Download 6-mark-writing-questions---Bio-Chem-Phys

Name: ___________________________ Class: ______
Date: __________________
(Biology) This question is about the use of stem cells in medical research.
1) READ the text about stem cells. Highlight key terms you should use in your answer.
Stem cells are used to treat some human diseases.
Stem cells can be collected from early embryos. These stem cells have not begun to
differentiate, so they could be used to produce any kind of cell, tissue or organ. The use of
embryonic stem cells to treat human diseases is new and, for some diseases, trials on patients are
happening now.
Stem cells can also be collected from adult bone marrow. The operation is simple but may
be painful. Stem cells in bone marrow mainly differentiate to form blood cells. These stem cells
have been used successfully for many years to treat some kinds of blood disease. Recently there
have been trials of other types of stem cell from bone marrow. These stem cells are used to treat
diseases such as heart disease.
2) PLAN your answer with the table below. Remember to include scientific concepts as well as
consider other ideas (economic, environmental, ethical, social issues on stem cells):
List the
two sources of stem cells:
List one
pro/benefit/advantage
for each source:
List one
con/drawback/disadvantage
for each source:
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
In the space below, list any other relevant ideas and issues:
3) DEVELOP a strong conclusion. Questions to consider about your conclusion:
a) Should scientists continue to carry out stem cell research? Why or why not?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
b) What are your well-considered and scientifically-valid reasons for your opinion?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
4) ANSWER the question. Use Point-Evidence-Explain in your writing:
“Use the information above and your own knowledge and understanding to evaluate the use
of embryonic stem cells or adult bone marrow stem cells for treating human diseases. You
should include economic, ethical or social factors in your evaluation.”
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(6 marks)
Name: ___________________________ Class: ______
Date: __________________
(Chemistry) This question is about ethanol and petrol for use as fuels in vehicles.
1) READ the text about ethanol and petrol. Highlight key terms you should use in your answer.
Ethanol is the type of alcohol found in alcoholic drinks such as wine and beer. It is also useful as
a fuel. It is usually mixed with petrol for use in cars and other vehicles.
In 1970, the Brazilian Government had stated that all petrol must contain more than 25%
ethanol. The reasons for this statement in 1970 were:

the oilfields in Brazil at that time only supplied 20 % of the crude oil needed to make petrol

Brazil has a climate suitable for growing sugar cane.
To produce ethanol the sugar cane plants are crushed and soaked in water for one day. The
sugar solution is separated from the plant material by filtration. Yeast is added to the sugar
solution and fermented for three days. The yeast is separated from the solution of water and
ethanol by filtration. Ethanol is separated from water by fractional distillation.
In 2011, the Brazilian Government decided to reduce the amount of ethanol in petrol to 18%.
The reasons were that in 2011:

the demand for ethanol and the price of ethanol had greatly increased

very large offshore oilfields had been discovered, making Brazil one of the biggest crude oil
producers in the world.
2) PLAN your answer with the table below. Remember to include scientific concepts as well as
consider other ideas (economic, environmental, ethical, social issues on stem cells):
List the
two sources of fuel:
List one
pro/benefit/advantage
for each source:
List one
con/drawback/disadvantage
for each source:
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
In the space below, list any other relevant ideas and issues:
3) DEVELOP a strong conclusion. Questions to consider about your conclusion:
a) Should Brazil produce more ethanol or petrol for fuel? Why or why not?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
b) What are your well-considered and scientifically-valid reasons for your opinion?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
4) ANSWER the question. Use Point-Evidence-Explain in your writing:
“Use the information above and your own knowledge and understanding to evaluate whether
Brazil should in future increase or decrease the amount of ethanol mixed in petrol. You should
include environmental, economic or social factors in your evaluation.”
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(6 marks)
Name: ___________________________ Class: ______
Date: __________________
(Physics) This question is about nuclear energy.
1) READ the text about nuclear energy. Highlight key terms you should use in your answer.
There are two methods of generating electricity using nuclear power.
Nuclear fission is the splitting of an atom's nucleus to release heat. Nuclear power stations use
a carefully-controlled chain reaction of rare radioactive elements such as uranium-235 to heat
water. Dangerous radioactive waste is sealed in glass-like blocks and buried in rocks. Fossil fuel
power stations burn their fuel (coal, oil or gas) to heat their water. The only difference between
fossil fuel and nuclear power stations is how the water is heated.
Nuclear fusion releases more heat energy than nuclear fission. However, in nuclear fusion:

two nuclei must join together (rather than uranium nuclei splitting, as in fission)

