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Quiz#2 Preparation Look through your notes for the first 2 minutes before class Hand in your Charts on Absolute monarchs AIM: SW understand how to organize and develop a thematic essay DO NOW: 11.3.2011 1. Have notebooks out, but not set up Assignments: HW#4 – Essay outline sheet due Friday HW#5 Notes 140-143 due Monday Standards: II World History Theme Essay: Political Systems You need to select TWO political systems, but I am mandating that you select … Absolute Monarchy Limited or Constitutional Monarchy You need to select TWO nations that have been adopted these political systems What two nations would best fit that we’ve covered? France – Absolute Monarchy England – Limited or Constitutional Monarchy Divine Right – Absolutism – monarch has complete authority over all subjects lives Taxes War Make laws Centralize Power - AIM: How did the Great Chain of Being order European Society? DO NOW: 12.9.2009 1. Set up your notes “Great Chain of Being” 2. Remember outline of Theme Essay due Thursday The Great Chain of Being What does this picture mean? The Great Chain of Being What is it? A classical and Western medieval concept of God's strict and natural hierarchical structure of the universe. Key themes of GCB: 1. Obedience 2. No Social Mobility 3. Paternalism: Those at upper end of chain had a responsibility to look after those at bottom of chain like a father (God ) 4. Deference: In return, those at the bottom had to defer to those at the top with obedience, allegiance, and respect. (Pay taxes, fix roads, give wall) Mankind’s Hierarchy General Hierarchy Closest to top you are, closest to God you become Mankind is suspended between Angels & Animals Man’s Hierarchy King (God’s Lieutenant) Aristocrats Peasants “A man’s nature runs to either herbs or weeds.” Owners of land (+) Renters (-) The Poor Homeless, and lived hand to mouth Great Chain of Being Antithesis to the Chain: Capitalism & rise of cities during the Renaissance Middle class grows Conflicting chains of Papacy and King? Mobility happens Who is higher and closer to God? Protestant Reformation: Challenges the Chain. HW#1 Theme Essay outline Introductions Use the statement in the box and edit it to fit your topics Example: Use the sentence to fit your thesis Political, economic, and social conditions have often led to turning points in history. The collapse of the Soviet Union and China’s Communist Revolution signaled key turning points in history. Both of these turning points changed the course of human history. Textbook 202-205 commercial revolution 8-12 Neolithic Rev Roman Empire is all in pg. 148-151 Scientific Revolution In order to understand the ramifications of the Scientific Revolution, we have to go back to the Great Chain of Being Let’s look back at our notes from that day and see how the Universe was thought to be AIM: How did the Scientific Revolution alter the way Europeans viewed the universe and mankind? DO NOW: 11.4.2011 1. Set up your notes titled “Scientific Revolution” Assignments: HW#4 – Essay outline chart HW#5 Notes pgs. 140-143, (Per. 8) 179-183 Standards: II World History Scientific Revolution: A 17th century Intellectual Revolution movement Modern science did not exist until the 17th century as we know it. Word scientist did not exist until the 1830s! Man thought the world was too complex to understand because it was created by GOD However, the S.R. challenges Man’s greatest beliefs about the universe, God, & Mankind’s role Scientific Revolution Since days of Greek scientist Ptolemy (2nd AD), it was assumed Earth was center of the Universe Earth sat motionless in center of universe Planets, sun, heavens orbited earth in perfect concentric spheres Called Geocentric or Ptolemaic model Ptolemaic or Geocentric Model Universe: Heaven Stars Sun Planets Moon These are celestial bodies – beyond Man Earth (motionless) Hell inside of Earth Great Chain of Being – social hierarchy Hierarchy: God (created universe & keeps it in order) Angels (are God’s heralds who work with Man & God) Man (master of Earth) Animals (beasts) Plants Stones (closest to earth) Hell (inside of earth) Church supports Ptolemaic Model Why does Church support this model? 1. Man is center of universe (near hell) Universe was an affair between GOD & MAN!!!!!! 2. Shows Man’s significance – we are God’s chosen race 3. Believable to the naked eye – made rationale sense Scientific Revolution Imagine, you are a person living during this period with these beliefs When you look at the sky at night you saw stars, you believed you could see the tip of heaven! Would this view of the cosmos not seem believable if this is all what was thought to be true? Your view of the Heavens AIM: SW begin writing out their thematic essay and include concepts they’ve learned in class DO NOW: 11.7.2011 1. Hand in HW#5 Notes & have HW#4 charts out 2. Set up notes titled “Essay writing” Assignments: Project Thematic Essay#2 – Political Systems due Thursday Standards: II World History Things to remember A. NO 1st Person in the essay B. No 2nd Person either! “In