Download Afghanistan - Blended Schools

AFGHANISTAN
Identify/explain factors historically leading to instability in
Afghanistan
•
•Pashtunwali
•Explain
US involvement in Afghanistan from 1979-present day
•Mujahideen
HW FOR MONDAY:
Audio lesson on blackboard with notes
document
 Be able to answer:


Explain the relationship between the US and Iran from the 1950s - present







Shah of Iran
Mohammed Mossadeq
Ayatollah Khomeini
Iranian Hostage crisis
Iran-Iraq War
USS Vincennes
Uranium Enrichment
Pentagon powerpoint slide
MAP AND IMPORTANT DATA

Capital: Kabul


Area: 251,825 sq mi; slightly
smaller than Texas
Population: 31,056,997 (July
2006 estimate)
80% Sunni Muslim, 19% Shia
Muslim

Main ethnic groups: Pashtun,
Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek

GDP per capita: purchasing power
parity - $800 (2004 estimate)

Over 80% of labor force is
employed in agriculture (farming,
sheep, goats)

Covered by an estimated 5-7
million landmines

Leading illicit opium producer in
2005 supplying 89% of the opium
produced in the world. 1/3 of the
GDP comes from opium trade

Afghanistan joins railroad era
ETHNIC GROUPS MAP
Pashtun: largest ethnic group,
mostly farmers and Sunni
Muslims
Tajik: live mostly in the
northeast, second largest
ethnic group, mostly Sunni
Muslims
Hazara: live in the Hindu Kush
mountains, primarily Shiite
Muslims
Uzbek: live mostly along the
northern border, mostly Sunni
Muslims
Aimaqs: a farming and herding
tribe in the west, mostly Sunni
Muslims
Turkmen and Kirghiz: nomadic
herders and craftsmen, mostly
Sunni Muslims
Baluch: nomadic tribe living in
the southern deserts, Sunni
Muslims
TYPICAL AFGHAN VILLAGE
PASHTUNWALI



Unwritten code, means “way of the Pashtuns”
Over 3000 years old, predates Islam
Has 9 main principles:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Hospitality regardless of race, religion, ect.
Asylum to someone who needs it from their enemies. Person must be
protected at all costs
Seek justice or revenge against wrongdoer – whether it is injustice
committed today or 1000 years ago. Only way of seeking revenge is
through bloodshed.
Bravery – must always defend land, family and women
Loyalty to friends, family, tribe
Righteousness
Trust in god
Respect others, especially those you do not know (golden rule)
Honor of women – at all costs. From vocal or physical harm.
HISTORY – TRADITIONALLY A BUFFER STATE
RUSSIAN

1933-73: Pro
West Ruler Zahir
Shah rules
Afghanistan. Very
stable
1979 – SOVIETS INVADE TO PROP UP
COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT
Afghan
populace in
revolt against
atheist
government
 US aids
mujahedeen
in war against
USSR from
1979-89

AFTER SOVIET WITHDRAWAL, CIVIL WAR
FOLLOWS
 Taliban bring order to chaos and war
 Take over most of country by 1996
US INVADES 2001
Taliban had provided asylum to Osama bin
Laden and Al Qaeda (Pashtunwali)
 After 9/11, refused to hand him over
 Much of Al Qaeda and Taliban escape into
mountains along border
 Taliban has reasserted power since 2004

SINCE 9/11 – AFGHANISTAN

Attempted to set up working
democracy




Hamid Karzai president of increasingly
corrupt govt. from 2004-2014
Taliban begins to reassert self from
2004- present
Opium production continues as major
issue
US utilized troop surge tactic in
closing years of war. Currently no US
combat troops
TROOP LEVELS
2013= ~38,000
 At peak in 2011: ~91,000
 In 2008 – 35,000

INTERNATIONAL IMPACT
Worldwide potential drug production, 1998–2001 (in metric tons)
Drug
1998
1999
2000
2001
Total Coca
586,100
613,400
664,200
655,800
Bolivia
52,900
22,800
26,800
20,200
Colombia
437,600
521,400
583,000
583,000*
Peru
95,600
69,200
54,400
52,600
4,486
4,280
5,010
1,236
2,340
2,861
3,656
74
66
37
11
5
Subtotal
SW Asia
2,406
2,898
3,667
79
Burma
1,750
1,090
1,085
865
Laos
140
140
210
200
Thailand
16
6
6
6
Vietnam
20
11
15
15
Coca
Opium
Total Opium
Afghanistan
Pakistan
Afghanistan 2
 Living with the Taliban
