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Transcript
Renaissance and Reformation DO NOW ASSIGNMENT • Take a copy of a map of Europe from the Resource Table. – You will find a map of Europe on p. RA 10 in your textbook. – Identify the countries on the map. • Copy down these section objectives and skip five lines between each one. – – – – List three characteristics of the Renaissance. Explain the three estates of Renaissance society. Explain Renaissance education. Describe artistic contributions to the Renaissance. The Italian Renaissance • Life during the Middle Ages – The crusades – The Bubonic Plague – Instability • Italians were living midst the leftover grandeur of the Greeks and the Romans. – Example: page 158 in your text. – Many Italians believed that they were witnessing a “rebirth” of Greek and Roman culture. – The time period of 1350-1550 became known as the “Renaissance.” • The Italian Renaissance had three important characteristics. – One: Italy was an urban society. Powerful citystates became the center of Italian social, political, and economic life. – Two: A secular viewpoint emerged. Increasing wealth created new possibilities for many Italians. – Three: A new view of human beings developed. Individual ability was emphasized. • The ultimate goal of most individuals during this time period was to become a “renaissance man.” – Leonardo da Vinci: painter, sculptor, architect, inventor and mathematician. • The upper classes were more able to embrace the Renaissance. – Achievements of the Renaissance were displayed throughout the cities for ordinary people to see. • Florence, Milan, and Venice were three of the most powerful and influential citystates in Italy. • Italy did not develop a strong monarchial state, which posed some problems for them. • Machiavelli, a political philosopher, developed one of the most influential works written on political power. – He wrote The Prince, and in it he addressed how to get and keep power. – Prior to Machiavelli’s work, previous authors said that rulers should govern based on Christian principles. • Machiavelli disagreed. – He said that rulers must understand that by nature, humans are selfish. – Politics should not be restricted by morals. – According to Machiavelli, a prince acts on behalf of the state. – For the state, a prince must let his conscious sleep. – Machiavelli’s work was important because he was one of the first to abandon morals and ethics when it came to politics. • Renaissance Society – Clergy (church officials) – Nobility – Townspeople/peasants • Clergy • Nobility – – – – Made up 2-3 percent of population Had to be born a noble, could not become a noble. Important political positions, and advisers to the king. Renaissance noble: was expected to display character, talent, and grace. Be a warrior and display a certain standard of conduct. – Serve his prince honestly. • Peasants and Townspeople – 85-90 percent of the entire European population – Most peasants became legally free but paid rent to a lord. – Townspeople made up the rest of the third estate. – Merchants and Artisans – Wealthy Patricians: trade, industry, and banking. – Burghers: shopkeepers, artisans, guild masters, members who provided services. – Workers, and unemployed • In today’s society, how do we determine when a teenager has become an adult? – Father, head of the house – Dowry – Arranged marriages • Masters of the High Renaissance – Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Raphael – Art began to embrace the beauty of the human body. – Look on page 168 in your textbook for more information. Leonardo Da Vinci The Last Supper Mona Lisa David Michelangelo The Creation of Adam The Pieta Raphael The School of Athens Cherubini • Humanism – Based on the study of the classics • Grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history. • Today these subjects are called humanities. – How does a Humanistic Renaissance Education compare to the education that you are getting at BHS? ASSIGNMENT • We are going to watch a short video clip on the Renaissance. • While watching the clip, form a concept map. As the video progresses write down important words and add them to your concept map. • We will discuss these before we leave class.
