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Nuclear /Heat Focus Lesson
Define the following:
Weak Nuclear Forces:
Strong nuclear forces:
Use the following options to fill in the chart below:
Composition:
protons/neutrons, neutron or high-energy photon, electrons
Charge:
neutral, positive, negative
Penetrating Power:
skin, organs, tissue (and bone)
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Composition
Charge
Penetrating Power
Solve the following radioactive decay problem (place A for alpha or B for beta above EACH arrow)
Read and answer the following questions:
FUSION  To join together
During fusion reactions, nuclei collide and fuse, eventually forming nuclei of
heavier elements and producing enormous amounts of energy. Fusion of
hydrogen to helium occurs in the sun and is the source for all external
weather related events.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
FISSION  To split apart
In nuclear fission reactions (also called radioactive decay), a neutron is aimed
at the nucleus of a large, unstable atom, like uranium, thorium, or other
radioactive elements. The extra mass of the neutron causes the radioactive
nucleus to split apart, forming lighter elements, free neutrons, and great
quantities of energy. This process causes convection currents that move
Earth’s tectonic plates, and generate earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Also called radioactive decay. _______________
The one that almost rhymes with “split.” ______________
DOES NOT generate a large volume of solid radioactive waste. _______________
Produces large quantities of energy. __________________
Earth’s source of external energy (atmosphere, oceans, weather, plants, etc.). ______________
Define the following:
1. Endothermic:
3. Heat:
5. Thermal Energy:
2.
4.
Exothermic:
Temperature:
Answer the following questions:
6. When an object is heating up, the molecules inside of it begin to move _______________________ (faster/slower).
7. If you hold a paper cup containing hot chocolate in your hand, thermal energy:
a.
does not flow.
b.
flows from the air to the hot chocolate.
c.
flows from the hot chocolate to your hand.
d.
flows from your hand to the hot chocolate.
8. Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy due to:
a.
direct contact of particles of matter.
Give an example:
b.
differences in density.
c.
the force of buoyancy.
d.
electromagnetic radiation.
9. The type of heat transfer which requires no matter in order for it to occur is called:
a.
insulation.
Give an example:
b.
conduction.
c.
convection.
d.
radiation.
10. The type of heat transfer called convection happens as a result of:
a.
electromagnetic waves.
Give an example:
b.
the direct contact of particles in a substance.
c.
the actual motion of a fluid in the form of currents.
d.
All of the above
11. Label questions A to H as being either an endothermic or exothermic reaction:
C)
Going from a solid to a liquid.
A)
B)
D)
Going from a gas to a liquid.
E)
Going from a liquid to a solid.
F)
A campfire burning.
G)
Activating a cold pack.
H)
K2O (s) + CO2 (g) → K2CO3 (s) + energy