Download APES Alec Humphries Chapter 8 Guided Reading 1: Explain how

APES
Alec Humphries
Chapter 8 Guided Reading
1: Explain how the introduction of the American Gray Squirrel into Great Britain
demonstrates the Competitive Exclusion Principle.
The american gray squirrel competed with the British red squirrel to the point where
the american gray squirrel became the dominant species in the area.
Measuring Niches
1: What is an ecological niche?
How an organism or population responds to the distribution of resources and
competitors.
2: What is the difference between a fundamental and realized niche?
A fundamental niche is the total resources that an individual can fulfill, and a realized
niche is the actual amount of resources that a species uses.
Symbiosis
1: In ecology, symbiosis describes a relationship between two organisms that is
beneficial to both- each partner in symbiosis is called a: _________________
Mutualistic relationship
2: What is an obligate symbiont?
Organism that is dependent on establishing a symbiotic relationship with another.
3: Explain the symbiotic relationship between people and dogs
Dogs are friendly and companionable towards humans, and humans care for dogs,
creating a behavioral symbiosis.
Predation and Parasitism
1: Explain how predation and parasitism actually helps increase species diversity
in an ecosystem
They will cause individuals to adapt to the risks so they can better avoid predation or
parasitism, possibly creating more species.
How Geography and Geology Affect Biological Diversity
1: In general, greater diversity occurs: ______________________
At lower latitudes.
APES
Alec Humphries
Chapter 8 Guided Reading
2: What geographic factors affect species biodiversity?
Altitude, soil type, slope, and nearness to a drainage basin.
3: How can moderate environmental disturbances increase diversity?
They can create new patches of different environmental factors, changing what species
can live there.
4: How do people affect diversity? Explain.
Human interaction tends to decrease diversity, because humans destroy the diverse
habitats that animals used to survive just so that civilization can spread.
*SEE TABLE BELOW*
Convergent and Divergent Evolution
1: Define and give an example of each of the following:
* Convergent Evolution
The independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages. Ex:
wings, birds have different kinds of them but some cannot fly.
* Divergent Evolution
The accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of
new species. Ex: Galapagos finches
An ecological island is not necessarily an island surrounded by water, but is an area of
land, isolated by natural or artificial means from the surrounding land, where a
natural micro-habitat exists amidst a larger differing ecosystem.
Study Questions
1: Why do introduced species often become pests?
They usually do not have natural predators.
APES
Alec Humphries
Chapter 8 Guided Reading