Download this publication - G

___________________________________________________________________________
Bushuev V.V.
General Director
of the Institute of Energy
Strategy,
Head of the working group
on the formation of the
Energy Strategy of Russia
till 2020 and till 2030,
Full Member of the
Engineering Academy and the Russian Academy of Physical
Sciences, Winner of the award of the Government of the Russian
Federation in the field of science and technology, Honorable
Power Engineer of USSR
Gromov A.I.
Deputy General Director for Science of the
Institute of Energy Strategy (IES), Director of
the Competence Center «World Energy»
(CC «World Energy»)
Nikolayev M.A.
Analytical Expert
at the Institute of Energy Strategy (IES)
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Energy-environmental-economic («three E») concept
of sustainable development
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
XXI century is the time of formation of a new energy
civilization which is the means, the object and purpose of
sustainable development of common planetary Mankind
House – Ecos. Ecos is the triad of «nature - society –
human», the core of which is the en-erg-y (erg – a work
action), providing both the eco-nomy (the material
production – system of management in the House) and the
environment (system of harmonizing relations in the social
and natural environment). The unity of the three «E» on the
basis of a comprehensive energy-environmental-economic
approach allows avoiding contraposition of material and
humanitarian development factors.
This approach opens the way for sustainable
development of the House, the general principles of which
were approved at the 42th session of the UN General
Assembly in 1987 and at the UN World Summit in
Johannesburg in 2002. Furthermore, precisely in the
framework of this approach at the 62nd session of the UN
General Assembly in September 25, 2007, the President of
the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev suggested to
develop a global energy and environment strategy and
discuss it at the World Summit on Sustainable Development
Rio +20, which took place in June 2012.
A triadic unity of energy, environment and economy (the
concept of «Three E»)
As part of energy-environmental-economic concept of
sustainable development of complex socio-natural systems
is an understanding of not only the energy nature of the
internal relations that determines the development of such
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
systems, but also a special idea of their basic components
(economy, energy and environment).
We will examine it on the example of a global system
of «nature-society-human» (Fig. 1).
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Economy - the system of management in our
common planetary House - Ecos (from the Greek Οἶκος –
House, whereabouts). Under conditions of limited natural
resources, and the possible disorganization of external
environment due to the extensive economic, technogenic
and anthropogenic activities, the further economic
development puts before the society a number of global
eternal problems associated with the necessity of
development of material production and the requirements of
the environment and humanity. Inability to solve these
problems, basing on the traditional approach, considering
the modern world only as a consumer society, in particular,
is the cause of the crisis in the global financial and
economic system in the first decade of the XXI century:
what, how, for whom and how much to produce? In this
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
case, the production should be understood not narrowly as a
certain technological process, and also broader as the cause
of the subjects and objects of choice.
Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES)
Fig. 1. The global system of «nature-society-human»
Energy – life support system of society, covering
both the material production and non-material needs of the
society (Fig. 2).
Firstly, energy - the life and human life and activity
support system, which has been so from ancient times. The
very notion of «civilization» (ci - the fire, vil - hold) reflects
the possibility of using different types of energy by society.
This side of the power engineering amplifies in process of
economic development and wider coverage of energy
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
services, as well as technological development, defining the
specific requirements for energy commodities.
Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES)
Fig. 2. Power Engineering in life of modern society
Secondly, energy is an infrastructural backbone of the
economy. In fact, the degree of development determines the
degree of development of the economy as a whole, because
the energy infrastructure can act as factor stimulating
economic progress (the existence of a modern and
convenient energy infrastructure is an important factor in
attracting investments and business development), and as a
factor of its deterrent (for example, in event of deficiency of
power capacity to meet the needs of the national economy).
Thirdly, energy is one of the largest branches in many
countries of the world, creating a long process chains.
Moreover, the energy itself is the largest business which
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
practically has no analogues in its scope and volume of
financing in other sectors of the national economy.
At last, fourthly, energy serves as the basis of
geopolitics, sets the game rules for countries exporting and
importing energy resources, thus, becoming a guarantee of
the stability of global development. Power engineering –
one of the most important spheres of intergovernmental
cooperation at the regional and global levels within the
general economic and industry organizations. In particular,
the «Big Eight» (originally «Big Seven») was formed
precisely to discuss urgent issues of struggle with the energy
and the associated economic crisis of the 1970s.
