Download ROCKIN IN THE USA

Name ________________________ Date ______________ Hour ____________
THIS TOTALLY ROCKS!!!
EXPLORATION: MMM….Rocks!
1. Obtain “rock” samples from your teacher.
2. DO NOT EAT ANYTHING YET!
3. Obtain a piece of wax paper and place your “rock” samples and sediment onto the wax
paper.
4. What do your rock samples look like? Describe or draw what you see below.
5. Cover the wax paper with another piece of wax paper.
6. Using the end of your pencil, try to break up the pieces of “rock.”
7. Describe or draw the rock samples now compared to the rock samples you started with
below.
8. Using your hands (or a book for more pressure) on either side of the wax paper, smash
the mixture together by applying pressure to the mixture. Describe or draw what you see
below.
9. You should now have a pressurized piece of “rock.”
10. Again, using your hands, pressurize the rock mixture with your hands on both sides of
the wax paper and try to heat the sample with your hands.
11. Turn your hot plate on and allow it to heat for 4-6 minutes, while you are preparing your
aluminum heating bowl.
12. While you are waiting for your hot plate to heat up, make a “bowl” out of aluminum foil
that is large enough for you to place your mixture in.
13. Then, place your heated mixture back into the aluminum bowl. Only allow your mixture
to heat for 1 ½ minutes or less. As your mixture is heating, record your observations of
what is happening inside the bowl below.
14. When the heating is complete, remove your aluminum bowl and allow your new sample
to cool on top of the table. While you are waiting, record your observations below.
15. What did you make? List the events/processes in order that occurred for this new rock
to be created.
Earth Science
1
Rock Cycle
Name ________________________ Date ______________ Hour ____________
IDEA
1. If the smaller pieces you started out with represent “rock” samples and each of them are
different, what did your crushed up rock pieces represent? (Hint: It’s a one word
answer)
2. When you applied pressure with the book or your hand the first time without melting the
rock, what happened?
3. How could this possibly happen on earth?
could cause this to happen?
What types of events, forces, or processes
4. Is this a physical or chemical change? Explain why that is your answer.
5. What does the partially melted, compressed (with a book & your hands) represent?
6. How could this actually happen in the earth to your compacted “rock?”
7. What forces, processes, or events could happen to cause this change to occur? Is it
chemical or physical? (or a little of both?)
8. When you heated the mixture of crushed up pieces with the hot plate, what processes in
the earth could this represent? Where could this happen in the earth?
9. The chips you started with represent _______________, whereas the crushed up pieces
represent _______________.
10. List three things that caused the candy chips to change form their original form?
11. Sediment that gets broken down into smaller and smaller pieces and continues to layer
itself into compacted layers are considered _______________ rock(s).
12. Rocks in the earth that undergo extreme pressure and heat can change and form new
rocks, called _________________ rock(s).
13. Candy pieces being heated and mixed, with fine or large “grains” in them, are considered
_______________ rocks. These rocks undergo several stages of mixing as they are
heated deep within the earth’s surface.
Earth Science
2
Rock Cycle
Name ________________________ Date ______________ Hour ____________
14. Why are rock fragments in nature not all the same size?
15. Rock fragments, or _________________, that layer within the earth, called
______________ can eventually undergo change due to melting and mix with other
minerals and sediments. This change refers to rocks that are considered
______________ rocks or rocks created from molten rock or ____________. Under
extreme pressure and heat, rocks can again change form and become completely different
rocks mixing with melted rock, minerals, sediment, and crystals. These rocks are called
________________ rocks.
16. The process of rocks changing from one form to another and eventually being “recycled”
back to the surface of the earth is called the ____________ ____________.
Earth Science
3
Rock Cycle
Name ________________________ Date ______________ Hour ____________
EXPANSION: Part A- Igneous Rocks
1. Use a hand lens to examine samples of granite and obsidian.
2. Describe the texture of both rocks using the terms coarse, fine, or glassy.
Rock Sample
Grain Size
Texture/Color
Silica Content
(This is a GUESS)
High/Med/Low
Density
(g/mL)
D= m/v
Units: _______
Pumice/Scoria
Rhyolite
Gabbro
Obsidian
Granite
Basalt
3. Which igneous rocks are considered course grained?
4. Which igneous rocks are considered fine grained?
5. Which rock(s) had no crystals or visible “grains”?
6. Given the physical properties of these rocks, what can you infer about how quickly or
slowly each type of rock formed? Include the two terms that match the cooling rates
below.
7. Why would a rock cool at different rates/speeds?
8. How do the densities of the different rocks differ? Most dense? Least Dense?
9. How might the silica content compare to the densities?
Earth Science
4
Rock Cycle
Name ________________________ Date ______________ Hour ____________
EXPANSION B – Metamorphic Rocks
1. Using a hand lens, observe samples of gneiss, granite, marble, schist, shale, and other
metamorphic rocks. Look carefully at the grains or crystals in both rocks.
