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Organic Compounds Matter and Energy Level A Miguel is collecting examples of organic compounds found in the food he ingests. In the table below, he has listed each food item, an organic compound found within it, and the molecular formula for the compound he identified. Miguel notices that each of the organic compounds he listed contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). A few of the organic compounds also contain nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S). Food Item Organic Compound Chemical Formula TylenolTM Acetaminophen C8H_N_O_ Energy Drink Caffeine C_H10N_O_ Wheat Bread Sucrose (sugar) C12H_O_ Orange Citric Acid C_H_O_ Multivitamin Riboflavin C17H_N_O_ Spinach Folic Acid C_H_N_O6 Candy with Food Dye Sulfanilic Acid C_H_N_O_S_ Miguel knows that the chemical formula for any compound provides information regarding the total number of atoms in the compound. For example, in the water molecule, H2O, there are three total atoms: two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. In his table, Miguel removed some of the numbers (subscripts) that indicate exactly how many atoms, for a certain element, there are in the compound’s chemical formula. Use the riddles below to help you construct numeric equations that can be used to solve for the missing numbers in each chemical formula. Once finished, use your answers to complete the chemical formulas for each compound listed in Miguel’s table. 1. Acetaminophen’s chemical formula contains 2 times as many oxygen atoms as nitrogen atoms. There is 1 more hydrogen atom than carbon atoms. If there are 20 total atoms in the chemical formula for acetaminophen and 8 of them are carbon atoms, how many hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms are there? Analyze given information: 20 total; 8 carbon 2 times as many oxygen as nitrogen 1 more hydrogen than carbon Formulate a plan or strategy: Solve for hydrogen Solve for oxygen and nitrogen Determine a solution: Evaluate process and reasonableness: Do your answers add to 20? 1 Organic Compounds Matter and Energy Level A 2. Caffeine’s chemical formula contains 2 times as many nitrogen atoms as oxygen atoms and 2 times as many carbon atoms as nitrogen atoms. There are 10 hydrogen atoms. If there are 24 total atoms in the chemical formula for caffeine, how many carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms are there? Analyze given information: 24 total; ___ hydrogen 2 times as many ___________ as nitrogen 2 times as many nitrogen as __________ Formulate a plan or strategy: Use a model Determine a solution: Evaluate process and reasonableness: Do your answers add to 24? 3. For the sucrose compound, there are 45 total atoms. There are 1/2 as many oxygen atoms as hydrogen atoms. There are 12 carbon atoms. How many hydrogen and oxygen atoms are there? Analyze given information: 45 total; 12 carbon 1/2 as many oxygen as ____________ Formulate a plan or strategy: Use a model Solve for hydrogen Solve for oxygen Determine a solution: Evaluate process and reasonableness: Do your answers add to 45? 12 Carbon Hydrogen Hydrogen Oxygen 45 total 4. Citric acid’s chemical formula contains 21 total atoms. There are 3/4 as many carbon atoms as hydrogen atoms. One-third of all of the atoms in the formula are oxygen atoms. How many carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are there in the chemical formula for citric acid? (Hint: you may want to think about the ratio of atoms for carbon to hydrogen as 3 to 4.) Analyze given information: 21 total 1\3 total are __________ 3\4 as many ________ as hydrogen Formulate a plan or strategy: Solve for oxygen Solve for carbon and hydrogen Use a T-chart to help Determine a solution: Evaluate process and reasonableness: Do your answers add to 21? Oxygen: Carbon 3 Hydrogen 4 Total 7 2 Organic Compounds Matter and Energy Level A 5. Riboflavin’s chemical formula contains 5 times as many hydrogen atoms than nitrogen atoms. There are 11 fewer oxygen atoms than carbon atoms. There are 1.5 times as many oxygen atoms as nitrogen atoms. There are 17 carbon atoms. How many hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms are there? Analyze given information: 17 carbon 5 times as many _________ as nitrogen 11 fewer oxygen than carbon 1.5 times as many oxygen as nitrogen Formulate a plan or strategy: Solve for oxygen Solve for hydrogen and nitrogen Determine a solution: Evaluate process and reasonableness: Do your answers add to 47? 6. In the chemical formula for folic acid, there are the same number of carbon and hydrogen atoms. There is 1 less oxygen atom than nitrogen atom. There are 51 total atoms and 6 of them are oxygen atoms. How many carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms are there in the chemical formula for folic acid? 6 Analyze given information: 51 total; 6 oxygen Same _______ and hydrogen 1 less oxygen than nitrogen Formulate a plan or strategy: Solve for nitrogen Solve for carbon and hydrogen Determine a solution: Evaluate process and reasonableness: Do your answers add to 51? Nitrogen Hydrogen Carbon Oxygen 51 total 7. In the chemical formula for sulfanilic acid, there are the same number of atoms for both sulfur and nitrogen. There are 1/2 as many oxygen atoms as carbon atoms. There is 1 more hydrogen atom than carbon atoms. The oxygen atoms comprise 1/6 of the total number of atoms in the formula. If there are 18 total atoms in the chemical formula for sulfanilic acid, how many carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms are there? Analyze given information: 18 total; oxygen are 1\6 of total Same _______ and nitrogen 1/2 as many oxygen as carbon 1 more hydrogen than carbon Formulate a plan or strategy: Solve for oxygen Solve for carbon Solve for hydrogen Solve for sulfur and nitrogen Determine a solution: Evaluate process and reasonableness: Do your answers add to 18? 3