Download New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e

Dm 11 – Browser Knowledge
Browser Basics
Introduction to Microsoft Internet
Explorer and Netscape Navigator
Objectives
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Learn how Web browser software displays Web pages.
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Learn how Web page addresses are constructed.
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Become familiar with the main functions common to all
Web browsers.
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Configure and use the Microsoft Internet Explorer Web
browser to navigate the Web.
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Save and organize Web addresses using Internet Explorer.
Objectives
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Save Web page text and graphics using Internet
Explorer.
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Configure and use the Netscape Navigator Web
browser to navigate the Web.
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Save and organize Web addresses using Netscape
Navigator.
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Save Web page text and graphics using Netscape
Navigator.
Understanding the Structure
of the Web
Client/Server Structure of the
Web
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
4
Client/Server Structure of
the World Wide Web
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When you use your Internet connection to
become part of the Web, your computer
becomes a Web client in a worldwide
client/server network.
Web browser: software that you run on
your computer to make it work as a Web
client.
Web servers: Computers connected to
the Internet that contain files their owners
Hypertext, Links, and
Hypermedia
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Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): standard language used
on the Web.
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HTML uses codes (tags) to tell the Web browser software how to
display text.
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HTML anchor tag: enables Web designers to link HTML documents
to each other.
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Hypertext links: can connect HTML documents together; can also
connect one part of HTML document to another part.
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Hypermedia links: hyperlinks that connect to computer files that
contain pictures, graphics, and media objects such as sound and
video clips.
Hypertext, Links, and
Hypermedia
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
7
Web Site Organization
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When a Web browser displays an HTML
document, it is often referred to as a Web
page.
A collection of linked Web pages with a
common theme is called a Web site.
The main page that all of the other pages
on the Web site are organized around and
link back to is called the site’s home
Addresses on the Web
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Internet Protocol Address (IP): unique id number given to
each computer on the Internet.
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Domain Name: unique name associated with specific IP
address by a program that runs on an Internet host computer.
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Domain Name Software (DNS) coordinates IP addresses
and domain names for all computers attached to it.
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Domain name server: the host computer that runs DNS
software.
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The last part of domain name is called its top-level domain
(TLD).
Common Top Level Domains
(TDLs)
Uniform Resource Locators
Four-part addressing scheme. Tells the Web browser:
Transfer
Domain
protocol to use when transporting the file.
name of computer on which file resides.
Pathname
resides.
Name
of folder or directory on computer on which file
of the file.
Uniform Resource Locators
Structure of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Main Elements of Web
Browsers
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Title Bar
Scroll Bars
Status Bar
Menu Bar
Page Tab
Home Button
Main Elements of Internet
Explorer Program Window
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
14
Main Elements of Navigator
Program Window
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
15
Finding Information on the
Web Using Search Engines &
Web
Directories
 Web Search Engines: Web pages that
conduct searches of the Web to find words
or expressions you enter.
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Web Directory: a Web page that
contains a list of Web page categories like
education or recreation. Can narrow the
results returned for a particular search.
Web directory editors categorize the
Web pages.
Returning to Web Pages
Previously Visited
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Using favorites and bookmarks
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Internet Explorer - save the URL of a site you
would like to revisit as a favorite in the
Favorites folder.
Netscape - use a bookmark to save the URL
of a specific page so you can return to it.
Using the History List
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Back button
Forward button
Returning to Web Pages
Previously Visited
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Cookies
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A small file that a Web server writes to the
disk of the client computer.
Can contain information about the user such
as login names and passwords.
Assists in performing functions such as
automatic login.
User is often unaware that the files are being
written to the computer’s disk drive.
Reloading a Web Page
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The browser stores a copy of every Web
page it displays on your computer’s hard
drive in a cache folder.
Use the Refresh button in IE or the
Reload button in Navigator to load the
same Web page that appears in the
browser window again.
Use the Stop button to halt the Web
page transfer from the server.
Printing and Saving Web
Pages
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You can use a Web browser to print a Web
page.
