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Introduction to Cross Sectional Anatomy Chris Kowtko, MSRS, R.T. (R)(M) 20th WCEC Student-Educator – Radiographer Seminar 1 2 ABDOMEN Musculo-Skeletal System Psoas muscle Crura of Diaphragm Vertebra Ilium Pubic Ribs 3 1 ABDOMEN Digestive system Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Accessory organs • Liver & gall bladder • Bile ducts • Pancreas 4 Esophagus Anterior to vertebral bodies; aorta Posterior & medial to stomach Stomach Fundus-superior to EG junction; very posterior Body-more anterior than fundus Pylorusretroperitoneal & medial 5 Small Intestine Duodenumretroperitoneal Jejunum-anterior midabdomen Ileum-anterior in pelvis Large intestine Cecum-retroperitoneal Ascending colonretroperitoneal Hepatic flexure-posterior Transverse colon-most anterior Splenic flexure-most superior 6 2 Descending colonretroperitoneal Sigmoid colonanterior Rectumretroperitoneal 7 Accessory Organs Liver Right lobe Left lobe Quadrate lobe Caudate lobe 8 Gall bladder Pancreas Head Tail Body 9 3 Lymphatic System Spleen LUQ Posterior to stomach 10 Endocrine System Adrenal Glands Retroperitoneal Superior poles of kidneys 11 Urinary System Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra 12 4 Kidneys Retroperitoneal Cortex-doughnut Rt-post. to liver Lt-post. to stomach, pancreas, spleen 13 Ureters Retroperitoneal Ant. to IIA & IIV; Post. to EIA & EIV Urinary Bladder Post. to symphysis Urethra 14 15 5 Vascular System Arterial Phase Venous Phase Hepatic-Portal system Veins larger in diameter Upper abd-Veins anterior to arteries Lower abd/Pelvisarteries anterior to veins 16 Arterial Phase Abdominal aorta Celiac trunk Superior mesenteric a. Renal a. Inferior mesenteric a. Common iliac a. Internal iliac a. External iliac a 17 ABDOMEN Abdominal Aorta Celiac Trunk Branches: Left Gastric artery Splenic artery Hepatic artery Fairly midline 18 6 Superior Mesenteric Artery Just below Celiac Same level as Lt renal vein entering IVC 19 Renal Arteries Inferior to SMA Rt-longer Lt-superior to Rt 20 Common Iliac Arteries Bifurcation of Aorta Level of L4 Superior to formation of IVC 21 7 Internal iliac arteries Posterior to external External iliac arteries 22 ABDOMEN Venous Phase Inferior vena cava Renal v. Common iliac v. Internal iliac v. External iliac v. Hepatic-Portal System Hepatic v. Portal v. Splenic v. Superior mesentaric v. Inferior mesentaric v. Internal & External Iliac veins Common Iliac veins 23 24 8 Inferior Vena Cava Ascends on Rt side of Aorta Largest vein Retroperitoneal 25 Renal veins Lateral aspects of IVC Lt-longer; Anterior to aorta 26 Hepatic veins Drain into IVC Superior to Portal vein Most superior of liver vessels 27 9 Hepatic Portal System Porta Hepatis Portal vein: IMV SMV Splenic vein 28 CHEST Cardiovascular System Heart Great vessels • • • • • Aorta Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Respiratory System Trachea Primary bronchii R & L lung 29 Respiratory System Trachea Primary bronchii R & L lung 30 10 Heart 4 chambers • • • • Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle 31 Right Atrium Right Ventricle Left Atrium Left ventricle most superior most anterior most posterior most inferior 32 Arterial Phase Aortic arch • Brachiocephalic a. • R Common carotid a. • R Subclavian a. • L Common carotid a. • L Subclavian a. 33 11 Anterior to Posterior off Aortic Arch: Brachiocephalic A. L Subclavian A. L Common Carotid A. 34 Aortic Arch Ascending Aorta Descending Aorta 35 Venous Phase Superior vena cava •R&L Brachiocephalic v. 36 12 Superior Vena Cava 37 Pulmonary Phase Pulmonary trunk/artery • R & L Pulmonary Arteries 38 Pulmonary veins 2 from Right 2 from Left 39 13 CHEST Musculo-Skeletal System Pectoral muscle • Major • Minor Sternum Vertebra Ribs Clavicle Scapula 40 14