Download Student Notes - Belle Vernon Area School District

Unit 7 Drugs and Mind Altering Substances
Ms. Fitchwell
Health
How do drugs work???
Nerve cells in the brain are called ______________. These neurons
"talk" to each other by passing chemicals back and forth, just like
passing notes in class. The neurons' "notes" are called
_________________________, and they are manufactured in vesicles in
the nerve cell. Neurotransmitters include serotonin, acetylcholine,
norepinephrine, ______________, histamine and about two dozen
others.
How do drugs work???
The nerve cells are separated by a small space called a "____________."
When a message moves down the axon of the pre-synaptic neuron,
neurotransmitters are released from the vesicle. These ____________ (or
___________) cross the synapse to the post-synaptic neuron, where they
bind with receptors specifically designed to receive them, much as a
______ is designed to fit into a specific __________.
How do drugs work???
Many nerve cells have receptors that are ____________ to various
drugs. These drugs operate on the "_______-and-________" principle,
where the drug can be thought of as the "key" that either (1) _______
into the "________," causing the nerve cell (neuron) to discharge its
______________, or (2) "_________" the lock, preventing the nerve cell
from discharging.
How do drugs work???
Ex.) -____________ mimic __________ and lock into opiate receptor
sites.
- _____________________ mimic serotonin
- ______________ blocks the re-uptake of neurotransmitters →
causing severe _________________ when coming down.
- Methamphetamines cause the release of neurotransmitters in
___________ amounts
- ___________ mimics anandamide and interferes with the
cannabinoid receptor sites.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRUGS
(Psychoactive)
___________________- Drugs that speed up activities of the central
nervous system (CNS)
__________________ (Sedatives)- Psychoactive drugs that slow brain
and body reactions.
__________________ (Opiates)- natural or synthetic drugs that relieve
pain and cause drowsiness.
__________________- Drugs that are inhaled or breathed in through the
nose to produce the desired effect.
______________________- Psychoactive drugs that alter perception,
thought, and mood.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRUGS cont.
____________________ Medicines – cannot be used without the
written approval of a licensed physician.
Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines – you can buy these without a
prescription
Psychoactive Drugs
________________________ drugs – those designed to alter a person’s
experiences or consciousness. (nicotine, heroin, cocaine, alcohol,
steroids, LSD, marijuana)
 Psychoactive drugs cause intoxication
___________________________ – a state in which sometimes
unpredictable physical and emotional changes occur.
 A person who is intoxicated may experience a difference in
_____________ and _________________.
What is a Drug?
_____________– any chemical other than ___________ intended to
affect the structure or function of the body.
Many people believe that every problem, no matter how large or small,
has or should have ___________________ solutions.
 Examples: For fatigue = ___________________
 For insomnia = sleeping pills
For anxiety or boredom (?) = ______________/drugs
Avoid Problems / _________
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Health Consequences of Drug Use
__________________ Consequences- Once a drug enters the
bloodstream, it can harm a user’s brain, heart lungs, and other vital
organs.
_________________ & Emotional Consequences- drugs cloud
reasoning and thinking, and users lose control of their behavior. (lose
sight of values)
______________ Consequences- substance abuse can have negative
effect on relationships with friends and family members. List examples:
DRUG USE… A HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR!!
Substance abuse is a _________ ________ behavior that includes
misusing legal drugs or using illegal drugs or other chemicals
 People abuse drugs for a number of reasons, none of them
_______________!
__________________ - the highest percentage of use is with people
between the ages of 18-25
Why do teenagers abuse drugs???
• A way to be ________________ with peers
• Influenced by the _____________
• Curious
• A way of rebelling
• Escape __________________
What is the difference between drug use and abuse?
__________________
1. Using the drug incorrectly due to ________________
2. Taking the drug with the wrong food
3. Stopping the drug too soon
___________________
1. Intentionally misusing the drug normally for a _____________
effect
Dangers of substance abuse
Side Effects can range from minor to _______________.
Illegal drugs can be especially dangerous because there are no
____________ or means of _________________ these substances for
quality, purity, or strength.
Physical and just as commonly Psychological effects can last a
____________________!
Dangers of drug abuse
_________________– A strong or fatal reaction to taking a large
amount of drug. Often, overdoses occur when alcohol and other
drugs are combined.