Environment should also be understood broadly – not
like the environmental protection, but as a system of
harmonization of relations in a global system that unites
human, nature and society, also defining a certain rules of
the game, not only limitations for the subjects of global
development, but also their new opportunities of consent
and cooperation within the framework of general laws of
socio-natural development.
At the junction these elements is exhibited the
features of modern society, set new priorities and
silhouetted the problems of global development.
Thus, the interaction of economy and energy is
manifested in the appearance of problems of energy
sufficiency of the countries and regions of the world
(profligacy – for some, and the deficit – for others).
Limitations in this case determined by the availability of
energy resources, which is one of the most important
characteristics of modern lifestyle, generating Energy
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Poverty Issues and energy of luxury. For example, in a
number of South-East Asia and Latin America countries, the
development of energy infrastructure is not keeping pace
with the growth of the economy, so the energy deficit has
become an important constraining factor of economic
growth, and even simple life support (Table 1).
Table 1. Access to the electricity by world regions
Region
Population
without access
Electrification by
to electricity,
world regions, %
million people
rural urban 2005 2015 2030
30
17
94
98
99
North Africa
Africa, South of
438
109
24
34
51
Sahara
China and East
182
41
88
94
96
Asia
South Asia
580
126
43
55
66
Latin America
38
7
89
95
96
Developing
1268
300
66
72
78
countries
Source: [8].
On the contrary, in industrially developed countries
are dominated ecological protection requirements of the
environment from the harmful energy emissions, taking into
account the huge role of energy (almost 25%) and the
developed countries in the global structure of the
greenhouse gases emission.
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Thus, the global average annual CO2 emissions per
capita in 2010 was 3.9 tons; in the U.S. - 20.5 tons, in
Western Europe - 7.5 tons, 10.2 tons in Russia, in China –
2.4 tons, in India - 0.9 tons.
Problems of energy security and energy efficiency
also affect the interaction of economy, energy and the
environment. So, in terms of ensuring the energy security
we are talking, first and foremost, about the economic
independence and stability of importing countries of energy
sources. The task of reducing specific energy capacity of the
economy, reducing the ecological load on the environment
and, again, ensuring economic stability are principle in
terms of energy efficiency.
Ecology sets series of requirements for power
engineering concerning not only ensuring the safety of the
environment, but also a harmonious distribution of
resources for the sustainable development of the world
community. The problem of preventing climate change has
become a key environmental challenge now. As mentioned
above, the energy sector, together with the transport sector
of the economy, plays a decisive role in the global emission
of greenhouse gases. Thereby, the minimization of
emissions of harmful substances and environmental damage
is necessary. But even more important task is to transform
technogenic activities into non-waste production. The
solution of this problem, in the present, lies on the necessity
to develop renewable energy sources (RES) and new
technologies of complex utilization of resources and its
recycling.
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Ecology, as a system of harmonization of relations in
the global system «nature-society-human», also imposes
certain restrictions on the economy.
The State shall strive to limit the negative
environmental effects of production through the
introduction of financial sanctions, increasing the burden on
business. Ecology imposes objective restrictions on the
exponential growth of the consumer economy which was
formed during the last decade. Thus, the economy without
environment – the road to dead end, but environment
without the economy – the road to «nowhere».
Summarizing the above, we note that at the junction
of the components of the global system «nature-societyhuman» in the energy-environmental-economic approach
there arise extensive opportunities for its further
development.
Energy and Environment, in its unity, create the
foundation for reasonable accommodation of energy
industries, taking into account the natural factors, ecological
«landscape». In addition, close cooperation of specialists
from two specified areas allows to define boundaries of
rational environmental pressure on the energy. Moreover,
the huge potential of energy development lies precisely on
the energy production from the natural environment, in
consideration of nature as a source of inexhaustible energy
resources that removes the known limitations, as well as the
conversion of energy into non-waste production.
At the area of energy and economy intersection lies
the opportunity of leveling the energy poverty and energy
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
luxury of various regions of the world, which will lead to an
increase of regional energy security. Increase of production
energy efficiency is the guarantee of a possible alternative
model of sustainable economic development.
Environment also specifies the certain prospects for
economic development. So, the environment forms a
fashion that, among the others, allows appearance of new
sectors of the economy and revives old ones – for example,
eco-friendly agriculture, light industry, building and other
Thus, at the junction of the global system «naturesociety-human» components – the economy, energy and the
environment – are formed not only constraints, but also new
opportunities for its development.
