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Download PARTS OF SPEECH NOTES Eight Parts of Speech: Noun: Pronoun:
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PARTS OF SPEECH NOTES Eight Parts of Speech: noun (names) adverb (describes, limits) pronoun (replaces) preposition (relates) verb (states action or being) conjunction (connects) adjective (describes, limits) interjection (expresses strong feeling) N No ou un n:: a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. common noun: is general name of person, place, or thing. example: That boy is four years old. proper noun: is a name of a particular person, place, or thing. example: My son goes to Northwoods Elementary School. abstract noun: is a name of an idea or feeling. It cannot be seen, heard or touched. example: Honesty is the best policy. P Prro on no ou un n:: a word that takes the place of one or more nouns Max always supports his soccer team. Antecedent: the word or group of words that a pronoun replaces, or refers to. Max always supports his soccer team. personal pronoun (refers to a specific person/thing or shows possession) first person: I, me, my, mine, we, us our, ours second person: you, your, yours third person: he, him, his, she, her, hers, it , its, they, them, their, theirs reflexive pronoun (has self/selves in it): myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves indefinite pronoun (do not refer to a specific person/thing and don’t have antecedents): all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, most, neither, none, no one, nothing, one, several, some, someone, something demonstrative pronoun (points out certain people or things): this, that, these, those interrogative pronoun (used to ask a question): who, whom, which, what V Ve errb b:: a word used to express action (run), existence (is) or occurrence (happen). action verb: tells what the action a subject is performing. (shows action, movement, mental action or ownership) First find the subject. Then ask yourself what did the subject do? example: The bat flew silently across the dark sky. (The subject is bat. What did the bad do? Flew is the action verb.) Physical Action: lives Mental Action: believe Ownership: have helping verb: auxiliary verb that helps to make up a verb phrase. VERB PHRASE: is the main verb plus one or more helping verbs. example: We have been asking for a pet for a long time. Common Helping Verbs be am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been have has, have, had do do, does, did others may, might, must, can, could, shall, should, will, would linking verb: links the subject with another word that renames or describes the subject. also called state-of-being verbs; verbs that do not show action. example: Last month was unusually cold. (was links month with cold.) Common Forms of BE Used as Linking Verbs Additional Linking Verbs be was could be have been appear look sound is were should be has been become remain stay am shall be may be could have been feel seem taste might be must have been grow smell turn are will be V Ve errb b:: CONTINUED….. regular verb: forms its past and past participle by adding –ed or –d to the present.. examples: PRESENT stretch jog bury PRESENT PARTICIPLE (is) stretching (is) jogging (is ) burying PAST stretched jogged buried PAST PARTICIPLE (have) stretched (have ) jogged (have) buried irregular verb: does not form its past and past participle by adding –ed or –d to the present.. example: See the Irregular Verbs hand out!!!!! Six groups and a set of six problem verbs. A Ad djje ec cttiivve e:: a word that is used to describe or modify a noun or pronoun. It answers questions = Which one? What kind/type? How many? What Kind? : fresh water hot, dry day southern state How Many/Much? : three days many nights no rain Which One? : that desert those camels this jeep A Ad dvve errb b:: a word that used to describe or modify a verb, adjective, or other adverb. it makes writing more precise or exact. It answers questions = How? Where? When? To What Extent? How? : The giraffe stepped carefully. Where? : The zebra headed north. When? : Then it reached for a leaf. To What Extent? : The reporter almost photographed the antelope. P Prre ep po ossiittiio on n:: a word that shows the relationship between a noun/pronoun and another word in the sentence. It shows position, direction, or time and introduces a prepositional phrase. before the intersection at the intersection across the intersection after the intersection The building is the school. examples: about above across after against along among around at before behind below beneath beside between beyond by down during for from in inside into near of off on out outside over through into toward under until up with within without C Co on njju un nc cttiio on n:: a word that connects words or groups of words. Used with a comma, they can make a compound sentence. and but or yet IIn ntte errjje ec cttiio on n:: some examples: aha well both either neither/nor a word that expresses a strong feeling. oh ugh yes yikes goodness wow oops ouch yippee hooray A Arrttiic clle e:: a word that modifies a nouns; make nouns more specific; NOT an adjective (a, an, the) Use a before a word that begins with a consonant sound. Use an before a word that begins with a vowel sound. examples: a wildflower a dune an hour an oasis