Download 3 rd Harmonic Currents - Maryland Public Service Commission

EmPower Maryland
2012 Plan Stakeholder Meeting
1 November 2010
BG&E
Baltimore, Maryland
Potential for Energy Savings
in the Electrical Distribution System
R. C Kaufman, VP Sales
Harmonics Limited
724-981-6335
[email protected]
Presentation Outline
• Company Background
• Key Customers / Installed Base
• The Harmonic Suppression System
– Application
– Target Markets
– Technology
– Benefits
– Products
– Justification, ROI and Verification
• Summary
• Q and A
Harmonics Limited
Delaware Corporation – 2001
Offices:
Headquarters: Brookfield, CT
Technology Center: Raleigh NC
Sales Offices: Pittsburgh, PA; Roanoke, VA
A Leader in Harmonic Suppression Technology
Patent(s) Protected (10/21/03, 8/15/06 & 4/14/10)
1,000 Major Clients Throughout United States
Select Client Installations by Industry
COLLEGES and UNIVERSITIES
MIT – Sloan School
Stanford University
Yale University
FINANCIAL SERVICES
Bank of America
HSBC
UBS
GAMING
Chickasaw Nation Casinos (OK)
Foxwoods & Mohegan Sun Casinos (CT)
GOVERNMENT
CaLSTRS
CA Franchise Tax Board
HIGH TECH
IBM
Pratt & Whitney
Sun Microsystems
HOSPITALS
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Massachusetts General Hospital
Scripps Mercy Hospital (CA)
MEDIA
ABC
ESPN
CBS
FOX
PHARMACEUTICAL / BIOTECH
Boston Scientific
Bristol Meyers Squibb
The Harmonic Suppression System
R. C Kaufman, VP Sales
Harmonics Limited
724-981-6335
[email protected]
The Problem / Application
Electronic equipment operating in virtually all
schools, commercial and public office buildings,
hospitals, and recreation complexes generates
damaging 3rd harmonic currents that waste
energy in the electrical power distribution
system.
Harmonics Limited has a solution for this
problem that is cost effective and reduces
energy consumption.
Potential Customers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Schools (K-12, Colleges and Universities)
Hospitals
Commercial Office Complexes / Buildings
Financial Institutions – Banks and Brokerages
Call Centers / Data Centers
Government Buildings
Gaming Complexes (Casinos)
Testing / Research and Development Facilities
Installed transformers rated K-7 and above
AC to DC - Switch Mode Power Supplies
Most All Electronic Gear
Computers
Printers
Communication Equipment
Copiers
Gaming Machines
 Imaging and Diagnostic Equipment
Test Equipment
Monitors
3rd Harmonic Currents
PEAKS
ZERO CROSSINGS
AMPLITUDE
Irregular Current Draw From SMPS
results in non linear waveforms from
the fundamental waveform.
Fundamental – 60Hz
3rd Harmonic – 180Hz
5th Harmonic – 300Hz
7th Harmonic – 420Hz
9th Harmonic – 540Hz
Etc….
VOLTAGE
CURRENT
180
WAVE ANGLE
AMPLITUDE
FUNDAMENTAL
3rd HARMONIC
360
CURRENT % FUNDAMENTAL
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
5th HARMONIC
1
3
5
7
9
HARMONIC NUMBER
11
13
15
17
19
Harmonic Currents and Their Effects
The Problem
100
80
60
• Harmonic currents take up capacity and do no work
• Generate heat in the transformer
• The 3rd harmonic is additive in the neutral
• Neutral current can exceed phase current
40
20
1
3
5
7
9
11 13 15 17 19
With HSS
Without HHS
The Effects
250
• Decreased kVA capacity
200
• OVERLOADING - Neutral Currents are not
Fused or Monitored
• Overheating of transformers
• Distorted voltage and current waveforms
• Breakers trip
• Unreliable operation of electronic equipment
• Increased maintenance of equipment and machinery
• Wasted energy and higher electric costs
150
100
50
0
1
3
5
With HHS
7
9
11 13 15 17 19
Without HHS
What is an Harmonic Suppression System?
