* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Mutation Study Guide
Mitochondrial DNA wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis wikipedia , lookup
Gene therapy of the human retina wikipedia , lookup
BRCA mutation wikipedia , lookup
DNA damage theory of aging wikipedia , lookup
Koinophilia wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Cancer epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Zinc finger nuclease wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Genome editing wikipedia , lookup
Saethre–Chotzen syndrome wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Oncogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Population genetics wikipedia , lookup
Microsatellite wikipedia , lookup
Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Haplogroup G-P303 wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Section 8.7 Study Guide: Mutations Review Questions 1. What is a mutation? Mutations are changes to an organism’s DNA. A mutation can change the protein coded for by a gene. 2. If a nucleotide is deleted from a strand of DNA, what type of mutation has occurred? A frameshift mutation 3. List two types of gene mutations. Point mutation/substitution and frameshift mutation 4. List two types of chromosomal mutations Gene duplication and translocation 5. Which type of mutation affects more genes, a gene mutation or a chromosomal mutation? Please explain. A chromosomal mutation typically affects more genes because it takes place at a chromosomal level. Chromosomal mutations can have a large effect and may result in a disrupted gene or abnormal regulation of genes. 6. What is translocation? The attachment of a piece of one chromosome to a non-homologous chromosome 7. In a frameshift mutation, what is the “frame” that is being shifted? This mutation involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in a DNA sequence, which shifts the entire sequence by one or more nucleotides – throwing off the reading frame. 8. How might a point mutation in a gene affect the resulting protein? Point mutations may result in premature stop codons or the coding for alternate amino acids, which may change the proteins that are produced. Changes in proteins can disrupt metabolic functions. 9. Below is a string of nucleotides. With the string of nucleotides, you are going to 1) use brackets to indicate the reading frame of the nucleotide sequence; 2) write the nucleotide sequence making a point mutation; and 3) write the nucleotide sequence again but this time make a frameshift mutation. Use brackets to indicate how the reading frame would be altered. Nucleotide sequence: A G G C G T C C A T G A 1. Use brackets to indicate the reading frame. 2. Make a point mutation. 3. Make a frameshift mutation. 10. For a mutation to be passed to an offspring, in what type of cell must it occur? Germ Cell 11. Can DNA polymerase catch and correct every replication error? Explain No. There is no system of replication that is perfect and DNA polymerase is not perfect (it is very good at catching and correcting replication errors but it is not perfect). 12. What is a mutagen? An agent in the environment that can change DNA. 13. In evolution, how do natural selection and mutation work together to better adapt organisms to their environment?