In other words, energy-environmental-economic
concept of development of the global system «naturesociety-human» can be represented as a «system of
systems», where energy forms a system of activity, and
economy – the system of management, and environment – a
system of harmony of the global system «nature-societyhuman» (Fig. 3).
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES)
Fig. 3. Energy-Environmental-Economic concept of
development of complex socio-natural systems
Whereby «system of systems» is in constant dynamic
equilibrium, which is provided by a continuous cyclic
principle of its development from the condition of «order»
(crisis) through the «chaos» (movement) to the new
«structure» (crystallization of the newly formed structural
links) – Fig. 4.
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES)
Fig. 4. Continuous cyclic principle of the development of
complex socio-natural systems
However, such a cyclic development does not
proceed in a circle, it proceeds spirally, on each new turn of
which occurs constant complication (improving) of the
system structure, and hence the potential of the system. The
latter corresponds to the principles of sustainable
development in their modern interpretation, according to
which, sustainable development is a process of continuous
growth of the effectiveness of any system [10].
At sustainable development should be provided
expanded reproduction of potential of such a system,
including energy potential, whilst being not extensive, but
mainly due to internal self-organization, i.e. growth of the
institutional capacity of condition – the internal resources
(energy of chemical bonds, organization, etc.) of the system.
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Sustainable development as a unity of economic,
environmental and social priorities
Sustainable development involves a long-term
satisfaction of basic human needs of present and future
generations while preserving the life support systems of our
planet. However, such a definition of the term «sustainable
development» does not represent the aims, the means and
the potential of such a development, focusing only on the
environmental constraints of economic aspects of the
House. Meanwhile, and the economic development without
environmental restrictions does not have a long-term
perspective, and environmental restrictions can block the
development of civilization. Withdrawal from the
contradiction between the need to economic development
and the need to comply with environmental constraints lies
in the field of energy, which is not just a compromise, but a
synthesis of these two components.
The role of energy as a process of transformation of
natural resources into energy action and into a new, more
organized potential for useful work lies in the accumulation
of structural energy of technical and social systems.
Thus, sustainable development - it is a continuous
process of improving the organized nature of the system due
to an enlarged reproduction of the structural energy
(synergy potential), increasing the capabilities of the system
to perform useful work (Fig. 5). In this case, the
accumulation of structural energy in the system serves as the
criterion of sustainable development.
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES)
Fig. 5. Principled «energy» scheme of sustainable
development of the global system «nature-societyhuman»
Notes to Fig.5:
Ergatic system – a system that does work (in this case
- the economy)
NW – national wealth
Capital – monetary value of potential (resource)
In other words, if the basis of thermodynamics is the
conversion of energy into work, and the basis of sustainable
development is the transformation of the potential energy
through the kinetic energy into the structural energy [5],
during which provided continuous growth of structural
energy in the system at a predetermined time interval (Fig.
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
6). This provides the «equilibrium progress» of the entire
system development.
Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES)
Fig. 6. Sustainable development as an increase of
system’s structural energy
Notes to Fig. 6:
ТD – Thermodynamics
Ep – Potential energy (potential of the system)
ED – Ergodynamics
Ek – Kinetic energy (the work of the system)
∂E – energy change
Es - Structural energy (the structure of the system)
Capital – monetary value of potential (resource)
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
With regard to the global system «nature-society-human» sustainable
development as «equilibrium progress» is being implemented under the condition
negligibly low anthropogenic distortion of natural biosphere – in order to preserve
its equilibrium. Such situation occurred only in the early stages of mankind when
man was in balance with nature.
At the present, the situation is exactly the opposite – human intervention in
the natural biosphere becomes a global (Fig. 7). Therefore, under the influence of
anthropogenic activities, the biosphere left the equilibrium state, corresponding to
the pre-industrial period of human history.
Source: The Ecological Footprint Atlas (2010)
Fig. 7. Anthropogenic impact on the biosphere
Nowadays, the only way of realization of sustainable development is the
eco-development in anthropogenic equilibrium biosphere. The equilibrium state of
the biosphere must be supported by human on the basis of eco-management, the
main principle of which: how much human takes from the biosphere, so much (or
more) he returns (although the form of withdrawal and return may be different).
