Download The First Crusade

The
Crusades
What areas are
Roman
Catholic
Christian?
What areas
are Eastern
Orthodox
Christian?
What areas
are Muslim
lands?
The Crusades
• What were the Crusades?
• A bunch of religious wars where the
Western Christians tried to conquer the
Holy Land and Jerusalem.
• Three questions to
answer:
• Why did the Europeans
launch the Crusades?
• What happened during the
Crusades?
• What were the effects of the
Crusades?
Why did the Europeans launch
the Crusades?
Goal: For Christians to gain control of the holy lands
The Crusades
Jerusalem was
controlled by the
Fatimids, a Muslim
empire.
Muslims in Turkey
took control of
Persia and
attacked the
Christian
Byzantine Empire.
The Crusades
The Byzantine
Emperor turned to
Western Europe
for help.
Pope Urban II
responded by
gathering church
leaders at
Clermont and
calling them to
arms “God wills
it”.
The Council of Clermont
Pope Urban II called a
meeting (council) in
Clermont, France
• The Pope described dangers
faced by Byzantines
• He called on Christian
warriors to join together
against their common
enemy: the Muslims
Crusaders left
France in 1096
in The First
Crusade.
In all, 9
Crusades set
out between
1096 and 1291
to claim or
protect the
Holy Land.
First Crusade
• Peasants and knights set out for a three-year journey to the holy
lands (attacking Jews along the way).
• The Crusaders who made it to the Holy Land conquered
Jerusalem and three surrounding areas.
Second Crusade
• Muslims began retaking lands lost in the First Crusade
• European leaders called for a Second Crusade, which launched in
1147
• The Second Crusade was a failure- no land taken from Muslims
Third Crusade
• 1177 – A new leader arose in Muslim world, Salah al-Din (Saladin)
• Saladin set out to take back Crusader states and successfully drove
European Christians out of Jerusalem
• Three European Kings - Richard, Philip, Frederick set out from Europe to
retake Jerusalem
• Only King Richard the Lion-Hearted of England fought in Holy Land and
despite winning several battles he could not retake Jerusalem
Fourth and Later Crusades
• After the failure of the Third Crusade, Jerusalem was still in
Muslim hands. A Fourth Crusade set out in 1201 to retake
Jerusalem.
• Due to disorganization and poor leadership, Crusaders
ended up attacking the Christian areas of Zara and
Constantinople.
• This crusade and the five later crusades all failed to
recapture the Christian Holy Lands (most were complete
disasters).
What were the effects of the
Crusades?
Economic Changes
• Crusades enhanced existing trade between Muslims,
Byzantines, and Europeans (Returning Crusaders brought
more goods, spices, and textiles, to Europe)
• Increase in trade added to changing European economy
during Middle Ages (Where does trade fit into the Manor
system?)
Political Changes
• Crusades led to deaths of many knights, nobles
• Lands of these nobles were taken over by Kings and other
ambitious nobles
Religious Changes
• Many Christians viewed nonChristians as enemies, persecuted
Jews
• Holy Land Jews saw Crusaders as
cruel invaders
• Anti-Semitism continued for
centuries