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Energy in Motion Study online at quizlet.com/_1mo3ky 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. acceleration: rate of change of velocity; can be calculated by dividing the change in the velocity by the time it takes the change to occur 26. 27. air resistance: force that opposes the motion of objects that move through the air 28. average speed: total distance an object travels divided by the total time it takes to travel that distance 29. balanced forces: forces on a object that combine to give a zero net force and do not change the motion of the object 30. centripetal acceleration: acceleration of an object toward the center of a curved or circular path sliding friction: frictional force that opposes the motion of two surfaces sliding past each other speed: distance an object travels per unit of time static friction: frictional force that prevents two surfaces from sliding past each other third law of motion: states that when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force on the first object that is equal in strength and in the opposite direction unbalanced forces: forces that combine to produce a net force that is not equal to zero and cause the velocity of an object to change chemical potential energy: energy stored in chemical bonds 31. displacement: distance and direction of an object's change in position from the starting point 32. velocity: the speed and direction of a moving object 33. weight: gravitational force exerted on an object elastic potential energy: energy stored when an object is compressed or stretched energy: the ability to do work and cause a change to occur 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. first law of motion: states that if the net force on an object is zero, then an object at rest remains at rest, or, if the object is moving, it continues moving with constant velocity force: a push or pull exerted on an object friction: a force that opposes the sliding motion between objects that are in contact gravitational potential energy: energy stored by objects due to their position above Earth's surface; depends on the distance above Earth's surface and the object's mass gravity: attractive force between two objects that depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them inertia: resistance of an object to a change in its motion instantaneous peed: speed of an object at a given point in time; is constant for an object moving with constant speed, and changes with time for an object that is slowing down or speeding up joule: SI unit of energy kinetic energy: energy a moving object has because of its motion; depends on the mass and speed of the object law of conservation of energy: states that energy can never be created or destroyed law of conservation of momentum: states that if a group of objects exerts forces only on each other, then the total momentum of the objects doesn't change mechanical energy: sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy in a system momentum: property of a moving object that equals its mass times its velocity net force: sum of the forces that are acting on an object potential energy: stored energy an object has due to its position second law of motion: states that the acceleration of an object is in the same direction as the net force on the object, and that the acceleration equals the net force divided by the mass vector: a physical quantity that is specified by both a size and a direction