Thereby, the evolutionary biosphere function of human – maintaining the
sustainability of natural systems – fully implemented. Eco-development implies,
on the one hand, the progress through the growth of the quality of the human, and
on the other hand, the optimization of his material needs, that it is necessary to
maintain the anthropogenic equilibrium of the biosphere.
Sustainable development of the system «human in the biosphere» provides
for the progress of socium and anthropogenic equilibrium of the biosphere. Thus,
the essential task of the economy becomes the progress through the harmonious
development of human. The man, in his turn, becomes an organizing structure in
the social and natural environment, the new potential of its development. The task
and basis for a new energetism is the use of all kinds of potential resources
(natural, industrial and labor) for the purposes of vital activity, useful work and the
development.
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
In summary, we note that the concept of sustainable development of energyenvironmental-economic system assumes a balanced material-social-spiritualenvironmental development on the basis of co-creation of human and nature (Fig.
8).
Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES)
Fig. 8. Sustainable development as a unity of economic, environmental and
social priorities
The harmony of human and the global «3E – system» assumes not the
defense of nature against the anthropogenic impacts, and the overall development,
which means the effective use of previously created energy potential during the
evolution, its reproduction at a higher structural level, and self-improvement of the
global system «nature-society-human».
«The principle of energetism» in the development of complex socio-natural
systems
At the core of energy-environmental-economic concept of sustainable
development lies a philosophy of energetism. Energetism as a philosophical
doctrine of energy, as the substantial and dynamic primary basis of the world, was
developed in the late XIX - early XX centuries. Many elements of this approach
are reflected in the works of the largest Russian thinkers of the past century, such
as the S.A. Podolinksy, V.I. Vernadsky and L.N. Gumilev, the German
philosopher W. Ostwald.
In the works of S.A. Podolynsky was firstly demonstrated that the historical
and geographical, natural and socio-economic processes had a complex energy
nature that allowed to link, the seemingly, fundamentally dissimilar phenomena,
developing by its own laws, into a single system, whose dynamics was determined
by the flow of energy and its current state («accumulation» or «discharge»). [9]
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES)
Рис. 9. Energetism principle in the development of complex socio-natural
systems
Briefly, the use of the energetism principle allows us to describe the
development of complex socio-natural systems as a continuous cyclic energy
transformation of the available potential (resources, capital and other
opportunities) through the energy (action, work, creativity) into the result (GDP,
NB, quality of life, etc.), or into entelechy, which in its turn forms a new structure
or level of organized nature of the system (Fig. 9). The last energy transformation
provides a synergistic effect, exhaustion of which forces the system to move on
within the already described cycle.
Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES)
Fig. 10. World System (Ecos) as a global socio-natural capacitor
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
With regard to the global system «nature-society-human» (world system or
Eсos), we deal with the global social and natural capacitor, recharging by cosmic
energy, the evolutionary phases of development of which are determined by the
processes of energy storage and the crisis or revolutionary phenomenon – the
«discharge» of such a capacitor (Fig. 10).
The cornerstone of the energetism philosophy is very concept of energy,
which includes not only the traditional and physical idea about energy, but also the
energy of socium (according to Gumilev, «the energy of the crowd» or
«passionarity»), energy of economic and political development, spiritual and
intellectual energy of human and society, as well as the structural energy caused by
the synergistic effect of systemic harmony of Ecos.
We should especially stop on the concept of structural energy, because that
is the kind of energy «regulates» the transition from the evolutionary development
of the global system «nature-society-human» to its revolutionary transformation,
which is often accompanied by severe crisis phenomena in all spheres of human
activity. So, evolutionary development happens in conditions of the internal
structure’s stability of any socio-natural process, accompanied by the accumulation
of energy, inherent to this process. However, on serious structural violations,
development energy which was accumulated by the evolutionary way begins to
destabilize the system through revolution and crisis as long as the system does not
acquire a new structural stability.
Structural energy lies at the basis of development of world energy itself and
is manifested in the so-called change of energy patterns, which is practically
always accompanied by a series of energy crises (Figure 11).
Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES)
Fig. 11. The dynamics of world energy development in the XX-XXI centuries.
