Download EES Chapter 8 and Plate Tectonics Review - Bennatti

EES Chapter 8 and Plate Tectonics Review
Name________________________ Date_____
Vocabulary
Earthquake
Fault
Focus
Seismic waves
Epicenter
Elastic rebound
Aftershock
Primary (P) wave
Secondary (S) wave
Surface wave
Seismograph
Seismogram
Moment magnitude scale
Intensity
Magnitude
Richter Scale
Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale
Liquefaction
Tsunami
Seismic gap
Crust
Mantle
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Oceanic crust
Continental crust
Outer core
Inner core
Moho
Continental drift
Pangea
Tectonic plates
Plate boundary
Convergent plate boundary
Subduction zone
Divergent plate boundary
Transform plate boundary
Mid-ocean ridge
Deep ocean trench
Convection currents
Match one of the vocabulary words with the descriptions below
_________________________1.
Earth vibration caused by rapid energy release
_________________________2. Description of the energy released by an earthquake
______________________3. Area of a fault where an earthquake has not occurred for many years
______________________4. Fast moving compressional seismic waves that travel through the
Earth
_____________________5. Thin layer of rock on the surface of the Earth
_____________________6. Region where a denser plate slides down under a less dense plate
_____________________7. Region of the mantle that flows slowly like toothpaste as it is close to
its melting point
_____________________8. A solid layer of the Earth composed primarily of iron and nickel
_____________________9. The boundary separating the crust and mantle
______________________10. A supercontinent composed of all the modern continents when they
were connected
______________________11. The upward flow of hot, less dense from the lower mantle and the
downward flow of cooler, denser material from the upper mantle
_____________________12. Composed of the crust and rocky upper mantle
_____________________13. Older scale used to measure the energy released by earthquakes
_____________________14. More accurate scale used to measure the energy released by
earthquakes
______________________15. Seismic waves that move through the Earth but not through the
outer core
_____________________16. The last seismic waves to arrive and the most destructive seismic
waves
______________________17. Location in the earth where an earthquake starts
______________________18. Fracture in the Earth where movement has occurred
______________________19. Mid-ocean ridges (long chains of mountains along the ocean floor)
form from this type of plate boundary
______________________20. This layer makes up most of the volume of the Earth
21.
Explain how earthquakes can trigger a tsunami.
22.
Compare the composition and thickness of oceanic crust and continental crust.
23.
Compare the amount of shaking resulting from a magnitude 3 and a magnitude 7
earthquake.
24.
Compare the energy released by a magnitude 3 and a magnitude 7 earthquake.
25.
Studies of ______________________________ has provided much of our understanding of the
interior of the Earth.
26.
Briefly describe 3 types of evidence that supports the Theory of Plate Tectonics.
a.
b.
c.
27.
How is the magnitude of an earthquake different from its intensity?
28.
Major earthquakes are often followed by smaller earthquakes called _______________.
29.
Which of the following is used to determine earthquake risk?
a. strain in rocks near faults; b. height of ocean waves after earthquakes; c.
changes in the color of the rocks near faults; d. hydrogen gas emissions near
fractures
30.
Earth’s inner core is solid because ______________________________________.
31.
What causes liquefaction?
32.
What factors are used to calculate the moment magnitude of an earthquake.
33.
What are the fastest traveling earthquake waves called? ________________
34.
How does the S-P lag time change as the distance of a seismograph from the epicenter
of an earthquake increases?
35.
Which of the following is an example of a transform plate boundary?
a. East African Rift Valley; b. San Andreas Fault; c. Mariana Trench;
d. Mid-Atlantic Ridge
36.
What causes the thermal convection that drives plate motion?
a. seafloor spreading; b. differences in temperature and density; c. gravity; d.
subduction
37.
What type of landform forms at plate boundaries where one oceanic plate descends
beneath another plate?
a. rift valley; b. volcanic island arc; c. mountains;
d. flat plains
38.
True or false. All earthquakes occur along plate boundaries.
39.
Violent shaking from an earthquake can cause soil and rock to move along a slope
causing:
a. a tsunami; b. a sinkhole; c. a landslide; d. a fault