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World War II
1939-1945
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hitlermusso.jpg
Objective Day 1
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I can explain two factors of the Treaty of
Versailles that contributed to the start of
World War II.
World War I
1914-1919
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“The Great War”
“The war to end all
wars”.
Starts with the
assassination of Francis
Ferdinand.
8 million soldiers die.
20 million civilians die.
Statistics.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:WW1_TitlePicture_For_Wikip
edia_Article.jpg
Treaty of Versailles
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Article 8 – Reduction of Armaments.
Article 16 – War with one, war with all.
Article 42 – No German army on the Rhine.
Article 51 – Territories of Alsace and Lorraine given to
France.
Article 119 – “Germany renounces… all her rights and
titles over her oversea possessions”.
Article 160 – Limits the size of Germany’s army.
Article 173 – Germany cannot have a draft.
Article 231 – War guilt placed on Germany.
Article 232 – Germany has to pay back reparations.
Overhead
German Hyperinflation
http://www.joelscoins.com/exhibger2.htm
http://www.goldeagle.com/editorials_02/images/wallybently100802a.gif
http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/L/lostge
neration/worldwide/images/pop722.jpg
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/core/pics/
0255/img0026.jpg
http://www.bized.co.uk/images/inflation.jpg
http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/his452/Alcohol/eco
nomic.jpg
How much is a Trillion?
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http://www.pagetutor.com/trillion/index.html
One trillion dollars today would allow you buy
Coca Cola, Apple, IBM, Bank of America, Ford,
General Motors, Toyota, Motorola, AT&T, as well
as Exxon Mobil and STILL have enough left over
to live comfortably on just the interest from the
billions left over– not to mention the profits
these companies generate.
One trillion seconds is longer than recorded
history, about 32,000 years.
U.S. National Debt
Group Assignment
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The United States national debt is over 16 trillion dollars,
put another way it is over $145,000 per tax payer.
What are the potential problems for America having this
much debt?
What are the benefits of having this debt?
Do you think the potential problems out way the
benefits? Why or why not?
How would you solve the national debt in America?
What would the country have to do to balance the
budget, be specific!
Exit Ticket
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What is the Treaty of Versailles?
What are the two articles in the Treaty of
Versailles that Germany resented the most
and helped contribute to the start of
WWII?
Objective Day 2
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I can explain two other factors (e.g.
boundary disputes) that contributed to the
start of WWII.
Benito Mussolini
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Mad about peace settlement
after WWI.
Starts Fascist Party.
Fascism values nation above
individual.
1922 threatens to march on
Rome, becomes Prime
Minister.
1925 becomes “Il Duce” or
“The Leader”.
Women were given medals by
Mussolini for having many
children (18?).
His biggest fan reading pg 139
http://italy.indymedia.org/uploads/2004/03/1078501800m
ussolini.jpg
Adolf Hitler
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Enraged by Versailles
Peace Treaty, he felt it
degraded Germany.
Nazi party tries to seize
Munich.
In jail writes “Mein
Kampf” or “My
Struggle”.
This book makes Hitler
rich while still in jail.
http://home.rixtele.com/~urdskalla/Skivomslag/Adolf_Hitler.jpg
“Mein Kampf”
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Part autobiography.
Plan to bring
Germany back to
power by defeating
France and Soviet
Union.
Racist beliefs, with
Aryans being the
“master race” and
Jews at the bottom.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hitler_mein_kampf_rek
lame.jpg
Adolf Hitler
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Germany hit hard by the depression.
Hitler promises to get Germany back to
power.
Quote pg. 665.
1933 Nazi party holds majority of
Reichstag (German Parliament).
Nazis name Hitler Chancellor.
Names himself dictator.
Adolf Hitler vs. Treaty of Versailles
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1935 starts building military equipment.
(Against the Treaty of Versailles)
1936 reoccupies Rhineland. (ATV)
1938 annexes Austria. (ATV)
1938 annexes districts of Czechoslovakia, then
all of Czechoslovakia. (ATV)
Munich agreement, “peace in our time”. TIME
1939 signs non-aggression pact with Soviets.