The degree of criticality accumulated structural imbalances indicator in
power engineering is the exhaustion of the opportunities of the main energy
sources and the appearance of economic development restrictions from the energy
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
sector. This is manifested in production stagnation of traditional fuel and power
resources, increasing their costs and prices, reducing the investment returns in the
fuel and power complex. The crisis stimulates the creation and implementation of
new energy sources, their shift is the inevitability and the essence of the crisis
(usually the main energy sources of the previous stage is also retained, but inferior
to the priority of the new, more efficient in terms of capability and capacity to meet
requirements of sustainable development of the system).
Structural energy is an indicator, characterizing both social and economic
life of the society. This notion can be used to describe the evolutionary nature of
almost any socio-natural process. We note that in any evolutionary systems –
energy-environmental-economy concept does not involve «static» - on the
background of the energy dissipation there happens its accumulation (in the
structural form), what is the essence of progress. As a source of development acts
opposite processes of scattering-accumulation of energy, which correspond to the
ideas of dialectics about its driving forces.
Internal source of development is associated with the differentiation of
structural energy within the system between its various elements. If the structural
energy is evenly distributed between them it would mean the absence of an internal
source of this system’s development.
Internal mechanisms of competition for structural energy dictates
«horizontally» movement of the system (self-motion) that tends to bring the values
of the structural energy to the level of its maximum value among all the elements.
External mechanism – energy input into the system – determines «vertically»
movement (self-development) – the growth of the maximum value of structural
energy. The set of «horizontally» and «vertically» movement determines the
progressive movement of evolving systems.
Such an understanding of a role and position of energy in the organization of
the world's processes allows to newly reinterpret the civilized development.
Civilization must be understood as a collection of material (substantial and the
financial and economic), as well as intangible (spiritual and human, information
and intellectual, institutional and social) status and potential of the human
community at a certain stage of its development. Here, the potential and the
development process itself are total potential and kinetic energy of the society. In
this context, the energy should be understood as the work done by the nature and
the community and leading to increase the benefits of civilization, which are not
only object of consumption, but also a means of production, a new resource for
sustainable development.
In this context, energy civilization is a set of tangible and intangible assets of
humanity in the form of its energy saturation, which is considered as a
characteristic of its being and the potential for sustainable development.
So that, a prehistoric civilization used muscle power and the simplest energy
forces of nature in its energy basis as water, air (Fig. 12).
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Source: www.spareworld.org
Fig. 12. Energy consumption at different stages of development of a
civilization (1 person per day)
Energy conversion was carried out by the fire and primitive tools, which
enabled to achieve specific energy consumption of 0.15 tons of equivalent fuel. In
connection with necessity of development of new habitats and fundraising for a
settled life, prehistoric energy civilization gave way to a culture of «axial age».
Converting the energy, in its broadest sense, through agriculture, crafts,
culture and religion the given energy civilization succeeded in achieving specific
energy consumption of 0.6 tons of equivalent fuel by consuming mechanical,
military, and construction energy as well as in metal working. Migration, war,
campaign and urban settled life required new power means that predetermined the
emergence of pre-industrial energy civilization.
The last one used still relatively meager energy base, but at the expense of a
more developed energy transformation – at the expense of water and wind wheels,
printing and engineering – managed to achieve specific energy consumption of 1
tons of equivalent fuel, using energy of mechanical rotation, heat, chemical
processes. Growth in energy demand and transition to a higher organization of
society became the reason of transition to an energy civilization of the New Time.
The fundamental difference of New Time energy civilization is the transition
to a qualitatively new primary fuel and energy resources (hydrocarbons), which
gave the opportunity fuller use of wealth of earth interior. The large-scale use of
energy, transformed at the expense of thermotechnical and electrotechnical devices
into the powered energy carriers – steam, motor fuel and electricity, allowed
mankind to pass the stage of industrial development.
The economic factor of management, which, as we noted above, is one of
the types of energy vital activity, has led to the appearance of the virtual factor –
the money supply, that should be considered as a means of energy equivalent
exchange.
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Moreover, the studies of some economists show that the money supply is the
energy of modern civilization development [2]. This is, particularly, confirmed by
the fact that the formula of aggregate social product growth (as one of the
analogues of GDP) is equivalent to the physical formula of kinetic energy: E =
mc2. Only as a mass acts the money supply, and in the form of velocity square –
the intensity of labor or production.
