP)
cf. PPTP control packet via TCP, data packet uses GRE via IP
LOM
Learning Object Metadata
http://ltsc.ieee.org/doc/wg12/LOM-WD3.htm
MAC
Media Access Control address
MARC MAchine Readable Cataloging
MCU
Multipoint Conferencing Unit
Megaco Media Gateway control
MIDI
Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a music industry standard communications
protocol that lets MIDI instruments and sequencers (or computers running
sequencer software) talk to each other to play and record music.
MIME
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions: S/MIME(Secure)
MIME extends the format of Internet mail to allow non-US-ASCII
textual messages, non-textual messages, multipart message bodies,
and non-US-ASCII information in message
http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/MIME/MIME.html
MMS
MPEG
MINC
MTBF
MRP
NAP
NARA
NCSA
Multimedia Messaging Service (Nokia)
Moving Picture Experts Group
Multilingual Internet Names Consortium
Mean Time Between Failures
Material Requirement Planning
Network Access Point
NSDI
National Spatial Data Infrastructure
NPACI
New Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure, UCSD
Another PACI program center, develops a knowledge-based Info.
Infrastructure to link HPComputers, data servers and archival
storage systems, providing access to distributed computing power
and info. resources.
Network Information Center
National Infrastructure Protection Center
155M OC12 622M OC48 2.4G OC192 9.6G OC768 40G
Optical Character Recognition
Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development
Ontology Inference Layer is obviously a semantic web technology, and
NIC
NPIC
OC3
OCR
OECD
OIL
National Archives and Records Administration
National Computational Science Alliance (formerly National Center
for Supercomputing Applications) one of the two knowledge
centers under the new PACI program (to build a national
technology grid, integrating instruments, computers,
communications and databases via Internet (&NGI) to form a
powerful PSE and collaborative scientific experiments.)
according to the OIL FAQ OIL is intended to solve the findability problem,
support e-commerce, and enable knowledge management
http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tmrdfoildaml.html
OLE
Object Link and Embedding: OLE Automation allows applications to
communicate, exchange data, and control one another. It allows a client
application to create and control an object, using the exposed object's interface.
An Automation object is an object that is exposed to other applications or
programming tools through Automation interfaces.
PACI
Partnerships for Advanced Computational Infrastructure NSF 1997
PACS
Picture Archiving Communication System
PAP
Password Authentication Protocol
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PCS
Personal Communication System
PDA
Personal Digital Assistant
PDF
Portable Document Format
PDM
Product Data Management
PDU
Protocol Data Unit
PGP
Pretty Good Privacy (secure and signed E-mail transmission) Philip
Zimmermann, the inventor of the encryption protocol, left Network Associates
and joins Hush Communication, Dublin-Ireland based.
PHP
PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor - free server-side HTML embedded scripting
language.
PLMN
Public Land for Mobile Networks
PICS
Platform for Internet Content Selection
PKI
Public Key Infrastructure
PLM
Product Lifecycle Management
POP
Point of Presence
POS
Packet over SONET
PPTP
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
PSO
Protocol Support Organization (See ASO, DNSO)
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network
PTO
Public Telecommunications Operator
PWM
Pulse Width Modulation
www.instantweb.com/o/oddparts/acsi/defines/pwm.htm
P3P
Platform for Privacy Preferences Project
RDF
Resource Description Framework
An infrastructure that enables the encoding, exchange and reuse of
structured metadata (D-Lib magazine, May 1998,
www.dlib.org/dlib/may98/miller/05miller.html
An application of XML that imposes structural constraints to provide
unambiguous methods of expressing semantics. (Defines a resource as
any object uniquely identifiable by a URI-uniform resource identifier)
RPM
Regenerative Power & Motion
(http://home.earthlink.net/~fradella/homepage.htm)
RTR
Response Time Reporter (Cisco’s tool incorporated in hardware OS)
RTR has a number of capabilities, but in essence what it does is send
out network echo response packets, gathers the response information
and then provides a basic report. It's also possible to measure jitter
(variations in the timing between electronic pulses that can introduce
errors), variation in delay and packet loss across the network, as well
as create custom packets that mimic the behaviour of traffic generated
by specific applications.
RSI
Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)。中文釋為重複施緊傷害。
RSVP
SAP
SAP
SAS
SCM
SCORM
Resource Reservation Protocol
Service Access Points
Systems, Applications, Products in Data Processing.
Subscribers’ Auditing System
Supply Chain Management
Shareable Content Object Reference Model Initiative
http://xml.coverpages.org/scorm.html
SDH
SEER
SET
SGML
SIP
SMIL
SNP
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
Scholars Engaged in Electronic Resources
Secure Electronic Transaction
Standard Generalized Markup Language
Session Initiation Protocol ENUM
Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (W3C) 1.0
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (for use in Mapping genetic
distinctions)
SNP
Security Network Protocols developed by Chiao Tung Univ.
SOHO
Small Office Home Office
SOP
Standards of Procedure
SS7
common channel signaling system #7 (or C7)
SSO
Single Sign On
SSL
Secure Sockets Layer
STARTAP
Science, Technology and Research Transit Access Point
STS
Sequence of Tagged Sites (STS content mapping)
http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/94SANTA/informatics/alizadeh.html
STM
Synchronous Transfer Mode
SVG
scalable vector graphics http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/
(Available as: PDF, zip archive of HTML)
SyncML
SyncML is intended as a common language which enables the smooth and efficient
synchronization of personal and business information over fixed or mobile networks. Its aim is to
facilitate the synchronization of networked information with various devices running SyncML
compatible applications. (NoKia)
UMLS
TDMA
TEI
UCAID
Unified Medicine Language System (National Library of Medicine)
Time Division Multiple Access (See also CDMA)
Text Encoding Initiative
University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development
(Internet 2) complements NGI
UPS
Uninterruptible Power Supplies
VBNS
very high speed Backbone Network Service
VAI
VBNS Approved Institution
VPI
VBNS Partner Institution
VRML Virtual Reality Markup (Modeling) Language
W3C
World Wide Web Consortium
WAP
Wireless Application Protocol
WDM
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
WfMC Workflow Management Coalition http://www.wfmc.org/
WIPO
World Intellectual Property Organization
WML
Wireless Markup Language (a compressed XML)
WSP
Wireless Service Provider
XHTML Extensible Hypertext Markup Language
XML
Extensible Markup Language
XSL
Extensible Stylesheet Language (W3C)
An XSL sheet and automatically generate a table of contents by
Extracting all chapter titles from a document. (transform document
Structure) see CSS
XSLT
XSL Transformation
Anyone using XML can now take advantage of XSLT, a powerful new tool for
manipulating, converting or styling documents, XPath adds a simple way of
referring to parts of an XML document. Together, they strike a fine balance
between simplicity of use and underlying power."
YAC
Yeast Artificial Chromosome library http://www.cephb.fr/ceph_yac.html