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Organizing Life’s Diversity 2 Modern Classification REVIEW VOCABULARY evolution Recall the definition of the Review Vocabulary term. evolution NEW VOCABULARY Use your book to define each term. phylogeny phylogeny character molecular clock character cladistics cladogram molecular clock cladistics Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education cladogram Science Notebook • Organizing Life’s Diversity 225 2 Modern Classification (continued) Compare the four concepts that biologists have used or are using to classify organisms. Basis of Concept Classification Limitations Typological species concept group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in a natural setting Science Notebook • Organizing Life’s Diversity 226 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education unknown evolutionary histories for some species 2 Modern Classification (continued) Get It? DNA. Explain what the molecular clock model uses to compare Describe cladograms by completing the paragraph. A is a branching diagram that represents the proposed or evolution of a in cladograms are called or group. The groups used . To a cladogram, characters are identified. Then the species is identified based on the or derived characters in the of the . In making a cladogram, assume that groups that characters have a more of various more derived common ancestor. SUMMARIZE Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Describe a process scientists use to construct a cladogram that includes a new species of vascular plant that was recently discovered in the rainforest. Science Notebook • Organizing Life’s Diversity 227 2 Modern Classification (continued) CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 1. Describe how the changing species concept has affected classification systems. 2. Summarize the different concepts of a species. 3. Describe some methods used to determine phylogeny. 4. Organize the following derived characters on a cladogram in order of ascending complexity: multicellular, hair, backbone, unicellular, and four appendages. 6. Indicate the hypothetical evolutionary relationship between two species if their DNA sequences share a 98 percent similarity. Science Notebook • Organizing Life’s Diversity 228 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education 5. Describe the mathematical challenges of counting the “ticks” of a molecular clock.
