Download World History AP Review - Global Religions

WHAP REVIEW
RELIGION, ECONOMIC IDEAS, & GOVERNMENT
BY: Sarah Behringer
Christianity & Judaism
● Christianity is rooted in Judaism- many of the same ideas
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Jesus is the messiah, Bible is the holy book. 10 Commandments, 7
sacraments, emphasis on the afterlife.
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Judaism: important because it brings monotheism to the table. Abraham is their key
figure; God gave him Israel. Torah is the holy book.
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Both were disliked by Romans- seen as a challenge to their authority
Zoroastrianism
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Ancient religion, influenced Christians, Jews, Muslims, etc. 1500 BCE with the
prophet Zoroaster, was outraged by the state of society. Aresta is the holy book
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Received vision from Ahura Mazda (the supreme God), Angra Mainyu is the
destructive spirit; devil/satan equivalent. He can be defeated by good
thoughts, good deeds, and good words
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Fire is a pure representation of Ahura Mazda- but not worshipped
Hinduism
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Foundations from the Caucasus Mountain region
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Veda is the holy book, believe in a caste system called Varna/Jati. Impacted by skin
color & occupation. Polytheistic
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Dharma is one’s moral duty, determines your karma, which in turn
determines your rebirth. Only the highest caste can be reborn as humans.
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Moksha is the final stage before rebirth
Buddhism
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Key figure is Buddha, who grew up rich, then saw suffering.
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Grows out of Hinduism, also believes in reincarnation. Tries to reach
Nirvana instead of Moksha. No supreme creator, but has divine beings
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His enlightenment: We suffer because of our desire for material items
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Many regional flavors: Theravada (Classic, India), Mahayana (China),
Tibetan (Tibet), and Zen (Japan).
Dynastic Cycle
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In China. Not recognized at the moment, but historians found this it is the process
all dynasties went through. Emperors have a “mandate of heaven” from God.
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Dynasty comes to power, people prosper, problems (like invasion) begin,
people are more taxed, Droughts/Flood/Famine happen, *Mandate of
Heaven is lost*, Poor people find new leader to rebel with, Old emperor is
defeated, and the cycle starts all over again
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Started during the Zhou dynasty. People’s responsibility to overthrow
3 Chinese Philosophies
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Confucianism: Started by Confucius in the Zhou dynasty. (551-479 BC)
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Social order, harmony, ancient tradition, Filial Piety (respect for your
elders), women are expected to submit. No reincarnation/little afterlife
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Believes government is there for protection
Daoism: Started by Laozi in the 6th century. The holy book is Dao De Ching.
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Based on nature, emphasis on the natural order. Balance is key; extremes
can not last for long. Yin & Yang come from this. Life on earth > afterlife
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Shunned politics, the government shouldn’t control.
Legalism: Only used by Emperor Qin (built Great Wall), believes that powerful
government is key for order. Harsh laws make this widely unpopular
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Burned books, killed teachers, rewarded followers, etc.