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The Punic Wars (264 – 146 B.C.)
Punic is Latin for __________________ because _________________ was a colony of Tyre founded in ______B.C.
FIRST PUNIC WAR
SECOND PUNIC WAR
Took place from_____ to ______ B.C.
( _____ years)
Took place from ______ to 201 B.C.
( _____ years)
_____________ attacked ________________
________________ attacked ________
The Romans wanted control of
_____________ in the western Mediterranean.
They wanted the island of _____________
which the Carthaginians controlled the western
part of. They wanted it because of
______________ there, and it was also an
excellent location from which Carthage could
_____________ Rome.
Carthage sought _____________.
______________ grew up hating the
Romans.
By this time Carthage was a major trading
power which controlled all of North
____________, most of ______________, and
the islands of _______________,
_________________, and ________________
It had a strong __________, but not much of
an ___________. _____________ had no
navy, but they built their first ___________ by
___________________ a Carthaginian one
which had washed upon the shore. The
Romans improved this model by adding on a
corvus or _______________ which allowed
Roman soldiers to ____________ its enemy’s
ships. This changed the battles to a kind of
___________ war which the Romans could
dominate.
Rome gained most of _____________,
_____________, and ___________________.
Carthage would seek revenge on Rome. In
order to do so it built an army in ___________
under the direction of ________________ dad.
Hannibal marched from southern
____________ to the gates of _______
but could never get inside the city. He
began his march with ____________
men and 60 __________________.
First, he crossed the _______________
Mts. in northern Spain. Then, he
traveled _____ the ____________River
Next, he crossed the mighty ________
in the winter. It must have been
extremely difficult to do this because
there was a great lack of __________.
He also had to fight some hostile
___________ along the way. Sadly, he
never gained the help from tribes living
near Rome which he hoped to gain. For
____ years he roamed the Italian
countryside __________ losing a battle.
In 202 B.C., the Romans wisely, under
the direction of ____________, decided
to attack __________ which is less than
100 miles from Carthage. So Hannibal
had to _____________ his mission in
Italy and return to defend his homeland.
Here, in _______ B.C. he lost his first
battle.
Carthage paid Rome a huge amount of
$$ and gave Rome ____________,
which provided Rome with plenty of
copper and gold.
Carthage would be ___________ for
about 50 years.
THIRD PUNIC WAR
Took place from_____ to 146 B.C.
( _____ years)
_____________ attacked
________________
Carthage was beginning to show signs of
regaining _____________.
Rome _______________ and destroyed
Carthage. They plowed _____________
into the fields so nothing would
___________. All the citizens were
___________ (62,000) or sold into
_________________ (50,000)
Carthage and its empire were gone.
During all of the Punic Wars Rome was
gaining a lot of influence in
______________ by helping against the
__________________. By 146 B.C. when
________________ disobeyed a Roman
order, Rome controlled much of Greece.
JULIUS CAESAR
Each _______________ or district in the
Roman Republic was ruled by a
__________________. One of the most
famous of these was _________________.
Along with Pompey and ______________
he formed the ______ ________________
which was a committee of ____ which ruled
Rome from 60 to 53 B.C. Caesar made one
of the greatest contributions to history by
changing the _____________ into the
___________ _______________ which is
very similar to the one we use today. In 59
B.C., he became _________ and helped
pass laws which gave over 20,000 poor
people land to farm. From 58 B.C. to 49
B.C. he was the ____________ of
_________ which was in present-day
_________. He was a ______________
genius who was said to know all of his
soldiers by __________. In 55 B.C. his
growing army invaded _______________.
Although he was never able to _________
it, this left Rome’s influence here. In 53
B.C., ____________ died. The other
member of the three, _____________, had
gained the support of the Senate. Caesar
was a military hero and champion of the
common man. The Senate hated him and
demanded that he give up his army and
return home. He came back, but he did not
give up command of his loyal army.
Pompey and the ___________ fled. In 48
B.C., Caesar’s army faced a much larger
army led by Pompey in ___________ but
won anyway. Caesar went to Egypt where
he met ___________ The next year he sent
a message home proclaiming, “Veni, vidi,
vici” which is Latin for “I ________, I
______, I _____________” Returning home
in 46 B.C. he was so popular that the
___________ made him ______________
for life. Soon many Senators realized he
was becoming too powerful as dictator. One
day a soothsayer warned Caesar to
“_____________ the ________ of
___________.” The oracle came true
because on March 15, 44 B.C. a group of
Senators rushed toward him and stabbed
him several times. His dying words to an
old friend turned killer, ___________, were
“Et tu Brute” which means “______
______, ______, ___________.” It was the
end of the __________ ___________.