1939 invades Poland. (ATV)
Appeasement – “keep the peace by giving into
someone’s demands”.
Writing Assignment
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Would you have “appeased” Hitler if you were
commander of an allied power? Give at least 3
reasons why or why you would not appease
him. (Remember World War I was just 20 years
earlier)
What would you have done if you were
President of America after 9/11 and the CIA told
you Iraq had “weapons of mass destruction”.
What would you do today with North Korea?
Invasion of Poland
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Invasion of Poland starts with Germans faking
a Polish attack. They dress 12 criminals into
Polish army uniforms and kill them and place
the bodies around a radio station and claim
Poland has attacked Germany.
Blitzkrieg – Bombers take out air bases, fuel
and ammunition dumps, railways, radio
stations, and military headquarters. Airplanes
machine gun troops as tanks and transport
vehicles run over the front lines.
Invasion of Poland
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In two or three days Poland can not win.
Most of the fighting is over in two weeks.
Polish cavalry vs. German tanks.
Maginot Line
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87 miles of
concrete
fortifications,
machine gun
posts, tank
obstacles, and
other
defenses.
Miracle of Dunkirk
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German forces cut
through British and
French troops.
Allied troops are
stranded at Dunkirk.
900 ferries, sailboats,
and navy vessels
rescue the 300,000
troops.
France Falls
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Germans invade Belgium and Holland, in four
days Holland surrenders. (Pops DeBock)
Blitzkrieg reaches Paris in one month. France
surrenders a week later.
WWI trench warfare goes for years but with
tanks and “blitzkrieg” tactics battles take a few
weeks.
WWI one million Germans die over four years
trying to take France. In WWII 27,000 die in
five weeks and France is defeated.
This is Hitler's greatest victory.
France Falls
Battle of Britain
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On September 7th
1940 Germany
starts bombing
London this Blitz is
kept up until May
16th 1941
Britain will not
surrender. Hitler
can not land a force
to conquer Britain
so he looks East.
Operation Barbarossa
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June 22nd 1941 greatest invasion in the world
takes place.
3 million German troops cross the Soviet border
to attack.
By October German troops were in the outskirts
of Moscow.
German troops however did not have winter
equipment and snow started to fall.
Russian people resolve themselves to not
surrender and begin surging back at the
Germans.
Leningrad (1941-1943)
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Germans surround Leningrad to starve them
out. As winter approaches very little food is
getting in.
People begin eating horses, rats, cats, grass,
and even people. As it gets colder you can not
even bury the dead.
As spring comes the dead bodies thaw out and
start to rot and an epidemic hits the city.
Eventually Soviet forces will rescue the city after
872 days of siege.
Stalingrad (1942-1943)
*Enemy at the Gates
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One of the turning points of the war.
One of the bloodiest battles in the history of war,
about 2 million casualties.
People in the city were eating leather briefcases,
leather boots, wallpaper.
Russia surrounds the Germans who had
surrounded the city.
German soldiers ill equipped for winter and can
not be resupplied. 90,000 Germans captured
5,000 make it home. Soviet labor camps.
Stalingrad
German soldier captured by a Soviet Soldier.
U.S. Enters the War
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Writing Assignment, Type Two:
What gets the United States to enter into
WWII? Should the U.S. have entered the
war earlier, later or not at all? Why?
Was the U.S. justified in entering the war?
Why or why not?
December 7, 1941
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At 3:42 a.m. minesweeper
USS Condor spots a
periscope and relays the
message to the USS
Ward.
6:10 a.m., first wave of
Japanese aircraft take off.
6:45 a.m., USS Ward fires
first shot and sinks minisubmarine.
At 7:02 a.m. The Army
Radar station spots 50
aircraft headed towards
Oahu.
Cont’d
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7:55 a.m., Japanese bombers
attack.
8:10 Battleship USS Arizona
explodes. 1,177 crewmembers
perish.
8:54, Second wave of Japanese
bombers arrives.
10:00- Japanese bombers return
to carriers, overwhelming
success. Only 29 of over 400
bombers were destroyed or
damaged.
