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CURRENT
Agriculture productions are mostly for subsistence.
Agriculture Policy is not clear.
Unreliable Markets for agricultural products
Currently, agriculture contributes a lot to the economy, (hence 50% up on the graph; rich
economy) but then also contributes substantially to degradation (50% up on the graph)
Subsistence farmers: contributes to the livelihood. Even people with business have farms in
this region.
Employs a lot of people – agriculture in general
Don’t look at the perspective of the country, look at the region. What is affecting this
specific region? Some areas have livestock and no farming, some have agroforestry, so look
at your own area.
Even if you look along the road, you can see that there is a lot of farming in the southern
zone.
Agriculture is more substantial perhaps for this area’s economy, but how much degradation
has it caused?
How many wetlands have been converted to farms? Dried rivers?
You won’t see dried rivers because of high rainfall (but the high rainfall is just a case for
Rungwe and Rukwa)
Dry rivers: Mbarari, Halali river. Feeds great Ruaha. All these are silted rivers from
agriculture.
Siltation in Mbarari is substantial
Rukwa lake: the depth has reduced from the agriculture in surrounding area. Also the depth
of Mtera dam has gone down; also due to farming in nearby areas
Degradation in the form of erosion and poor soils.
Wide-spread use of agrochemicals (pesticides and herbicides) and fertilizers in Njombe. The
soil with the agrochemicals is carried over to water ways. Water becomes unsuitable for
people use.
Njombe region: in dry season, there are rampant fires. Fires widespread from agriculture
sites, which leads to more degradation. Farmers start the fire but the fire itself spreads and
becomes wild. (not everyone uses the prescribed/judicious burning. You need a permit for
this, and the process is long and hard to enforce)
Farm burning-turned-wildfire also common in Sumbawanga
Agriculture is one of the sector contributes to the economic growth but it also contribute to
the environmental degradation. Increase investment existing policy e.g Kilimo kwanza, Big
results now. More deforestation as 80% of the population depend on agriculture. Increase
in production of seasam
Poor farming practice no conservation farming.
Population
increase. Increase in employment to the locals. Carbon emission
It’s a main source of income to communities (Coffee, Cashew nuts, simsim, maize etc)thus
highly contributes into per capita income
However, environmental destruction due to poor farming methods associated with
expanding population is high.
The economy is slightly increased parallel with increase in environmental degradation, due
to the following;
Shifting/ subsistence agriculture
Uncontrolled bush fire and deforest rations
Inability to afford agricultural inputs
Need for timber charcoal and firewood especially on tobacco products
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It is the leading sector in employment
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It contributes more for food security
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Shifting cultivation, poor farming system
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Poor agronomic practices
Environment: Shifting cultivation, Encroachment to forest areas
Economy: Many people depend on agriculture to earn a living
There is Shifting Agriculture which contributes to environmental degradation.
Farmers are getting limited Agricultural input
They don’t used fertilizer
Unreliable Rain and poor agricultural technology lead to poor productivity
The poor agricultural practice leading to poor productivity.
The increase of food production is due to increase of the farm land.
Natural vegetation and forest land converted to agricultural land.
80% of population depends on agricultural and larger percent are peasant.
Poor Agricultural Implemented contributed to poor productivity.
Extensive farm with low productivity
(production is subsistance and it is not environmenal friendly) because of shifting
cultivation and cultivation on slopes which cause siltation and decrease of water flow in the
valley
Conversion of forest area into agriculture due to Shift cultivation and increased population
Low production and productivity due poor production technology (e.g. 1ha of maize
produce an average of 0.4 tons)
Low and unreliable rainfall due to changes of weather
Low education
weak policies and regulations which exaggerates land use conflicts.
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Expansion of agricultural farms/ opening of new farms
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Shifting cultivation
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Lack of land use plans
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Inadequate extension services
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Use of artificial fertilizers
KC: At present the degradation linked to the agriculture is already evident and economy as
average is relatively poor
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Subsistence agriculture
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Shifting cultivation (areas with high intensity Kiteto, Handeni &Kilindi)
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Poor agronomical practices
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Unavailability of farming implements
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Inadequate extension services
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Improper use of agrochemicals
It increase per capital income in the lake zones
It contributes income in every household
Environmental/Land degradation in this sector is higher due to the fact that clearing of
forest and bushes covers big place
Opening up new land for agricultural activities something which plays a big role on
environmental degradation
There is an increase of population while the land remain the same
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Contribute to economy growth in Lake Zone
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There is food security
Contribute to the GDP is low and impact on land is big. Lack of know-how and resources for
improvement at the grassroot, village extension service officer don’t have enough resource
for intervene locally
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Poor but somehow productive
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Poor agricultural practices
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Cultivation of wetlands
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Shifting cultivation
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Tilling along sloping areas
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Use of insecticides and herbicides
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Mono-cropping
BAU (2025)
Economic rise but there will be more Environmental degradation.