2. Observe how the grains or crystals are arranged in both rocks. In the table provided
below, draw a sketch of both rocks below and describe their textures.
Rock Sample
Grain Size/Color
Texture
(Foliated or NonFoliated)
Density
(g/mL)
D= m/v
Units: _______
Gneiss
Quartzite
Marble (White &
pink)
Mica Muscovite Schist
Schist Garnet
Schist (Orangeyellow)
Slate
Other Sample:
Serpentine
3. How are metamorphic rocks formed?
4. What are the two types of textures of metamorphic rocks?
5. How does a metamorphic rock become foliated or non-foliated?
6. How could the amount of heat and pressure affect the rock that is produced as a result?
7. What processes in the earth cause these characteristics of rocks to change?
8. Are metamorphic rocks changed chemically or physically? Or both? Explain.
Earth Science
5
Rock Cycle
Name ________________________ Date ______________ Hour ____________
EXPANSION C – Sedimentary Rocks
9. Using a hand lens, observe samples of sedimentary rocks. Look carefully at the grains or
crystals in both rocks. Look at the layering as well in each of the rocks and describe how
they are different in your observations.
Rock Sample
Grain Size
Texture/Color
Observations
(Hint: Do any of them
react with Acid?)
Density
(g/mL)
D= m/v
Units: _______
Breccia
Shale (Red)
Coal (Bituminous)
Siltstone
Sandstone (Red)
Limestone
Shale (Brown)
10. How are sedimentary rocks formed?
11. How is the VERY different from the ways that igneous rocks & metamorphic rocks are
formed?
12. What processes (how exactly does this happen) in the earth cause these characteristics
of rocks to change?
13. Why might you expect to find more organic materials in sedimentary rocks rather than in
metamorphic or igneous rocks?
14. Are sedimentary rocks changed chemically or physically? Or both? Explain.
15. Which of these rocks might be detrial? Chemical?
16. Which rocks might you expect to have fossils in them?
Earth Science
6
Rock Cycle
Name ________________________ Date ______________ Hour ____________
EXPANSION D – Mystery Rocks
1. You will be given 12 rocks. They are labeled 1-12.
2. Using the samples you have been given, try your best to determine the color of the
sample, the texture, the density, and any special properties the rock would have.
3. The silica content ONLY applies to igneous rocks
4. Whether or not the rock is foliated or non-foliated only applies to metamorphic rocks.
5. Then determine what type of rock the sample is.
Sample
Color
Texture &
If more than
one color list
all
(Only for
Metamorphic
Rocks) Foliated
or NonFoliated
Density
(g/mL)
D= m/v
Units:
_______
Special
Properties
(Chemical
Makeup-for
example, does it
react to acid??)
Silica Content
(If Igneous
ONLY)
[Just write NONE
if not igneous]
TYPE OF
ROCK
Sedimentary,
Metamorphic,
or Igneous
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
Earth Science
7
Rock Cycle
Name ________________________ Date ______________ Hour ____________
6. Which of the samples could be classified as igneous rocks? Include the names of the
rocks at this time. What makes these rocks different from the others? (Hint: What are
their special characteristics?)
7. Which of the samples could be classified as sedimentary rocks? Include the names of the
rocks. What makes these rocks different from the others? (Hint: What are their special
characteristics?)
8. Which of the samples could be classified as metamorphic rocks? Include the names of
the rocks. What makes these rocks different from the others? (Hint: What are their
special characteristics?)
9. How are metamorphic rocks formed? How can you tell which are metamorphic rocks
based on how they are formed?
10. How are igneous rocks formed? How can you tell which are metamorphic rocks based
on how they are formed?
11. How are sedimentary rocks formed? How can you tell which are metamorphic rocks
based on how they are formed?
EXPANSION: Part D Two- Column Notes
Read pgs. 90- 109 and complete two-column notes on the following subtopics.
1. Common Rocks- 2
2. The rock cycle- 3
3. Copy figure 2 into notes
4. Figure 3, Visualizing the Rock Cycle- 3
5. Matter and the Rock Cycle- 2
6. Discovering the rock cycle- 1
7. Formation of igneous rock- 1
8. Magma- 2
9. Intrusive rocks- 2
10. Extrusive rocks-1
11. volcanic gases- 1
12. Basaltic rocks- 1
13. granitic rocks- 1
14. andesitic rocks- 1
15. Metamorphic rocks- 1
16. Heat and pressure- 2
Earth Science
8
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Foliated Rocks- 2
Non-Foliated Rocks- 2
Formation of Sed Rocks- 2
Detrial Sed Rocks- 1
Weathering & Erosion- 2
Compaction- 1
Cementation- 2
Chemical Sed Rocks- 1
Limestone- 1
Rock Cycle