 When drug abuse involves injecting substances through a needle,
___________________ or _________ can occur
 People who experiment with drugs tend to lose control…can lead
to ___________ or ___________________
1. STIMULANTS
 Drugs which cause the body systems to _____________ _____
 Very high doses: _______________ heartbeat, tremors, high fever,
heart failure
 How it enters the body: swallowed, snorted, injected
STIMULANTS
__________________________
People use them illegally to stay _________ and __________, to
improve athletic performance, to lose weight, etc.
 Medical use Treats _______________ children
 Treats narcolepsy
 Used for weight control
 Examples- ______________, Ritalin
Stimulants
Cocaine
Powerful stimulant leads to:
 ________________________
 Edginess
 Weight ___________
 Physiological dependence
 Can destroy the nasal septum
 Can cause heart attacks due to disturbing electrical impulses of the
heart. Can occur on the first use!
 __________________ - a form of cocaine
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_____________________________
Fumes alone can be deadly
“Meth Mouth”
Experts believe that meth ravages ____________ by drying up
saliva and leaving users with “dry mouths.”
Without saliva, bacteria in the mouth multiply, leading to
___________.
Dentists report that healthy teeth can become ___________ from
even a few months of meth use.
Long- Term Effects of Meth Use
Hallucinations
Disorganized lifestyle
Violent and _______________ behavior
Permanent psychological problems
Behavior resembling paranoid _______________________
Poor coping abilities
Disturbance of personality development
Lowered resistance to illnesses
Possible brain damage
2. ________________________
 Depresses or ____________ down the central nervous system.
 Medical use: to stop convulsions, relief of tension and
_______________, to induce ______________
 Examples:
 barbiturates, tranquilizers, alcohol, methaqualone
How it enters the body: swallowed
 Slang names:
yellow jackets, ludes, barbs, downers,
3. NARCOTICS (OPIATES)
EXTREMELY ______________________ Drug
Comes from the poppy plant or it is synthetic
Ravages the body and becomes the primary focus of the addict’s
________
A break of only one day can bring on severe withdrawal symptoms –
aches, chills, sweating, muscle spasms and weakness.
After a break, the usual dose may be an _________________
3. NARCOTICS (OPIATES)
Medical use: _________ relief, cough suppressant
_______________: Morphine, Codeine, Vicodin, Percocet, Oxycontin,
Oxycodone, Opium, Heroin
How it enters the body: injected, smoked or inhaled
4. HALLUCINOGENS
(Psychedelics)
Drugs that distort the senses and cause ______________________
Examples:
 LSD (_________)
 Psilocybin ______________________
 Mescaline
 PCP
*Could appear as liquid, capsules, powder, blotter paper, thin gelatin
squares, mushrooms
4. Hallucinogens
PCP (angel dust)
Considered to be one of the most __________________ of all drugs.
The use of PCP as an approved anesthetic in humans was discontinued
in 1965 because patients often became agitated, delusional, and
irrational while recovering from its anesthetic effects.
4.Hallucinogens
LSD (__________)
LSD “Acid” is odorless, colorless. Often added to absorbent
___________, such as blotter paper, and divided into small decorated
squares.
Effects are widely unpredictable…. Some users experience severe,
terrifying thoughts and feelings, fear of losing control, fear of insanity
and death and despair.
Trips are long – 8 hours-multiple days.
ANABOLIC STEROIDS
Powerful compounds that are similar to the male sex hormone,
___________________.
Taken to increase ______________, speed, power.
How it enters the body: swallowed, intramuscular _________________
INHALANTS
Dangerous _____________ are concentrated in a bag, on a cloth, etc.
and inhaled
How it enters the body: Vapors are inhaled through the nose or mouth
A person can go into a ___________ from a single use and be in a
vegetable state the rest of his/her life
MARIJUANA
The dried flowers, leaves, and stems of the cannabis sativa plant.
Main active chemical in marijuana is ______. Marijuana’s effects on the
user depend on the strength of the THC
_____________ is the dark brown resin that is collected from the top of
this plant.
How it enters the body: Smoked in joints, pipes, bongs, eaten
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Marijuana Effects
Effects
Increased heart rate
Bloodshot eyes
Dry mouth and throat
Increased appetite
Short-term memory loss
Altered sense of time
Damage to lungs and circulatory system
Alters your senses, coordination, reaction time, and can interrupt
your ability to make rational and healthful decisions
CLUB DRUGS
Are used by young adults at all-night dance parties such as “raves” or
“trances,” dance clubs, and bars.
