Download 4.3.2 Finding a Match.docx

Cami Berman
4.3.2 Finding a Match
Red Blood Cell Surface Antigen
Plasma Antibodies
Can Receive Blood From
Possible Genotype
Type A
A
B
A&O
IAIA or IAi
Type B
B
A
B&O
IBIB or IBi
Type AB
A&B
None
A, B, AB, & O
I AI B
Type O
None
A&B
O
ii
Blood Sample
Agglutination
with Anti-A
Serum (+/-)
Agglutination
with Anti-B
Serum (+/-)
Agglutination
with Anti-Rh
Serum (+/-)
Blood Type
Possible
Genotype(s)
Diana Jones
+
-
+
A Rh+
IAIA or IAi,
Rh+/Rh+,
Rh-/Rh-
Jennifer
+
-
+
A Rh+
IAIA or IAi
Rh+/Rh+,
Rh-/Rh-
Jack
-
+
+
B Rh+
IBIB or IBi
Rh+/Rh+,
Rh-/Rh-
Louis
+
-
+
A Rh+
IAIA or IAi
Rh+/Rh+,
Rh-/Rh-
Judy Smith
-
-
+
O Rh+
ii
Rh+/Rh+,
Rh-/Rh-
Sue Smith
-
+
+
B Rh+
IBIB or IBi
Rh+/Rh+,
Rh-/Rh-
Emily Jones
+
+
+
AB Rh+
I AI B
Rh+/Rh+,
Rh-/Rh-
Sarah Jones
-
-
+
O Rh+
ii
Rh+/Rh+,
Rh-/Rh-
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Jordan Jones
+
+
+
AB Rh+
I AI B
Rh+/Rh+,
Rh-/Rh-
Conclusion/ Essential Questions
1.Based on blood type alone, who can donate a kidney to Diana? Explain your reasoning.
Jennifer, Louis, Judy, and Sarah can donate a kidney to Diana. This is because Diana has a blood
type of A and all of these people either have a blood type of A or O which are the only two blood
types that can safely donate to an A blood type.
2.Diana’s husband had Type B blood. Using this information as well as Diana’s and her siblings’ blood
types, what were Diana’s parents’ blood types and their corresponding genotypes? Use your pedigree to
help you determine their blood types and corresponding genotypes. Explain how you determined your
answer.
One of Diana’s parent’s blood type is type A with the corresponding genotype of I Ai with the
other being type B with the corresponding genotypes of I Bi. This can be determined because out of the
five siblings there are the blood types of A, B, and O. In order to make all three of these blood types, the
parents must have A and B blood types with heterozygous genotypes in order to make the blood type of
O.
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3. Why is HLA typing necessary when matching up a kidney donor and recipient?
HLA typing is necessary to decide who a recipient can receive a kidney from because these
markers are used by your immune system to recognize which cells belong in your body and which cells
do not. Using this, we can find blood types and identify which blood types are about to be received by
other individuals. If the antigens do not match, your body will reject the organ/ blood that it is receiving.
4. Why is there a 25% chance of a six-antigen match between siblings?
The genes are linked together on the same chromosome so they are always passed on and
inherited with a little to no chance that they will be split up.
5. How is a cross-matching test similar to a blood typing test?
Cross matching is used to determine if the donor’s blood is compatible with the recipient’s
blood. In a blood typing test, blood is mixed with different serums of Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-Rh.
Depending on whether the blood agglutinates in the serum can help decide what the blood type of the
patient is. These are similar because they both involve mixing the blood in another mixture or serum to
decide whether or not the blood can mix or not.
6. How can marker analysis determine which HLA alleles are present? Hint: Refer back to Activity 3.2.3.
Marker analysis can determine which HLA alleles are present by looking at the genes on
chromosome pair number 9. These genes can tell which different HLA coded antigens are in the blood.
7. Based on blood typing and HLA typing results, who is the most suitable match for Diana? Explain your
answer.
Louis is the most suitable match for Diana because they have matching blood types and share
identical HLA antigens.
8. Now that you have determined a suitable match for Diana, what are the next steps? Why are these
steps so important?
Both Louis and Diana would need to have frequent check-ups and blood tests to make sure
everything is looking alright in order to continue with the transplant surgery. They also both need to
understand the risks that may come with blood transfusions or organ donations.
9. Calculate the PRA for Diana Jones. Show your work. Think about the name of the test percent that
reacts out of all of them…
22/60 = 36.67%
10. Why is a patient with a 25% PRA less likely to reject a kidney transplant than a patient with a 90%
PRA?
A person with 25% PRA is less likely to reject a kidney transplant than a patient with a 90% PRA
because they are less likely to react to the antigens in the blood that may cause clotting. The less
clotting, the easier the procedure will be.
11. What does Diana’s PRA indicate about the success of her transplant?
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Diana’s PRA indicated that she will have a fairly successful procedure but may have just a bit of
issues with blood clotting because of her PRA value being a little above the success value.
12. Based on the results of the blood typing, HLA typing, and PRA, who is the most appropriate family
member to donate his or her kidney to Diana? Explain your answer. What additional test needs to be
completed before the transplantation?
Louis is the most appropriate family member to donate to Diana because they have the same blood
type, the same HLA typing, and about the same PRA value. A blood match test needs to be performed to
make sure their blood is compatible and that Diana will not reject the kidney.
Essential Question
2. How are organ donors and recipient matched?
Organ donors and recipients are matched by a corresponding or receivable blood type, HLA
typing, and similar and low PRA percentages. With these all matching and being fairly similar, the blood
transfusion or organ donation should run fairly smoothly.
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