More forests will be cleared for agriculture.
Agricultural productivity will not be improved
Currently as the degradation rate caused by Agriculture ranges from 10%-20%. Per year, so
it is predicted that it will reach at 70% by 2025
Kilimo Kwanza, Big Results Now(BRN) == Agricultural policies that are part of the national
effort, largely affect this area’s farming practices
Has the policies led to more degradation by leading to the expansion of farms?
Kilimo Kwanza doesn’t say to expand farms. It says to increase production. But often the
way the policy is interpreted on the ground it leads to expanded farming area.
In Big Results Now, the policy plans to improve irrigation schemes, reaching areas that were
previously not irrigated. This means that it will bring unused land into farming.
What happens in reality in response to governmental agricultural policy is to increase the
acreage of land (e.g irrigation scheme will bring more land under farming)
Maybe agriculture in BAU will lead to more degradation and more output, since the current
policy encourages the expansion of farming
The BAU scenario also includes corruption in the allocation and use of land: The areas set
aside for livestock and reserves are bought by “big-shot” people and are converted to
agriculture.
Possiblity of multiple trajectories given present scenarios? This should not be considered,
since we only want to address one baseline to one point in the future.
There used to be past agricultural production increase policies as well: Kilimo ni siasa, kilimo
cha kufa na kupona etc. Most led to expanded acreage of farm area. Agriculture doesn’t
care about environment, only about production
So maybe our trajectory will be increased agriculture production and even more degraded
environment
Large-scale agriculture: what will large scale agriculture do to the southern highlands? Will
there be increased production from large-scale farms, but then largely-degraded
environment? Members think large-scale agriculture, if done well, is a green-economy
scenario
Land-grabbing will increase poverty? As large-scale agriculture expands, more people are
left landless by large-scale agricultural investors? One member explains that land-grabbing
is not land being taken away from people who own it. It happens when investors are sold a
piece of land where the people have no land-holding titles, though the individuals have
been farming in the areas. Without the titles, the land is assumed as
unoccupied/free/government’s, hence sold.
Increase in investment. Poor practice an Agriculture therefore clear more forest -Shifting
cultivation. Increase in production. Poor /no conservation farming methods. Employment
provision to the local. Carbon emission through deforestation and land degradation.
Inadequate LUP. Low level of technology
Higher production and economic growth is expected due to population growth, expansion
of infrastructure. Environmental destruction expected to rise.
The economy will increase hand to hand with increase in environmental degradation due to
the following reasons.
Shifting cultivation will be applied due to increase in manpower as a result economy
will increase in relation to increase in environmental degradation.
Influence of climatic change (change in rainfall pattern and low rainfall) people will
acquire more land for cultivation in order to produce more.
Agriculture will absorb more people from other sectors such as mining sectors.
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Will cause more degradation but with less economic increase.
The economy trend will rise while increasing environmental degradation.
Population will be grow and demand for agricultural land will increase
Soil fertility will drop and productivity will also decrease.
productivity will go down because of decline of soil fertility
Low and unreliable rainfall due to increase in forest and environment degradation
Increase in environmental degradation due to shift cultivation
Increase in food insecurity due to low production and productivity in agriculture
Increased land use conflicts due to weak policies and regulations
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Agricultural production will increase at a decreasing rate
Increased Environmental degradation
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Forest deforestation
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Population increase hence land conflicts
KBAU: there is a modest increase in economy also in relation to the growth experienced in
the last ten years, and env degradation also increases to reach approx. 50% of the
environment touched by some form of degradation. Land(use plan could be the solution but
it is very expensive (15-20 milion Tsh/village)
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High magnitude of aforementioned reasons under current column
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New farm establishment resulting into deforestation
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Agricultural inputs causes soil, air and water pollution
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Poor farming methods cause soil erosion/land degradation
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Population will increase, this will lead to economy increase though at low rate
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Shortage of rainfall resulting into drought
Population increase and situation will become worse; no investors; bad use of chemical
fertiliser decreasing suitability; more people and more land will be cleared out- semiarid,
arid; they are starting to use wetlands; effects of climate change will make the situation
worse; lack of processing factories; poor agc practices;
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Shifting from agricultural activities to fisheries, mining, charcoaling, etc
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Lack of access to loan from financial institutions
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Fluctuation of crop prices
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Increase of population
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Climate change
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Lack of political will in allocating adequate funds (e.g. investment in irrigation)
GE (2025)
Environmental conservation will be well practised and rise in agricultural outputs.