Some club drugs are colorless, tasteless, and odorless. They can be
added to ________________ by individuals to intoxicate or sedate
others.
There has been an increase in reports of club drugs used to commit
_____________ __________________.
Club Drugs
________________ (MDMA) - mind altering drug with hallucinogenic
properties
Health hazards: psychological difficulties, confusion, depression, sleep
problems, drug craving, severe depression.
Physical problems: muscle tension, nausea, blurred vision, chills,
sweating
Long term problems: damage to the parts of the brain critical to thought
and memory
CLUB DRUGS
________ – is odorless and nearly tasteless. Induces a state of relaxation
Can be slipped into someone’s drink without detection. Has been
reportedly used in cases of date rape.
Physical problems: nausea, vomiting, respiratory problems, seizures,
coma
CLUB DRUGS
Rohypnol – people may unknowingly be given the drug which, when
mixed with alcohol, can incapacitate and prevent a victim from resisting
sexual assault.
Physical symptoms: sedative-hypnotic effects including muscle
relaxation and amnesia.
Club Drugs
Ketamine: “_________ ___” is a powerful hallucinogen that includes
visual distortions and a lost sense of time, sense and identity.
Profound physical and mental problems including delirium, amnesia,
impaired motor function and potentially fatal problems
Special K is a powder that is usually snorted but is sometimes sprinkled
on tobacco or marijuana and smoked.
Signs and Symptoms of Substance Abuse
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Emotionally/ Personality
Behaviorally
Physically/ Physical Appearance
Social Activity/ School Performance
Emotional / Personality Effects of Substance Abuse
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Aggression
Burnout
Anxiety
Depression
Paranoia
Denial
Withdraws from family/ Friends
Behavioral Effects of Substance Abuse
 Slow reaction time
 Impaired coordination
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Slowed Speech
Irritability
Excessive Talking
Inability to sit still
Limited attention span
Poor motivation
Lack of energy
Physical Effects of Substance Abuse
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Weight Loss
Sweating
Chills
Poor Hygiene
Interrupted sleep patterns < or >
Loss of appetite
Social Activity Effect
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Drops old friends and activities
Skipping School
Loses interest in school work
Low Grades
Sleeping in class
Loses concentration
Having trouble remembering things
Addiction – what friends or family members can do
Many families, after recognizing that the problem exists, will have an
intervention.
____________________- the interruption of the addiction continuum
before the addict hits bottom.
Meetings take place without the addicted person’s knowledge.
Second step in this process is a surprise meeting with the addict that
forces the addict to face the seriousness of the problem.
If addict refuses to recognize the problem, the addict will be given an
ultimatum - Wife will move out, etc.
Recovery
A process that happens over time -. A recovered person never says “I am
cured, but “I am recovering.”
The first step in the recovery process is detoxification – the removal
of the drug from the body, usually under medical supervision
This step also includes restoring one’s mental health
Most experts recommend total abstinence
__________________ – slips from recovery, or periodic returns to use
can happen
Treatment options
Support group such as AA, narcotics Anonymous, cocaine anonymous
Detoxification Units – a person is under a Drs. care and may be given
some medication to ease the symptoms of withdrawal
_____________ ______________ centers – involves detox and
counseling, both individual and group
Treatment options
________________ ______________ centers – involves follow up
sessions, counseling
______________ houses-people are admitted to this program generally
after they have completed at least a 28 day recovery program where
they stay for 6 months to a year where they learn coping and living skills
they will need when they return to society.
Learn to say “no!”
Choosing to be Drug Free!
*Give a reason (_____ or _________)
*Provide alternatives
*Use eye contact to say no
*Take a definite action
Realize that ____ ________ will solve your problem
Talk to trusted friend/counselor, etc.
Learn to handle the stress in you life and get help when you need it.
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Refusal Skills
Developing good self-esteem
Have good eye contact
Respond with a clear and firm "no" that does not leave the door
open to future offers
________ you say no is as important as _______ you say.
Refusal Skills
Identify the consequences ("We'll get in trouble.")
Suggest an alternative
-JUST SAY NO- Use Humor