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WEEK ONE
Chapter 1
Evolution: you are responsible
Autotrophic / Hetertrophic
Respiration – aerobic / anaerobic
Prokaryotic / eukaryotic
Annual / perennial
Plant structures:
Roots:
Stems:
Leaves:
Epidermis:
Cuticle:
Stomata: guard cells
Cork:
Vascular plants
Xylem:
Phloem:
Meristems:
Apical meirstem:
Lateral:
Primary:
Secondary growth:
Seed plants / seedless plants
Seed:
Spore:
Chapter 2
You are responsible: Four organic macromolecules
Mono, di, poly
Hydrophilic / hydrophobic
Hydrolysis / dehydration synthesis (condensation)
Chitin
Glycogen
Triglycerides: unsaturated / saturated
Phospholipids / phospholipids bilayer
Protein structure
The five alkaloids
The terpenes: isoprene, essential oils, taxol, rubber
figure 2-4
Starch:
Amylose:
Amylopectin:
figure 2-5
Cellulose:
Fructans:
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Waxes:
cutin:
suberin:
Epicuticular wax:
Sitosterol:
Ergosterol
Figure 2-12
Primary metabolites:
Secondary metabolites:
figure 2-22
Alkaloids:
Figure 2-23
Terpenoids:
insert a phenol group table 17-3 chemistry
Phenolics:
Flavonoids:
co-pigmentation
Tanins:
Lignins
Salicylic acid:
Chapter 3
You are responsible for: all the organelles in common
Cell theory
Ploidy
Cell cycle: mitosis
Figure 3-3
Plant cell structures
Protoplast:
Vacuoles:
Tonoplast:
Cell sap:
Plastids:
Function:
figure 3-10
Chloroplast:
chlorophyll:
Thylokoid membrane system
Grana thylakoid:
Stroma thylakoid:
Stroma:
Chromoplast:
Leucoplast:
amyloplast:
Proplastid:
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Prolamellar
Etioplast:
Insert fig 3-13
Cell wall:
Cellulose
Microfibrils:
figure 3-27
Cellulose framework:
Hemicellulose:
Pectin
Figure 3.29
Primary cell wall:
Primary pit-fields:
Middle lamella:
Secondary cell wall:
figure 3-30
Pit:
Pit membrane:
Plasmodesmata:
fugure 3-34
Cell cycle unique to plants
Phragmosome:
Preprophase band:
Cell plate:
Phragmoplast:
figure 3-7
Review the following chapters
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
WEEK TWO
Chapter 7
Read the history
Photosynthesis
Location:
3
Figure 10-2 Campbell text
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Electromagnetic spectrum
Figure 7-4
Absorption:
Reflection:
Pigment:
figure 7-5
absorption spectrum
From biochemistry text.
Photosynthetic pigmets
Chlorophyll - green
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll c
Bacteriochlorophyll
Chlorobium chlorophyll
Caroteoids
Carotene:
Xanthophylls:
Phycobilins
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Reactions of photosynthesis
Figure 7-9
Overview of photosynthesis
3CO2 + 6H2O  C3H6O3 + 3O2 +3H2O
3CO2 + 9ATP + 6NADPH + 6H+  G3P + 9ADP + 8Pi + 6NADP+ + 3H2O
6CO2 + 12H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 +12H2O
6CO2 + 18ATP + 12NADPH + 12H+  C6H12O6 + 18ADP + 18Pi + 12NADP+ + 6H2O
Light dependent reactions
Reactants:
Products:
Location:
Figure 7-10
Photosystems:
antenna complex:
reaction center:
Figure 7-11
Flow of electron – light dependent reactions
From water to NADP+
P680 oxidized  ETS  NADP+
Replace e- from water by photolysis
enzyme located lumen side of thylakoid
2H2O  4 e- + 4H+ + O2
Figure 7-12
Chemeosmosis
Carbon fixing reactions
C3 pathway – Calvin cycle
Reactants:
Products:
RuBP – ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate
Location:
Carbon fixing
Figure 7-16
RuBp  PGA
3-phophoglycerate
Rubisco (RuBP carboxylase):
carbosylase:
Rubisco (RuBP oxygenase):
oxygenase:
Reduction
Figure 7-17
PGA  PGAL
3-phosphglycerate kinase:
kinase:
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Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase:
dehydrogenase:
Regeneration
PGAL  RuBP
Figure 7-18
One turn of Calvin cycle:
three turns:
3CO2 + 9ATP + 6NADPH + 6H+  PGAL + 9ADP + 8Pi + 6NADP+ + 3H2O
C4 pathway:
Figure 7-21
First product:
PEP + CO2  oxaloacetate
PEP carboxylase:
Location:
Oxaloacetate + NH3+  malate or aspartate
Location:
amino acid (malate or aspartate)  CO2 + pyruvate
Location:
Pyruvate + ATP  PEP
Location:
Figure 7-26
CAM – crassulacean acid metabolism
at night with stomata open
PEP + CO2  oxaloacetate  malate
in daylight stomata closed
malate decarboxylated (CO2)  RuBP Calvin cycle in chloroplast
WEEK THREE
Evolution Chapter 11
Review chapter 8
Darwin:
Selection
Natural selection
Figure 22-12 Campbell text
Artificial selection:
Figure 11-3
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Gene pool:
Gene pool:
Population:
Species:
Biological species:
Geographical species:
Hardy-Weinberg Law
1. No mutation
2. Isolation from other populations
3. Large population
4. Random mating
5. No natural selection
Similar to Newton’s first law
Microevolution
Mechanisms:
Mutation:
figure 11-4
Gene flow:
Genetic drift:
Figure 11-5
Founder effect:
Bottle neck:
Nonrandom mating
Adaptation:
Figure 11-6
Adaptation to physical environment:
Developmental plasticity:
Cline:
Ecotype:
figure 11-9
Speciation)
Allopatric speciation:
Adaptive radiation:
8
.
Sympatric speciation:
Polyploidy:
Nondisjunction:
Autopolyploidy
Autopolyploid:
figure 11-11
Allopolyploidy
figure 11-12
Systematics: chapter 12
Systematics:
Phylogeny:
Taxonomy:
Father of taxonomy
Binomial system nomenclature:
Rules for scientific naming found in:
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria
type specimen –
Figure 12-3
subspecies or varieties:
Phylogeny based classification system
Monophyletic:
Polyphyletc:
Homologous:
Analogous:
Plant phylogenies
phylogenetic trees
Figure 12-4
Cladistic method.
Outgroups
Cladogram
Figure 12-6
Figure 12-7
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Division of the kingdoms:
Methods of Classification
Gross morphological characteristics:
Molecular systematics
The Origin of Major Groups of Organisms:
In Linnaeus’s time
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
Archae and Bacteria:
Eukarya – eukaryotes
Serial endosymbiotic theory
Figure 12-10
Animalia:
Plantae:
Alternation of generations
Fungi:
Protista:
Life Cycle:
Zygotic meiosis:
Gametic meiosis:
Sproatic meiosis:
Isomorphic:
Hetermorphic:
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