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Download Microbiology CA
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MicroB CA The general properties of bacteria are as follows: They contain both RNA and DNA T They have ribosomes T They are smaller than 0.1micrometer F Most have peptidoglycan T Some may have flagella T Regarding endotoxins and exotoxins: Gram positive bacteria all produce endotoxin F Exotoxins are proteins T Exotoxins cause fever F Exotoxins are antigenic T Regarding sterilisation: Hypochlorite can be used to clean up blood spills in the laboratory T Plastic syringes can be sterilized by gamma irradiation T An endoscope can be autoclaved to sterilized it F Formaldehyde is used to wash hands F Milk that is pasterised is sterile F Zoonotics are only spread to veterinarians F Rabies Immunoglobulin and vaccine should not be given together Rabies is a live attenuated vaccine F Disease can be confirmed by serology Post infection can be treated by immunoglobulin because of the long incubation period Yellow fever virus is spread by feces of animals F The vaccinations can be prophylaxis for: Herpes Simplex encephalitis F Mumps meningitis T Measles Rubella Variolla Clinical features of mumps: Rash F Parotid swelling T Orchitis may be a complication T Koplik’s spots F Life threatening Meningitis F Cerebella ataxia is a complication of varicella Varicella epidemic can cause increased cases of zoster F Respiratory Syncytial virus can cause: Broncholitis T Epiglotitis F Hepatitis F Meningitis F Upper Respiratory tract infection T EBV causes infectious mononucleosis T Genital herpes may be caused by HSV I T Dengue: Rash worsens after the fever subsides The worse the thrombocytopenia the more severe the dengue F May have pleural effusion in severe cases Is a legally notifiable disease to the Minisry of Health HIV Has a primary incubation period of 3-6 weeks T In a HIV positive community, the 1st Aids defining disease to manifest is pneumocystis carinii. Is confirmed by ELISA Carriers of Hepatitis B: Are more common in females than males F Can be infected with Hepatitis A T Are protected against Hepatitis D F May have anti-HBe in their serum T Usually follows a subclinical infection T Enteroviruses: Coxsackie virus A16 is a common cause of hand, food and mouth disease. T Enteroviruses commonly cause enterocolitis in adults EV71 may cause epidemics in children Nipah virus: Is a novel filovirus F Can be transmitted with close contact with pigs Can cause encephalitis