Casualties and
destruction
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2,403 American casualties,
188 aircraft destroyed, 159
damaged.
Eight out of eight battleships
either sunk or heavily
damaged.
3 destroyers sunk, 3 cruisers
damaged, 2 other ships
sunk.
55 Japanese airmen killed.
Pearl Harbor: The
Aftermath
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Dec. 8, 1941 - U.S. declares
war on Japan
American ally China also
declares war on Japan after
many years of conflict
People want to attack Japan
but Germany is a bigger
threat.
D-Day Invasion
D-DAY (INVASION OF FRANCE)
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Life expectancy in first
wave…..26 seconds
D-Day the largest
amphibious landing in
HISTORY:
2,800,000+ troops,
2,500,000 tons of supplies,
11,000 air craft, and 3000+
ships!!!
Saving Private Ryan
Army Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower speaks with 101st Airborne
Division paratroopers before they board airplanes and gliders
to take part in a parachute assault into Normandy
Soldiers wade through surf and
Nazi gunfire to secure a beachhead
Members of a landing party help injured
Soldiers to safety on Utah Beach
Soldiers of the 8th Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry
Division, move over a seawall on Utah Beach
Soldiers wounded during the invasion wait for evacuation.
German troops surrender to Soldiers
Soldiers and cargo vehicles move onto a beach in Normandy
Saving Private Ryan Video
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As you watch the video look at images in
the movie that match the pictures we just
looked at. Do you think the movie looks
like it was an accurate portrayal of what
happened according to the pictures we
looked at?
Nazi Solution
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Hitler wanted to create a
superior race.
He thought Aryans (people
of pure German decent)
were the master race and
everyone else was below,
Jews he thought were on
the bottom.
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Auschwitz was one of
the biggest
concentration camps.
1.1 Million Jews were
killed in Auschwitz.
It had three different
camps that were in
Auschwitz.
Dachau
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Was one of the first
concentration camps.
Opened in march 1933.
It included Jews, Jehovah’s
Witnesses, Gypsies,
Homosexuals , and many
more.
Typhus Epidemic reading
pg. 197
Going to Hell with Dr.
Morrell reading pg. 55
Germany defeated
now what to do with Japan?
Decision to Drop the Bomb
Activity
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Should America have dropped atomic
bombs on Japan to end the war? Why or
why not?
The Manhattan Project
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Einstein writes Roosevelt in 1939.
Roosevelt establishes the Manhattan
Project.
J. Robert Oppenheimer in charge of the
project.
One of the greatest engineering
undertakings of all time.
37 installations, 120,000 workers, $2
billion, all kept secret.
The Manhattan Project
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July 16, 1945 in
Alamogordo, New Mexico
scientists detonate the first
atomic bomb.
Shatters windows 125
miles away.
“Now I am become Death,
the destroyer of worlds.”
U.S. Options for Japan?
Options
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Drop the bomb.
Invasion of Japan.
Naval blockade and bombing of Japan.
Demonstration of the bomb.
Soften stance on “unconditional
surrender”.
All possibilities debated in the “Interim
Committee”.
Writing Assignment – Pro’s and Con’s of
each.
Problems With the Options
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Invasion – estimated up to 1 million
American lives lost. (not even an option)
Naval blockade – prolong an already long
war.
Demonstration – possible humiliation if the
test fails.
Soften stance on “unconditional
surrender” – Japan may stay powerful.
Other Possible Motivations
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Demonstrate a
dramatic display
of American
power, especially
to the Soviet
Union.
Revenge for Pearl
Harbor.
http://nmhm.washingtondc.museum/assets/images/Baker1.jpg
Harry S. Truman
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Truman recorded in
his memoirs that he
“regarded the bomb
as a military weapon
and never had any
doubt that it should
be used.”
Winston Churchill
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Churchill when speaking
about the political and
military leaders of the time
says “The decision whether
or not to use the atomic
bomb to compel the
surrender of Japan was
never even an issue. There
was unanimous, automatic,
unquestioned agreement
around our table.
