Download Chapter 8

Community Ecology
G. Tyler Miller’s
Living in the Environment
14th Edition
Chapter 8
Key Concepts
Community structure
Roles of species
Species interactions
Changes in ecosystems
Stability of ecosystems
Community Structure and Species
Diversity
Appearance
Species diversity
Species richness
Niche structure
Edge effects
Fig. 8-2 p. 144
Biodiversity
Latitude
Depth
Pollution
Fig. 8-3 p. 145
Theory of island biogeography
General Types of Species
Native
Non-native (exotic or alien)
Indicator
Keystone
Foundation
Species Interactions: Competition
Interspecific competition
Predation
Parasitism
Mutualism
Commensalism
Resource partitioning
Bad_Day.mpeg
Resource Partitioning and Niche
Specialization
Refer to Fig. 8-8,
p. 151
Fig. 8-7 p. 150
Species Interactions: Predation
Predator
Prey
Prey acquisition
Predator avoidance
Refer to Fig. 8-9 p. 153
Symbiotic Species Interactions:
Parasitism
 Parasite
 Host
 Important ecological roles of parasites
Symbiotic Species Interactions:
Mutualism
Pollination mutualism
Nutritional mutualism
Gut inhabitant mutualism
Fig. 8-10, p. 155
Symbiotic Species Interactions:
Commensalism
 Species interaction that benefits one
and has little or no effect on the other
 Example: Small plants growing in
shade of larger plants
Ecological Succession:
Communities in Transition
Primary succession
Secondary succession
Pioneer species
Successional species
Primary Succession
Fig. 8-11 p. 157
Secondary Succession
Fig. 8-12 p. 158
The Rate of Succession
Facilitation
Inhibition
Tolerance
Ecological Stability and Sustainability
Disturbance
Climax community
Inertia
Constancy
Resilience
Precautionary principle