You can save copies of most Web pages
as files that you can store on your
computer’s hard disk, floppy disk, etc.
Some Web pages are written to make
copying difficult or impossible.
Reproducing Web Pages and
Copyright Law
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Laws that govern the use of photocopies, audio or video
recordings, and other reproductions of authors’ original
work.
Legal right of the author or other owner of an original
work to control reproduction, distribution and sale of that
work.

Comes into existence as soon as the work is placed into
tangible form.
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Exists even if the work does not contain a copyright
notice.
Reproducing Web Pages and
Copyright Law
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Fair use is a provision that allows
students to use limited amounts of
copyrighted information in term papers
and other reports in an academic setting.
Source must always be cited.
Commercial use of copyright more
restricted.
Obtain permission from copyright holder
Starting Microsoft
Internet Explorer
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Click Start button on the taskbar, point to All Programs, click
Internet Explorer.
The Standard Buttons toolbar has a number of buttons that
execute frequently used commands for browsing.
Starting Microsoft
Internet Explorer
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The status bar at
the bottom of the
window includes
several panels that
give you information
about Internet
Explorer’s operations.
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Transfer progress
report & graphical
transfer progress
indicator.
Security zone.
Entering a URL in the
Address Bar
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Click at end of current text in the Address
bar, then delete any unnecessary or
unwanted text from the displayed URL.
Type the URL of the location that you
want to go.
Press the Enter key to load the URL’s Web
page in the browser window.
Hyperlink Navigation
Using the Mouse
Easiest way to move from one Web page to
another is to use the mouse to click
hyperlinks:
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Click the hyperlink
After the new Web page has loaded, rightclick the Web page’s background
Click Back on the shortcut menu
Returning to Previously
Viewed Web Pages
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The Favorites List lets you store and
organize a list of Web pages that you have
visited so you can return to them easily.
You can create folders to store your
favorites in.
You can easily organize your folders in a
hierarchical structure even after you have
stored them.
Returning to Previously
Viewed Web Pages
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The Back and Forward buttons on the Standard Buttons toolbar
and the Back and Forward options on the shortcut menu enable you
to move to and from previously visited pages.
To see where you have been during a session, you can open the
history list by clicking on the History button on the Standards
Buttons toolbar.
The Refresh button on the Standard Buttons toolbar loads a new
copy of the Web page that currently appears in the browser
window.
The Home button on the Standard Buttons toolbar displays the
home (or start) page for your copy of Internet Explorer.
Printing a Web Page
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The Print button on the Standard Buttons toolbar
and the Print option on the File menu let you print
the current Web frame or page.
When printing long Web pages, a print option that is
extremely useful for saving paper is to reduce the
font size of the Web pages before you print them.
Internet Explorer allows users to preview pages
before they print them. Select Print Preview from
the File menu.
Checking Web Page Security
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You can check some of the security elements of a Web
page by clicking File, Properties, and then the
Certificates button.
Internet Explorer will display security information for the
page that appears in the browser window to advise you
of the overall security of the page.
Encryption is a way of scrambling and encoding data
transmissions that reduces the risk that a person who
intercepts the Web page as it travels across the Internet
will be able to decode and read the page’s contents.
A padlock symbol appears in the status bar when
Internet Explorer loads an encrypted Web page.
Getting Help in Internet Explorer
Using Internet Explorer to
Save a Web Page
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You can save entire Web pages, selected
portions of Web page text, or particular
graphics from a Web page to a disk.
You can save portions of Web page text so
you can use it in other programs.
You can save a graphic from a Web page
by right-clicking on the picture and clicking
Save Picture As.
Starting Netscape Navigator
Click the Start button
on the taskbar, point to
All Programs, point to
Netscape 7.1, and then
click Navigator.
Using the Navigation and
Personal Toolbars
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The Navigation toolbar includes buttons that execute
frequently used commands for browsing the Web.
You can use the toolbar tabs to hide or show the
toolbars quickly.