• A Passive Parallel Resonant Circuit installed in the neutral
• Blocks frequencies near 180 Hz (3rd harmonic) – near infinite impedance
• Passes other frequencies ( i.e..@60Hz, < 50 m Ohms of impedance)
• Eliminates the 3rd harmonic in the entire system
• No need to run double neutrals
180 Hz
Summary of Benefits
• Reduces energy usage by 3% to 8%
• Increases useable transformer capacity
• Removes HEAT from entire electrical distribution system
– potential for HVAC savings
• Extends transformer life and lowers maintenance cost
• Emissions reduced 1.35 lbs CO2 / kWh
• Passive system – maintenance is not required
• Used in renovation, new construction and to resolve
power quality issues
The Products – SysteMax and TransMax
• Stand alone filter sized to the transformer – 30kVA to 1,000kVA
– Performs with all transformer types - TP-1, Phase Shift (Zig-Zag), K-Rate
and New CSL-3
– Normally installed in 4 to 6 hours on an existing transformer – downtime
typically less than 1 hour – can be switched hot
– Installation done by a qualified electrician and/or facility engineer
• Transformer with Integrated Harmonic Filter
– TP-1 Standard
– CSL-3 Option
Justification / Verification
•
New installation - engineering estimate of transformer loading and percent
of non-linear load (K-Rated)
•
Existing transformer - testing is done to determine actual total and
harmonic loads – each phase and neutral
•
Determination made of potential reduction in energy use
•
ROI analysis completed based on TOC (Total Ownership Cost) – typically
18 to 36 months – dependent on transformer loading and energy cost
•
Post installation transformer testing / monitoring
Summary
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•
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•
•
Patented Technology
Proven in the field for >15 years
Passive – maintenance not required
Eliminates not just accommodates 3rd harmonic currents
Reduces HEAT in the transformer and distribution system
– Lower Energy Consumption
– 3% to 8%
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•
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Increases useable transformer capacity
Compatible with all transformers including new CSL-3 high efficiency
ROI can be 18 to 36 months
Used in new construction, renovation, and with existing transformer
R. C Kaufman, VP Sales
Harmonics Limited
724-981-6335
[email protected]
Thank You
Questions
R. C Kaufman, VP Sales
Harmonics Limited
724-981-6335
[email protected]
Backup Slides
R. C Kaufman, VP Sales
Harmonics Limited
724-981-6335
[email protected]
Linear Voltage-Current Relationship
Voltage and current have the
same mathematical
relationship across the entire
cycle
• Motors
AMPLITUDE
• Incandescent Light Bulbs
PEAKS
ZERO
CROSSINGS
CURRENT
VOLTAGE
• Resistance Heaters
0
180
WAVE ANGLE
360
Harmonic Suppression System Installation
NO 3rd Harmonic Currents
Circulate in Delta or Wye
TRANSFORMER ENCLOSURE
PHASE C
60Hz
X0
PRIMARY CIRCUIT
BREAKER
PHASE B
60Hz
PHASE A
HSS
60Hz
**Installed between the neutral “XO” of the
transformer & combined neutral “return”.**
COMPUTER
COMPUTER
COMPUTER
TO BUILDING STEEL
•60Hz imbalanced current only in combined return neutral
•NO 3rd Harmonic currents can exist
The Competition
•
K-Rate Transformer
– Accommodates 3rd harmonic current – does NOT eliminate – flows in entire
system
– Requires double neutral to carry 3rd harmonic current
– Wastes energy – harmonic current dissipated in primary as HEAT
•
HMT (Zig-Zag) Transformer
– Harmonic current flow blocked “upstream” to primary - dissipated as HEAT in the
secondary – still flows in the system (downstream) in loads
– Wastes energy
– Like K-Rate, requires double neutral to carry 3rd harmonic current
•
Active Filter
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–
–
–
–
Comprised of voltage amplifiers and active components that sense currents
Requires relatively stable load
Possible maintenance issues
Limited energy savings, if any
High cost
3rd Harmonic Heat Generation in Transformer Cores
• Harmonic Suppression Systems Significantly Reduce System Heat
• Heat = Direct Correlation to Energy Loss
Core, without HSS
Tmax = 155°C
Core, with HSS
Tmax = 119°C
MTBF of Passive Harmonic Suppression Systems
Major Components of HSS
• Inductor – UL approved coil of wire oversized and rated to handle short circuit current.
• UL rating is > 500,000 hrs (57 years)
• Capacitors – UL approved 240VAC line voltage rating, designed for power factor correction
• Self repairing polypropylene dielectrics in event of pin hole
• Typically operating voltages capacitors will see inside HSS is 24-30Volts
• Multiple redundancy. In event a capacitor where to fail, redundant capacitors see a slight
shift in resonance frequency and to continue to work to original performance.
• Designed to 5% of rated duty of capacitor’s recommended operation (voltage & temp)
• Equates to MTBF > 50 years
• Much greater chance of a transformer failure – typically due to non-linear harmonic loads
Quality & Reliability of a Passive Harmonic Suppression is Built-In
• Inherent design equates to MTBF > 50 Years
• >8,000 HSS systems in the field
• 5 Year Warranty
Library of 3rd Party Articles Available
IEEE-519 Compliance
•
HL Harmonic Suppression Systems meet all IEEE-519 Compliance
• IEEE-519 refers to Point of Common Coupling
• Exterior to the infrastructure (incoming utility)
• Where a consumer of power might cause interference with other
customers sharing the same utility.
• IEEE-519 does not reference anything with regard to internal
infrastructures where a load transformer or HSS would be installed
• HL’s HSS removes 3rd harmonics from the primary winding of the transformer
where any impact to the utility drop (PCC) and IEEE-519 is of interest
Library of 3rd Party Articles Available