Download Science - St. Paul H. S. School, Indore

SA – 1 (2016-17)
Class – 6
Science
Lesson - 7
Getting to know plants
Define the following:
3.stem-The part of the plant above the ground that is generally green .It forms the main axis
of the plant body which bears leaves , flowers and fruits.
6.venation-The pattern of veins on the leaf blade is called venation. A leaf can have a
number of veins running parallel to each other or a network of veins called reticulate
venation.
7. climbers-Plants in which weak stem take support of the neighbouring structures and climb
up. Ex-pea and money plant.
8. Creepers-Plants having weak stems that spread on the ground and cannot stand upright.
Ex-mint
Rest definitions from keywords
Answer the following:
VII.
1. Functions of Root
(i) Roots fix the plant (or anchor the plant) to the soil
and provide support.
(ii) Roots absorb water and mineral salts from the soil
which are then conducted upwards to the stem and
leaves.
(iii) Roots help in holding the soil together, thus,
preventing erosion or blowing away of the soil
particles.
2. Root system and shoot system.Refer page 72
3. Tap root and Fibrous root. Refer page 72
4. Tap roots : Mustard, pea, tulsi, rose (any two)
Fibrous roots : Wheat, maize, banana, sugarcane
(any two)
5. Root, stem and leaves.
6. Functions of Stem :
(i) A stem bears the leaves, flowers and fruits. It
serves as a link between the roots, the leaves and
flowers.
(ii) The stem and its branches hold the leaves in such
a manner that the leaves get maximum possible
sunlight.
(iii) When young it is green and manufactures food
through the process of photosynthesis.
(iv) It carries water and mineral salts from the roots to
the leaves and flowers.
(v) It carries food manufactured in the leaves to roots
and other parts of the plant body.
7. Node : Place on the stem from where the leaves and
branches arise.
Internode : Part of the stem between two nodes.
8. Differences between Root and Stem :
Root
(a) Nodes and internodes absent.
(b) Never green.
(c) Leaves and buds absent.
(d) Generally develops below ground.
Stem
(a) Nodes and internodes present.
(b) Often green.
(c) Bears leaves and buds.
(d) Generally develops above ground.
9. Photosynthesis is essential as this is the process by
which food is prepared by the leaves for the plant
body.refer page no 77 for detail
10. The central part of the flower is
the female part, consisting of a
flask-shaped organ, called the
Diagram
pistil. Each carpel consists of a
basal swollen part called the
ovary. The ovary continues into a
long style and ends in a knob like
part, called the stigma. The ovary contains small,
bead-like structures called ovules. Female sex cell is
present inside the ovule. Ovules and ovary finally
develop into seeds and fruits respectively.
11. Functions of a Flower
(i) A flower is the seat or organ of sexual
reproduction and results in the formation of fruits
and seeds. Seeds on germination give rise to new
plants. A flower, thus, results in multiplication of
plants.
(ii) It is the source of food for many insects. For
example, bees collect nectar from flowers and
make honey.
(iii) Flowering plants are grown in gardens and in
homes because of the bright colours and fragrance
of the flowers. They, thus, beautify the
surroundings and provide aesthetic value.
12. Sepals, petals, stamens and pistil. write all the points given on page no 80 in figure 7.16
VIII. 1. Lower line – root
Upper line – stem
2. Stem 3. Leaf 4. Flower 5. Stem
Lesson 8
Body Movements
V.Name the structure:
1. Cockroach : Muscles near the legs help in walking;
breast muscles attached to the wings help in flying.
2. Snail : Snail deposits a little fluid at its front end and
walks over it; the shell is dragged along with the foot
on the fluid.
3. Earthworm : Circular and longitudinal muscle fibres
present on the body wall.
4. Fish : Streamlined body; strong muscles in the fins
and tail.
5. Birds : Streamlined body; strong breast muscles
attached to the forelimb bones push or pull the wings.
6. Snakes : Muscles attached to the backbone, ribs and
skin.
VI. Define the following:
1. Skeleton : Framework of the body formed by bones
and cartilages which support and protect the organs and keep the body upright.
2. Locomotion : Act 0f moving from place to place in search of food, shelter or better
environmental condition.
3. Movement : Change in position of only a part of the
body.
4. Joint : Place where two or more bones meet is called joint. They allow movement to take
place.
5. Tendons : Fibres which attach muscles to bones.
6. Cartilage : Soft, elastic structure of the skeletal
System which can bent easily.
