Download Basal ganglia Axial cut

‫درس امروز‬
‫نحوه تشکیل‪ ،‬محل قرار گیری‬
‫نحوه ارتباط بطن های مغزی با یکدیگر و با فضای زیر‬
‫عنکبوتیه‬
‫بررسی ساختار هسته های قاعده ای مغز‬
‫اعصاب دوازده گانه مغزی‬
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‫نحوه تشکیل بطن های مغزی‬
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‫محل قرارگیری بطن های مغزی‬
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‫محل قرارگیری بطن های مغزی‬
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‫نحوه ارتباط بطن های مغزی با یکدیگر‬
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‫نحوه ارتباط بطن های مغزی با فضای زیر عنکبوتیه‬
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Basal ganglia
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Caudate N.
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Subthalamic N.
Substantia nigra
putamen: Latin = shell of seed
pallidus: Latin = pale
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Lateral
Medial
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BG functions & pathology
• Motor control
• Motivation
• Eye movements
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Cerebral palsy
Huntington's disease
Parkinson's disease
Stuttering
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Cranial Nerve 1: Olfactory Nerve
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Cranial Nerve II: Optic Nerve
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Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI: Oculomotor, Trochlear,
Abducens
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Oculomotor
Innervates 4 extraocular muscles and functions in most eye movements
Contains parasympathetic which innervates pupillary constrictor muscles
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Trochlear
Nerve exits dorsal surface and crosses over
Moves eye medially and downward
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Abducens
Moves eye laterally
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Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal Nerve
Trigeminal ganglion
Ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular divisions
•Sensory: Touch, pain, temp, proprioception for face, oral and nasal cavities.
•Motor: Muscles for mastication.
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Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal Nerve
• V1. Ophthalmic
– Exits with eye muscle group (superior orbital fissure, through orbit to
superior orbital notch/foramina)
– Sensory to forehead, nasal cavity
• V2. Maxillary
– Exits foramen rotundum through wall of maxillary sinus to inferior orbital
foramina)
– Sensory to cheek, upper lip, teeth, nasal cavity
• V3. Mandibular
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Exits foramen ovale to mandibular foramen to mental foramen
Motor to jaw muscles-Masseter, temporalis, pterygoids, digastric
Sensory to chin
Taste Sensory to tongue (from facial N.)
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Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
1. Motor function: muscles of facial expression.
2. Parasympathetic function: innervation to lacrimal glands and some
salivary gland.
3. Visceral sensory function: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
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Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
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Cranial Nerve VIII: Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Auditory and vestibular sensation
Travels with facial nerve
Branches go to cochlea, vestibule
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Vestibular and Cochlear Sensory Organs
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Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Motor function: stylopharyngeus muscle which elevates pharynx during
talking and swallowing.
Parasympathetic function: innervation of parotid salivary gland.
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Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve
Motor function:
pharyngeal muscles &
laryngeal muscles
Parasympathetic function:
heart, lungs, most if digestive
tract.
Somatic sensation function:
sensation from pharynx,
meninges, external auditory
meatus
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Cranial Nerve XI: Spinal Accessory Nerve
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Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal Nerve
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Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal Nerve
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Basal ganglia Axial cut
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Basal ganglia Axial cut
Brain: axial cut, T1-weighted - Image 11
1, Frontal horn of lateral ventricle.
2, Anterior limb internal capsule.
3, Caudate nucleus.
4, Lenticular nucleus.
5, Thalamus.
6, Lateral ventricle.
LF, Frontal Gyri.
LO, Occipital Gyri.
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Basal ganglia coronal cut
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Basal ganglia coronal cut
Coronal T2-weighted cut.
1, Superior frontal gyrus.
2, Middle frontal gyrus.
3, Inferior frontal gyrus.
4, Lenticular nucleus.
6, Optic chiasm.
7, Inferior temporal gyrus.
8, Middle temporal gyrus.
9, Middle cerebral artery.
10, Superior temporal gyrus.
11, Anterior limb internal capsule.
12, Caudate nucleus.
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