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Bell Ringer
1) Which of the following indices would NOT
reflect information relating to ecosystems?
a) Simpson’s diversity index
b) Shannon’s diversity index
c) Species richness
d) Species evenness
e) Species difference
Bell Ringer
2) The picture below is an example of…
a) Shelterbelts
b) Chemical weathering
c) Physical weathering
d) Biological weathering
e) Gully erosion
Bell Ringer
3) Which of the following is an international
treaty protecting the sell and transport of
endangered species?
a) The Endangered Species Act
b) CITES
c) CERES
d) The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act
e) NEPA
Bell Ringer- AP Practice
4) Ultraviolet light is absorbed by what gas in
which layer of the atmosphere?
a) Ozone in the troposphere
b) Carbon dioxide in the stratosphere
c) Ozone in the stratosphere
d) Nitrogen in the troposphere
e) Carbon dioxide in the troposphere
Ecosystem Interactions
pgs 124 -127, 147
147--148
Niche
• Niche – the functional role of a species within
its community.
• This includes:
– Resources used / consumed
– Habitat
– Role in the flow of energy (predators, prey)
– Interactions with other species
Interactions with Other Species
• Two ways species interact:
– Population Distribution
– Species-Species interactions
• Competition
• Predation
• Symbiosis
Population Distribution
• Population Distribution – the arrangement of
organisms within an area.
• There are three types of population
distribution:
1) Random
2) Uniform
3) Clumped
Population Distribution
1) Random Distribution – individuals are located
haphazardly within a habitat, in no particular
pattern.
• Occurs when
resources are found
throughout an area.
Population Distribution
2) Uniform Distribution – individuals are evenly
spaced within a habitat.
• Occurs when
individuals hold
territories or
compete for
space.
Population Distribution
3) Clumped Distribution – individuals arrange
themselves according to the availability of
the resources they need to survive.
• Most common
form found in
nature
• Indicates habitat
selection
Species-Species Interactions
• Competitive Exclusion Principle – no two
species can occupy the same niche in the
same habitat at the same time.
• When two organisms try to occupy the same
niche, _____________ occurs.
Species-Species Interactions
• Competitive Exclusion Principle – no two
species can occupy the same niche in the
same habitat at the same time.
• When two organisms try to occupy the same
niche, COMPETITION occurs.
Species-Species Interactions
• Competition – occurs when organisms
attempt to use a resource in the same place at
the same time.
Competition
Species-Species Interactions
• Predation – occurs when one organism
captures and feeds on another organism.
Predation
Species-Species Interactions
• Symbiosis – any relationship in which two
species live closely together.
• 3 Types of Symbiosis:
- Mutualism
- Commensalism
- Parasitism
Mutualism
• Mutualism – symbiotic relationship where both
species benefit.
Mutualism
Commensalism
• Commensalism – symbiotic relationship in
which one organism benefits and the other
organism is neither helped nor harmed.
• Example: Whales and Barnacles
Parasitism
• Parasitism – symbiotic relationship in which
one organism benefits and the other organism
is harmed.
Parasitism
Nice Niche!
• For each of the following species-species
interactions, draw a parallel to your own life.
Fully explain each one, then use your answers
to create a concept map.
• Make and explain as many connections as
possible!
1) Competition
2) Mutualism
3) Commensalism
4) Parasitism