Download Introduction - New Orleans Museum of Art

FRENCH ART | circa 1600 – 1800
Mezzanine, Armande Billion Gallery
Claude Gellée (called Claude Lorrain) (French 1600-1682), Ideal View of Tivoli, 1644
Nicolas Colombel (1644-1717), Adoration of the Magi, 1693-1699
Nicolas de Largilliere (French, 1656-1746), Self Portrait, 1711
Charles Joseph Natoire (French, 1700-1777), The Toilet of Psyche, c. 1735
Françoise Boucher (French, 1703-1770), The Surprise (Woman with a Cat),1730-1732 (on loan)
Jean-Baptiste Grueze (French, 1725-1805), Portrait of Mme. Gougenot de Croissy, 1757
Hubert Robert (French, 1732-1808), The Park of Saint-Cloud, 1768
Antoine Françoise Callet (French, 1742-1823), Portrait of Louis XVI, King of France, c. 17821783
Charles-Joseph Vernet (French, 1714-1789), The Morning: Port Scene, 1780
Elisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun (French, 1755-1842), Portrait of Marie Antoinette, Queen of
France, c. 1788
Jean-Joseph Taillasson (French, 1745-1809), Coriolanus Beseeched by His Mother and Wife,
circa 1791
ROCOCO: movement associated with the reign of Louis XV, graceful, light and playful style
(1730- 1780) typified by use of delicately curving forms derived from plants, shells and rocks;
subject matter includes scenes of elegant outdoor parties, courtship and daily activities often set
against flourishing, mythological backdrops.
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playful
energetic
light, graceful and delicate
NEOCLASSICISM: art movement (1770-1830) that followed the model of ancient Greece and
Rome; style depends on rational rules of symmetry and harmony; emphasis is placed on
drawing and line; promoted moral actions and national pride; canvas surfaces are smooth and
flat.
Classicism: referring to ancient Greek (1000 to 31 BC) and Roman (753 BC - 400 AD) art;
harmony and balance are its underlying features.
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reflected glory of Greece & grandeur of Rome
illustrated stories of ancient history or mythology
backgrounds included Roman architecture
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emphasized drawing and line
role of art was morally uplifting
ROMANTICISM: revolt against the formality and intellectualism of Neoclassicism; movement
(1790s to 1830s) emphasized emotional expression; style uses dramatic lighting, strong
diagonal lines and rich, unrestrained color; images have a spontaneous feeling, though each
mark was calculated; brushstrokes were quick and often applied in impasto (thickly applied
paint); grand, heroic or tragic scenes of battle or love were popular.
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emotional
imaginative
quick brushstrokes
strong light and shade contrasts
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use of diagonal
rich, unrestrained color
spontaneous
impasto brushstroke
SALON: Name given to the official exhibition of the members of the French Royal Academy of
Painting and Sculpture, first held in 1667. Held annually, this was the only government
sponsored and controlled exhibition for artists. The Salon defined taste for artists and patrons
and was the only real exhibition for contemporary artists in France until the end of the 19th
century.
IMPORTANT DATES IN FRENCH HISTORY
1635
1643
1648
1651
1682
1685
1715
1718
1748
1759
1762
1772
1774
1779
1784
1789
1793
1803
1804
1804
1812
1815
1826
1827
1830s
1839
1840
1841
1848
1857
1860
1863
1867
1870
1873
1874
1876
1877
1881
1885
1889
French Academy of Language and Literature established
Louis XIV comes to power, begins his 72 year reign
Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture established
Ballet introduced to French court
French court moves to Versailles
Edict of Nantes revoked
Louis XV comes to power in France
New Orleans founded
Pompeii uncovered, excavations of Pompeii and Herculeneum begin
Voltaire publishes Candide
Rousseau pens The Social Contract
Diderot completes Encyclopédie
Louis XVI comes to power
Vigée-Le Brun begins to paints for Marie Antoinette
David paints The Oath of the Horatii
French Revolution begins
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette executed; France declared a republic
Louisiana Purchase is signed
Napoleon crowns himself emperor
Mona Lisa is moved from Napoleon's bedroom to Louvre
Napoleon's Empire reaches greatest extent
Napoleon defeated at Waterloo
Odes et Ballades is written by Hugo
Ingres paints Apotheosis of Homer
Balzac publishes La Comédie Humaine
Daguerre and Niépce publish findings on photography
Because of prosecution of Christians in French Indochine, France begins military
involvement in China
Portable tubes for oil paint invented allowing artists to work outdoors
Napoleon III comes to power
Flaubert publishes Madame Bovary
Pasteur invents techniques of sterilization to kill bacteria
Manet exhibits Luncheon on the Grass and causes great scandal
Japanese prints exhibited at Exposition Universalle in Paris
Franco-Prussian war begins
Degas visits American relatives in New Orleans
Impressionist group holds first exhibition
Rodin sculpts Age of Bronze
Zola publishes L'Assommoir
Parisian population hits 2,200,000
Muybridge, an American, photographs movement of horses
Eiffel Tower built; Van Gogh paints Starry Night
IMPORTANT DATES IN WORLD HISTORY
1660
1671
1682
1720
1722
1742
1751
1762
1765
1776
1783
1789
1796
1800
1804
1810
1811
1813
1829
1832
1835
1837
1839
1846
1847
1848
1853
1858
1859
1861
1865
1865
1869
1871
1872
1876
1884
1886
1890
1895
1897
1897
1898
English monarchy restored after death of Cromwell
Newton invents telescope
Peter the Great takes power in Russia
Bach writes first Brandenburg Concerto
Ba'al Shem Tov founds Hasidism, a vibrant orthodox movement within Judaism
Color print introduced in Japan
Chinese invade Tibet
Catherine the Great rules as Empress of Russia
Watt invents steam engine
Declaration of Independence written
Beethoven writes first composition at age 13
Washington is elected first president of United States
Jenner discovers smallpox vaccine
Goya paints Family of Charles IV
Haiti becomes independent country from France
Elgin marbles from the Parthenon first exhibited in London
Bolivár leads South American Revolution
Austen writes Pride and Prejudice
Non-Euclidean geometry developed
Greece gains freedom from Ottoman Empire
Boers of South Africa begin Great Trek to find new territory free from British rule
Queen Victoria crowned queen of England, rules until 1901
Opium Wars between Britain and China begin
Neptune discovered
Emily Brontë authors Wuthering Heights
Marx and Engels issue Communist Manifesto
Commodore Perry opens trade with Japan
China opens to trade with west
Darwin publishes Origin of Species
Garibaldi unites Italy; American Civil War begins
Treaty of Appomattox is signed, ending Civil War
Mendel establishes ideas of genetics
Suez Canal built
Wilhelm I is crowned German Emperor, unifying Germany
Civil War breaks out in Spain
Hinduism witnesses reform under impact of western thought
Treaty of Berlin defines rights of 14 European powers in Africa
Nietzsche pens Beyond Good and Evil
Battle of Wounded Knee is fought
Freud develops psychoanalysis
Mosquitoes discovered as source of malaria
Large collection of Benin art is exhibited throughout Europe
Curie discovers radium