The view menu commands are toggles, like a
pushbutton switch on a television set.
You can use the Location bar to enter URLs directly
into Navigator.
Using the Navigation and
Personal Toolbars
Navigator Navigation Toolbar
Using the Personal Toolbar
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You can customize the Personal toolbar by adding and
removing toolbar buttons.
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The Home button loads the program’s defined start page.
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The My Netscape button opens a version of the Netscape’s
Home page that you can customize.
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The Bookmarks button opens a list of Web sites whose URLs
you have saved.
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You can click the Personal toolbar tab or use the View
menu to hide and show the Navigation toolbar and its tab.
Using the Personal Toolbar
Creating a Bookmark
for a Web Site
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You use the bookmark feature to store
and organize a list of Web pages that
you have visited so that you can return
to them easily.
You can create folders to store your
bookmarks in.
You can easily organize your folders in a
hierarchical structure.
Creating a Bookmark for
a Web Site
Creating a Bookmarks folder:
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Click Bookmarks on the Personal toolbar, and
then click Manage Bookmarks.
Click the New Folder button.
Delete the default text in the Name text box, and
then type a new folder name.
Click the OK button.
Creating a Bookmark for
a Web Site
Saving a Bookmark in a Bookmarks Folder:
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Open the page that you want to bookmark in Navigator.
Click Bookmarks on the menu bar, and then click File
Bookmark.
Type a descriptive name in the box.
Select the folder in which you want to save the bookmark
and click the OK button.
Hyperlink Navigation
Using the Mouse
Easiest way to move from one Web page to
another is to use the mouse to click
hyperlinks.
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Click the hyperlink.
After the new Web page has loaded, right-click on
the Web page’s background.
Click Back on the shortcut menu.
Returning to Pages
Previously Visited
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The Back and Forward buttons on the Navigation
toolbar and the Back and Forward options on the
shortcut menu enable you to move to and from
recently visited pages.
The Reload button on the Navigator toolbar loads
again the web page that is currently in your browser
window.
The Home button on the Personal toolbar displays
the home (or start) page for your copy of Navigator.
Printing a Web Page
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The Print button on the Navigation
toolbar lets you print the current Web
frame or page.
You use this button to make a printed
copy of most Web pages (some Web
pages disable the Print command).
You can use the Page Setup dialog box to
create custom formats for printing Web
Checking Web Page Security
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The Security indicator button is a small picture of a padlock that
appears at the right edge of the status bar at the bottom of the
Navigator browser window.
The button will display as either an open padlock icon or a closed
padlock icon to indicate whether the Web page was encrypted
during transmission from the Web server.
Encryption is a way of scrambling and encoding data transmissions
that reduces the risk that a person who intercepts the Web page as
it travels across the Internet will be able to decode and read the
page’s contents.
Managing Cookies
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Navigator stores all cookies in one file and
gives users a tool to manage that file
called the Cookie Manager.
You can delete cookies with the Cookie
Manager.
To delete all cookies that have been stored
on your computer, you would click the
Remove All Cookies button.
Getting Help in Navigator
Using Navigator to Save
a Web Page
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You can store entire Web pages, selected
portions of Web page text, or particular
graphics from a Web page to a disk.
You can save portions of Web page text so
you can use it in other programs.
You can save a graphic from a Web page
by right-clicking on the picture and clicking
Save Image As.
Summary
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Web pages and Web sites make up the
World Wide Web.
The Web uses a client/server structure in
which Web server computers make Web
page files available to Web client
computers that are running Web browser
software.
Each server computer on the Internet has
Summary
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The domain name plus the Web page
filename make up the Uniform Resource
Locator (URL).
All Web browsers have the same basic
elements and can be used to explore the
Web in similar ways.
Web browsers display Web pages and
maintain a history list that can be used to
find pages previously visited.
Summary
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Web browsers allow users to print and
save Web pages and elements of Web
pages.
Internet Explorer and Navigator are the
two most widely used Web browsers.