my essay I will …” “There are many things you can see in Absolutism” C. Topic sentences at beginning of each Body Paragraph “There are various characteristics of an Absolute monarchy.” Introduction – Political Systems Part I – write a general statement on political systems and their development Part II – then specify what political systems you will be focusing on (Absolutism & Limited Monarchy) Part III – Thesis Statement – write a sentence that argues how Absolutism & limited monarchies affected France & England. Example Regents Political systems are an important part of any society and have had a profound affect on the history and culture of various nations. Two examples of such political systems are the communist government in China and fascist government in Nazi Germany. In China, communism led to strict censorship and the limitation of many civil liberties. Fascist Germany was totalitarian regime that used racism and violence to crush political opponents and maintain control. Organization of Essay Introduction Body P1 – characteristics of an Absolute monarch Then begin elaborating on Absolutism in France Body P2 – Characteristics of a Limited Monarchy Then begin elaborating on limited monarchy in England Conclusion Explain this quote “I am much occupied with the investigation of the physical causes. My aim is to show that the machine of the universe is not similar to a divine animated being, but similar to a clock.” Johannes Kepler AIM: How did Copernicus and Galileo challenge accepted beliefs about the universe? DO NOW: 11.9.2011 1. Open textbook to page 623 2. Set up your notes titled “Copernicus & Galileo” Assignments: Project – Essay#2 due Thursday (tomorrow) Standards: II World History Scientific Revolution Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543) Poland On the Revolutions of Heavenly Orbs Copernicus ’Magnum Opus – greatest work Published on in 1543, the year he died On the Revolutions of Heavenly Orbs Theme: Earth orbits sun Earth just another planet Called the Heliocentric Model Yet, No mathematical proof! Other astronomer’s added to theory The astronomer Copernicus: Conversation with God. Painting by Jan Matejko. Scientific Revolution Galileo (1564-1642) Astronomer - further proved Heliocentric Model Mathematical laws can prove Universe is orderly Starry Messenger & Uses power of telescope! Letters on Sun Spots moon’s surface Sun spots Moon’s around Jupiter They look like EARTH! Church forces Galileo to recant in 1633 – House Arrest Galileo & his telescope Galileo Facing the Inquisition Rene Descartes – “Cogito Ergo Sum” – “I think therefore I am” French Philosopher & mathematician (b.1596-1650) Rejected old medieval ways of thinking that relied too much on assumptions & sensation The universe is understandable! Developed new model to rationally understand world using power of MIND Ability to “Think” proves the existence of oneself F – Force & G - Gravity F = Force G = Gravity M1 = Mass 1 M2 = Mass 2 R2 = Distance between masses AIM: How did the Scientific Revolution affect Man’s understanding of the Universe? DO NOW: 11.10.2011 1. Prepare to hand in Essay#2 on Political Systems & Essay Chart (HW#4) 2. Continue your notes from yesterday Assignments: 1. Classwork#3 Descartes Analysis – Due Monday 2. Midterm Exam next Wednesday & Thursday Standards: II World History Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727) Why is there planetary motion? Is it heavenliness? Principia Mathematica Proved theory of gravity All objects in space act on each other, this creates order in universe Forms basis of physics Effects … 1. Universe isn’t an overly complicated place 2. The Universe is orderly like a machine 3. Mathematical formulas prove this Gravity keeps Galaxy in place Development of Scientific Method Sir Francis Bacon – developed system of experimentation to find “truth” Test a hypothesis Experimentation, human observation, & empirical data drove results Not biblical scripture or old assumptions Effects of Sci. Revolution: Mankind has intellectual ability and reason to learn truths in the world & universe Religious dogma & old beliefs do not necessarily produce truths Science can have a practical purpose for human improvement Organization of Descartes Analysis I. Introduce Descartes & his ideas BP1 – Discuss how you come up with what is truth vs. false? How do you know something is real? BP2 – Can you trust your senses? Is this flawed? BP3 – Do you agree with Descartes’ method? Or do you believe that is faith is unexplainable? Please Use your own EXPERIENCES to explain yourself in any of the paragraphs Based on Descartes’ method, how would you react & think about seeing a UFO? Reason VS. Faith Classwork: Scientific Revolution Chart: pgs. 364-367 Thinker Copernicus Galileo Tycho Brahe & Kepler Sir Isaac Newton Rene Descartes Sir Francis Bacon Discovery & major works AIM: How did Galileo directly challenge church doctrine? DO NOW: 12.11.2009 1. Have your notes out from yesterday on Scientific Revolution 2. Completed Theme Essay due Tuesday Outlines can still be submitted for Late credit