7. Endoskeleton : Internal skeleton system which is made up of bones.
VII.Name the joints:
1. Teeth and gums - Immovables joint
2. Finger - Hinge joint
3. Skull - Immovable joint
4. Knee - Hinge joint
5. Shoulder - Ball and socket joint
VIII.Differentiate between:
1. Tendons Ligaments
Fibres which attach muscles to bones are called Tendons .
The bones are held together at a joint by tough structures called ligaments.
2. Hinge joint Ball and socket joint
1. Allows movement in 1. Allows movement in
one direction only. all directions
2. Bones are fixed in such 2. Spherical end of one
a way that a hinge-like bone fixes into socketstructure
is produced. like (cup-shaped) cavity
of another bone.
IX. Answer the following:
1. Locomotion helps the animals in many ways.
(i) Animals need to move from place to place in search
of food, since they are heterotrophic. Locomotion
helps the animals to move in search of food.
(ii) Locomotion enables animals to move from an
unfavourable place or environment to a favourable
place or environment.
(iii) It helps them to escape from their enemies and
predators.
(iv) It helps animals to find their partners for
reproduction, and to move to favourable areas for
egg laying or rearing of the young ones.
2. Joints allow the locomotion in humans with the help
of bones and muscles.
3. Functions of Skeletal System
(i) Protection : It protects delicate internal organs
from injury.
(ii) Provides form and shape to the body.
(iii) Movement : Bones provide a surface to which
muscles are attached. Contraction and relaxation
of muscles produce movement.
4. The act of moving from place to place is known as
locomotion. It involves the movement of the whole
body, as in walking, running, swimming or flying.
Movement is the change in position of only a part of
the body, as movement of stem towards light in
plants.
5. Cockroaches are insects which come out at night to
feed. They can walk, climb as well as fly in the air.
Two pairs of wings are present. Also, three pairs of
legs are present which help in walking. Bones are not
present and the body is covered with a hard outer
skeleton. This outer skeleton is made of different
units joined together, and this permits movement.
Muscles present near the legs help in walking,
while the breast muscles attached to the wings help
in flying.
6. You can observe the movements in an earthworm by
placing it on a piece of paper. When it moves, the
front (anterior) end becomes long and thin while its
hind (posterior) end becomes short and thick. This is
due to the contraction and expansion (relaxation) of
body muscles. Thus, locomotion in earthworm is
brought about by contraction and relaxation of body
muscles. The body secretes a slimy substance which
helps in movement.
For locomotion in a snail perform Activity 5.
7. Ball and socket joint : In this joint, the round head
(like a ball) of one bone fits into a cup-shaped cavity
formed by the other bone. This allows movement in
all directions. For example, you can move your
shoulder and hip in all directions.
8. Fins and tail are present on the body of a fish. Strong
muscles are also present. During swimming, muscles
make the front part of the body curve to one side and
the tail moves towards the opposite side, forming a
curve. Then, quickly, the body and tail curve to the
other side. This produces a jerk and pushes the body
forward. A series of such quick jerks make the fish
swim forward.
9. Birds are adapted to fly in the air and walk on the
ground. Like the fish, birds too have a streamlined
body. The bones are hollow and light. Bones of the
forelimbs are modified into wings. The strong breast
muscles which are attached to the forelimb bones help
in pushing or pulling the wings. This action of the
breast muscles helps in flying.
10. (i) Immovable joints : There is a fixed joint between
the upper jaw and the rest of the head.
(ii) Slightly movable joints : Such joints are present
between adjacent vertebrae in the backbone.
(iii) Freely movable joints : Freely movable joints are
of three types :
(i) Ball and socket joint - Found in hip and shoulder.
(ii) Hinge joint - Found in elbow, knee and fingers.
(iii) Pivot joint - Found in neck.
11. On both sides of the upper arm bone, there is a pair
of voluntary muscles. When one of these muscles
contracts, it pulls the bones of the arm. This act bends
or straightens the elbow joint. The muscles at the joint
work in pairs — one makes the joint bend while the
other makes it straight.
The biceps muscle contracts when bending of arm
takes place. When it contracts, it pulls the two bones
of the forearm, bringing them close together. This
makes the arm bend at the hinge joint at the elbow.
When the arm is straightened, the biceps muscle
relaxes. The triceps muscle, however, contracts and
helps in straightening.
The working together of the biceps and triceps
muscles allow the arm to move in both directions.
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