The Bombs
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August 6, 1945 “Little Boy” a uranium
bomb is dropped on Hiroshima.
Killed 70,000 immediately and injured
another 70,000.
August 9, 1945 “Fat Man” a plutonium
bomb dropped on Nagasaki.
Killed 40,000, injured another 40,000.
Quote 684.
End of the War
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August 14, 1945
Japanese leaders accept
American terms of
surrender.
September 2, 1945 they
officially surrender.
Should America have
dropped atomic bombs
on Japan to end the war?
Why or why not?
http://www.prezcon.com/games/images/Victory_in_the_Pacific.jpg
WORLD WAR II
AT HOME
WWII
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Supplying the Allies boosts American economy
and brings U.S. out of the depression.
Roosevelt believes the final outcome will be
determined by America’s ability to produce war
materials.
Henry Ford uses assembly line to produce war
supplies.
Willow Run has a 1 mile assembly line over a
field to produce bombers. Employs 42,000
people.
WWII Production
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In 1941 it takes
355 days to
build a ship.
By the end of
the war (1945)
it takes 14 days
thanks to the
assembly line.
American Economy
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Cost-Plus System:
government pays
production costs plus pays
the company a profit.
Coca-Cola sells soda for 5¢
for good publicity and to
have an “army” of
consumers when the
soldiers get home.
WWII Production
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By 1945 the nation
had produced 80,000
landing craft.
100,000 tanks and
armored cars.
300,000 airplanes.
15 million guns, and
41 billion rounds of
ammunition.
Financing the War
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Federal spending
goes from $9.4 billion
in 1939 before the
war to $95.2 billion in
1945.
41% of the war is
paid for by an
increase in taxes…
5% income tax on
anyone making over
$624 a year
At Home
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Americans have been through a depression and
now a war as they get money they spend it on
entertainment. Why not on goods? People buy
books, go to movies, and baseball games.
62% of the population goes to a movie each
week.
4,000 of the 5,700 major and minor league
baseball players serve in the war, so a women’s
league forms. A League of Their Own
Ted Williams stats.
Rationing/Assignment
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Read excerpts from “Shortages and
Controls” on page 697 and “Campaigns at
Home” on pages 698-699. Tell me how
many different ways you can find that
Americans rationed and how many
different ways that lifestyle changed
because of rationing.
Comic Books
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Even comics get in on
the war effort.
Superman fights the
Nazis.
What superhero first
appears during
WWII? His first comic
book he fights Hitler.
Women at War
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As men go off to war,
women must fill the
jobs at factories to
make war supplies.
Women traditionally
stayed home so a
character was created
to get women into
jobs…
Rosie the Riveter
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Rosie the Riveter!
What are some characteristics of Rosie?
Read “Problems for Working Women” pg
703 and list as many problems as you can
find for women entering the workforce.
When war ends what happens to the
women? Picture page 704.
Justice at Home
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Quote page 706.
U.S. fighting for freedom and justice
against Hitler but how are minorities
treated in America?
Jim Crow laws.
African Americans fight oversees and
come home to discrimination. Nazi
prisoner story quote page 707.
Justice at Home
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Double V
campaign victory
in the war and
victory at home
for equality.
Which minority
suffers the worst
in WWII?
Japanese Americans
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2/3rds are American citizens, most living on
West Coast.
After Pearl Harbor Anti-Japanese
sentiment grows. Quote page 709.
Time and Life magazines run adds on how
to tell someone who is Chinese (our allies)
from someone who is Japanese (our foes).
Pg. 710.
Internment Camps
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February 1942
internment camps
started. 110,000
of the 127,000
Japanese living in
America are
rounded up and
put into camps.
Internment Camps
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Located in desolate areas. Wooden
barracks surrounded by barb wire and
armed guards.
Most lose houses, businesses and property
when they are in the camps.
Supreme Court cases rule the camps are
constitutional, page 711.
Reparations of $20,000 in 1988.
Cold War
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Next we will talk about the Cold War
which takes place immediately following
WWII between American and the Soviet
Union (a WWII ally of the U.S.). How
does/could this happen?