At the level of higher generalizations, practically all economic and
information processes in the world can be represented in the form of energy
formula: E = mc2, where E is the value of physical energy as well as growth of
aggregate social product and the flow of information (containing «hidden» energy),
m - potential (physical resource, investment capital, structural factor), and the
velocity square represents the intensity of the energy process, economic production
and exchange of information. Accordingly, the same expression can represent the
environmental flow of entropy (destruction) energy under the influence of the mass
of hazardous waste, and the rate determines the intensity of environmental
degradation.
Thus, the energy formula can be justifiably regarded as the energy formula
of civilization development, which once again clearly demonstrates propriety of
applying the energetism principle within the description of the development of the
triadic system «energy-environment-economy».
In conclusion, we would like to emphasize that we are now living in a period
of macrocivilizational transition [11], when the socio-natural system makes a leap
to a completely new level of its development and structural organization through a
wave of the crisis. From the position of energetism theory, it means «discharge» of
global socio-natural capacitor when the structural energy of the system, having
exhausted the synergistic effect of the development within the «old» structural
shell begins to move for switching to new steady state, creating a new energy
civilization.
At the same, new energy civilization will not be based on the quantitative
growth of the energy wealth, and it will be based on its qualitative development at
the expense of new structural factors of receipt, transfer, stockpiling and use of
energy.
A practical application of the new paradigm of energy development will be
the transition from the fuel power itself to the «electric world», i.e. to power
engineering based on electricity as the most qualified and easy-to-use energy
carrier.
The key features of the «electric world» are:
1.
continuous expansion of sources of energy (from biomass up to oceans’
energy and the direct production of energy from the environment);
2.
the creation of intelligent control systems of new generation energy system;
3.
decentralization of power generation and its integration into the
technosphere;
4.
convergence of producers and consumers of energy (energy consumer can
not only consume but also produce energy and deliver it to the market);
ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
5.
development of long-distance electricity transmission technologies and the
technologies of energy storage in the energy system;
6.
the spread of electric transport.
This is not the end of the oil (coal, gas) era, it is the end of the fuel era,
which lasted all of 200 years of existence of industrial economy and energy. At
the same, the oil and gas business will not disappear, and it will become a resource
support of the formation of an «electric world» in the early stages through the
preferential development of production of unconventional hydrocarbons (shale oil
and gas, gas hydrates, etc.) which have wider dissemination in the world than the
traditional oil and gas. However, the development of a «conditionally fuel free»
technologies of energy production will increase (RES, nuclear energy, etc.).
Particular importance in the context of the civilizational development
acquires transport and energy infrastructure that will not only provide the
conditions for the development of civilization, but also organize this process,
optimizing the whole system of socio-economic and ethno-cultural relations in the
framework of a new energy civilization of the future.
A distinctive feature of the new civilization is the transition from a consumer
economy to the social and natural humanism, when a person acts not just as a
growing quantitatively and qualitatively consumer of new goods and new
resources, as well as the organizer of the harmonic sustainable development of
global system «nature-society-human».
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Bosacheva Z.N. The formula of economic growth. М.: Economy, 2007.
Bosacheva Z.N. Freedom is the cognized of necessity // Economic
strategies. 2007. №8. 122-129 pages.
Bushuev V.V. Apocalypse-2012 and the new energy civilization // Effective
anticrisis management. 2011. №5(68). 42-51 pages.
Bushuev V.V. Energy and evolution. М.: IAC «Energiya», 2009.
Bushuev V.V., Golubev V.S. Fundamentals of ergodynamics. — М.: ООО «
IAC « Energiya », 2002
Global Energy and Sustainable Development (White Book) / Ed. Bushuev
V.V. and Mastepanov A.M. — М.: ISEDC, 2009.
Gromov А.I. Energy basis of global system «nature-society-human»// The
energy policy. 2012. №3. 17-23 pages.
World Energy – 2050 (White Book) / Ed. Bushuev V.V., Kalamanov
V.А.— М.: PH «Energiya», 2011.
Podolinksy S.A. Human labor and its relation to the distribution of energy.
SPb.: «Delo», 1880.
Sustainable development of oil and gas companies: from theory to practice /
Ed. Bushuev V.V. – М.: PC «Energiya», 2012
Energy origins and consequences of global crisis of the 2010s /Ed. V.V.
Bushuev, Doctor of Engineering, Prof. and А.I. Gromov, PhD in Geography
– М.: PH «Energiya», 2012.