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Chapter 10.2
Building a Muslim Empire
OBJECTIVE
• To learn about where Islam spread—
Middle East and North Africa—after
Mohammad’s death and
• About the 2 main sects of Islam: Sunni
and Shia
This is important b/c….
1. As it grew, Islam became more
influential.
2. There is conflict btwn the
branches of Islam, Sunni and
Shiites, today.
Chapter 10 vocab
Kaaba 1
mosque 1
jihad 1
caliph 2
Calligraphy 3
Quran 1
Hajj
1
Sharia 1
Minarets 2
Taj Mahal 4
Focus Q: Nov. 30
• Are family Holiday gatherings fun?
• What are the best/worst things
about them?
• How will you organize them when
you are an adult?
Focus Q: Nov. 17
What are the 5 pillars of Islam?
Which would be the easiest for you to
comply with? The hardest? Why?
1. Abu Bakr—Mohammad’s father-in-law
2. 1st ***Caliph: successor to
Mohammad***
Main leader of Muslims
3. “if you worship Mohammad,
Mohammad is dead. If you worship
God, God is alive”
Arabs Unite Under Islam
1. After several battles, Abu Bakr unites many
Arab tribes based on their loyalty to Islam,
not a person, leader, etc.
2. Are united under 1 leader, the Caliph
• convert the remaining Arab tribes to Islam
• This ends fighting among Arabs
• Conquer much of Byzantine Empire and
Persian (Iran) Empire entirely
The Spread of Islam

Easy to learn and practice.

No priesthood.

Teaches equality.

Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of
the Book,” were allowed religious
freedom, but paid additional taxes.

Easily “portable”  nomads & trade
routes.

Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans
and other non-believers (“infidels”).
The Dome of the Rock Mosque in
Jerusalem
Mount Moriah Rock
where Muhammad ascended into heaven.
Divisions: Sunnis and Shias
Who will be the Muslim leader?
1. Shiites: must be a descendant of
Ali (son-in-law) and Fatima
2. Sunnis: any pious Muslim male
from Mohammad’s tribe
Shiites—10%
1. Leader must be a
***descendant of Ali (son-in-law)*** and
Fatima
2. These people, called Imams, are divinely
inspired religious leaders
3. Can interpret the Quran and
Mohammad’s actions
4. Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Yemen
Sunnis—90%
1. Leader can be any pious Muslim male
from Mohammad’s tribe
2. Called a Caliph (successor)
–Is a political leader of the religious
community
3. Not divine, inspiration comes from
Mohammad’s example
Sunni and Shiite
• Conflict continues btwn them today
• 90% of Muslims are Sunni
• Most Shiites live in Iran, Lebanon,
Iraq, Yemen
How do you
read this map?
Laugh with me……
• What do you call the soft
tissue between a shark's teeth?
• The slow swimmer.
• What are mixed feelings?
• Watching your mother-in-law backing up
towards the edge of a cliff in your new
BMW.
Sufis
***mystics who sought communion
w/God through meditation
and fasting***
1. Iike Christian Monks or Nuns, help
spread Islam
2. In both Sunni and Shiite branches
Sufis dancing
• form of Sama, physically
form of Sama,
• active meditation
physically
active meditation
Whirling Dervish
Umayyads (Sunni)
1. After Ali dies, Umayyad Caliphate rules
until 750
2. ***Capital is in Damascus, Syria***
3. Extend Arab rule to Spain, North Africa,
India
4. Moved into France, defeated at the
Battle of Tours—no further European
advancement
Umayyads (Sunni)
1. ***Reasons for success: Persians,
Byzantines are weak***
2. Also, camel and horse cavalry—
aggressive, mobile—hard to stop
Conquered people treated fairly
1. ***Muslim leaders impose a tax on nonMuslims***
2. Allow Christians, Jews and others to
practice their religion and follow their own
laws
3. Prohibit looting, destruction of conquered
lands—Why is this wise?
–Will have $ for tribute, taxes
Conquered people treated fairly
1. Many non-Muslims convert for a
variety of reasons
2. Islam has no hierarchy or class of
priests
3. ***In theory, it emphasizes the
equality of all people***
–Can you think of exceptions to this?
Decline of Umayyads
1. Difficult to manage a larger empire
2. Lots of $ flows in—when conquests stop—
economic tensions begin
3. ***many Muslims criticize the
luxurious lifestyle of Caliphs at
Damascus***, different that earlier
Caliphs
4. Non-Arab converts have fewer rights than
Arabs
10.2 Left Side
• Make a Venn diagram comparing
Sunni and Shiite Muslims
• Then draw 1 picture that represents
Sunni’s and 1 picture that represents
Shiite’s.
• Color