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SCIENCE
SECTION II
BY: EMILY
TRAN
BIODIVERSITY
TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
Species diversity is one type of biodiversity
Genetic diversity & Ecosystem diversity are the other types of
diversitys
CAUSES OF BIODIVERSITY
Evolutionary Speed Hypothesis
Geographic Area Hypothesis
Interspecific Interactions Hypothesis
 Ambient Energy Hypothesis
Productivity Hypothesis
Intermediate disturbance Hypothesis
INTERSPECIFIC
INTERACTIONS
NEGATIVE SPECIES INTERACTIONS
Predation - occurs when one species (a predator) kills and eats another
organism, it’s prey
Herbivore - are animals that consume part of living plants
Competition - when animals negatively impacts two or more species
Parasite - consumes the tissue or robs the resources of the host organism
Amensalism – association between organisms of two different species in
which one is destroyed and the other is unaffected
POSITIVE SPECIES INTERACTIONS
Mutualism – association between members of two species in which both
members benefit from the association
Commensalism – relationship between two organisms of different species in
which one organism benefits from the association and the other is neither
benefitted nor harmed
COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATION &
STRUCTURE
FOOD WEBS
Basal Species- is the one that does nit feed upon any other
species but is eaten by other species
Intermediate species- is both a food source for others as well
as one that eats other organisms, such as herbivores.
Top Predator - eats other species but is not a food source for
any other species
KEYSTONE SPECIES
Keystone species largely determine ecosystems structure,
and in their absence the ecosystem would dramatically change
DISTURBANCES
TYPES OF DISTURBANCES
Fires and Floods
ADAPTIONS TO DISTURBANCE
Plants are either adapted to survival a disturbance event, or to
quickly colonize after the disturbance has passed.
Animals similarly can survive the disturbance regime of an are
by utilizing one or more mechanisms. Many animals simply flee
the disturbance area, by moving away from a burn area or
upland from a flood zone.
SUCCESSION
ECOLOGICAL CLIMAX,STABILATY AND
ALTERNATIVE STABLE STATES
Climax –the endpoint of succession
Stability- is the ability of and ecosystem to
recover after a disturbance
GAP DYNAMICS
Gap Phase Dynamics – occur between
larger disturbance events, allowing
increased light to enter the ecosystem and
serving to community