There will be good agricultural policy and well established land use plans.
Policies and by-laws are positively implemented by 2025
Agriculture will bring green economy by 2025
The community are aware about by-laws and registration by 2015
More production (richer economy) and better environment through the following:
Introduction of new high-value crops: e.g apples – farmers in this region will take the new
crops and perhaps get more output from the same land
Stop using agrochemicals: This is not going to stop anytime soon because the fertilizers
promise a lot of outputs. Organic fertilizers need very rich farmers.
(A green economy scenario is not that people stop using agrochemicals, but people use
them more properly)
Large-scale agriculture? A lot of water will be used, a lot of fertilizers and inputs, but then
maybe a slight improvement in the conversion of forest to farms. More output in the same
lands.
Policy changes and proper implementation in large scale farming – policy-abiding agriculture
Smart farmers: using inputs correctly and appropriately
Agroforestry: agroforestry is there – it is not a new thing. Growing maize under acacia/
migunga, as it helps maize grow in hot areas by providing shade. Maybe this expands to
more areas
Increse in production per unit area.
Practice environmental friendly agriculture eg. Conservation agriculture.
Increase in in investment. Use of environmental friendly technology eg use pesticide.
Encourage youth to engage themselves in agriculture. Implementation Land use plans.
Awareness , capacity building and improved technology.
Productivity will increase due to application of inputs, hybrid seeds, fertilizer, chemicals.
Good agricultural policy and programme strategy e.g. SAGCOT. Use of proper technology.
Irrigation schemes. Warehouse receipt system.
Under the massive SAGCOT agricultural programme, improved technology is expected such
as mechanized farming and conservation agriculture. Land use planning in all villages so
farming is done in specified areas only. Availability of land for agricultural expansion.
However, expanding land under cultivation will demand protected areas to fall into
farmlands.
The economy will grow while preserving environment due to;
-Introducing friendly farming technology and inputs.
-Improved farming education.
-Good policies formulated with positive interventions.
Small area can be cultivated with high potentials.
In ten years we will have positive change on environmental conservation but We expect
less growth economically because of increased economic investment and decreased land
coverage
Increased economy with decreased env. degradation due to intensive agriculture based on
land use plan and application of advanced agricultural technologies
Policies, by laws formulation and review
Promote processing industries-Value chain addition
Innovative technology
Irrigation schemes
Inputs and technology
Improved seeds.
Market accessibility due to road network.
Good governance
productivity and environment will improve by addressing the following (use of inputs like
fertilizer, agronomic practices, irrigation like mangonyi in Sgd, Bahi in Ddm and Endasaki in
MNR, crop diversification like cashewnut in Ddm and Sgd, processing industry like double
refining machine at Endanoga village in Galapo, improved marketing and storage, improved
financing services like Agriculture Development Bank,Cooperative Bank and window of
enterpreneurship of Tanzania Investment Bank.
Improved production and productivity due to improved production technology
Presence of good policies and regulations hence reduce conflict especially land use conflicts
Presence of good and reliable rainfall due to improved environment and forest conservation
•Sustainable land use plan
•Good agricultural practices
•Commercial agriculture and irrigation farming leading to high yield
•Agro-forest and afforestation
KGE: change of crop choice, change of use of fertilisers (conservation agriculture), will have
a relatively modest impact on the productivity in 11 years but the environment has enough
resources to heal rapidly and improve.
•Technological improvements in farming
•Readily available market
•Access to market
•Access to agricultural information
•Shift from subsistence to commercial agriculture
•Good farming practices
•Adequate extension services
•Proper use of agrochemicals
•Production will increase to ensure food security
•Economy will raise as a result of environmental conservation
•Enforcement of policy on environmental conservation
Vegetation regeneration thus will improved biodiversity
Move from susbsistance farming and change to commercial; rotation agriculture; empower
people in commercial farming and sustainable agriculture; know-how; improvement of
technologies; village extension service officer are able to work
•Implementation of Kilimo Kwanza
•Improved extension services
•Intervention from NGOs (VI Agro forestry, Victoria Farming and Fishing Organization,
Kagera Cooperative Union, World Vision (T), TACRI)
•Improved access to loan