extremely high temperatures and pressures are needed.
Extremely high temperatures and pressures are difficult to achieve, and it is difficult to safely
manage the extremely hot gases produced. However, the oceans could provide almost limitless
amounts of the hydrogen isotopes needed for nuclear fusion. Also, nuclear fusion produces no
dangerous wastes, so scientists believe that it is worth trying to design and build a fusion power
station. This is so expensive that several countries are working together on the project.
2) PLAN your answer with the table below. Remember to include scientific concepts as well as
consider other ideas (economic, environmental, social issues on nuclear power):
List the
two types of nuclear energy:
List one
pro/benefit/advantage
for each type:
List one
con/drawback/disadvantage
for each type:
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
In the space below, list any other relevant ideas and issues:
3) DEVELOP a strong conclusion. Questions to consider about your conclusion:
a) Should we continue to use and research nuclear power? Why or why not?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
b) What are your well-considered and scientifically-valid reasons for your opinion?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
4) ANSWER the question. Use Point-Evidence-Explain in your writing:
“Use the information above and your own knowledge and understanding to evaluate whether
we should continue to use and research nuclear power. You should include environmental,
economic or social factors in your evaluation.”
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(6 marks)
Name: ___________________________ Class: ______
Date: __________________
Mark Scheme (Biology)
 marks should not be awarded for simply copying the information provided
 a mark may be awarded for a comparison between treatments if the answer only involves
copied information
 for all 4 marks to be awarded, there must be at least 1 pro and 1 con
0 marks
No
relevant
content.
Level 1 (1-2 marks)
There is a simple
description of advantages
and / or disadvantages of
environmental or
economic or social factors
why scientists should or
should not pursue stem
cell research.
There is a weak or no
conclusion.
Level 2 (3-4 marks)
There a clear description of
advantages and /or
disadvantages of
environmental and
economic or
social factors why
scientists should or should
not pursue stem cell
research.
There is a conclusion based
on the factors described.
Level 3 (5-6 marks)
There is a detailed
description of the
advantages and / or
disadvantages of
environmental and
economic or social factors
why scientists should or
should not pursue stem
cell research, considering
both sources of stem cells.
There is a justified
conclusion.
examples of the biology points made in the response
Embryonic stem cells
Adult bone marrow stem cells
Advantages
Advantages
can treat a wide variety / lots of diseases /
no ethical issues (in collection) or permission
problems
given
many available / plentiful
quick recovery
using them better than wasting them
(relatively) safe
painless
well tried / tested / know they work
Disadvantages
(possible) harm / death to embryo
does not kill (donor) / low risk
(relatively) untested / unreliable / may not work
embryo can’t be ‘asked’ / ’embryo rights’ idea
long term effects not known or may be more
risky
Disadvantages
surgical hazards, eg infection
few types of cell / tissue produced or few
diseases / problems treated
painful so may deter donors
Mark Scheme (Chemistry)
 marks should not be awarded for simply copying the information provided
 a mark may be awarded for a comparison between treatments if the answer only involves
copied information
 for all 4 marks to be awarded, there must be at least 1 pro and 1 con
0 marks
No
relevant
content.
Level 1 (1-2 marks)
There is a simple
description of advantages
and / or disadvantages of
environmental or
economic or social factors
why Brazil should in future
increase or decrease the
amount of ethanol mixed
in petrol.
There is a weak or no
conclusion.
Level 2 (3-4 marks)
There a clear description of
advantages and /or
disadvantages of
environmental and
economic or social factors
Brazil should in future
increase or decrease the
amount of ethanol mixed
in petrol.
There is a conclusion based
on the factors described.
Level 3 (5-6 marks)
There is a detailed
description of the
advantages and / or
disadvantages of
environmental and
economic or social factors
why Brazil should in future
increase or decrease the
amount of ethanol mixed
in petrol, considering both
processes.
There is a justified
conclusion.
examples of the chemistry points made in the response
Sugar cane
Crude oil
Advantages
Advantages
Environmental:
Environmental:
it is renewable / sustainable
does not use land as it is offshore
absorbs CO2 while growing / ‘carbon neutral’
Economical / Social:
Economical / Social:
no loss of food crops
labour intensive, provides employment
extracting or processing is fast / continuous /
low amount of energy / fuel needed so process reliable
costs are low
simple / low technology process so process /
Disadvantages
investment costs are low
Environmental:
it is non-renewable / will run out
Disadvantages
it contains ‘locked up’ carbon / CO2, when
Environmental:
released increases global warming
destruction of habitats / biodiversity to provide destruction of marine habitats / spillages
land to grow sugar cane
Economical / Social:
Economical / Social:
processing requires small number of trained
land should be used to grow food (shortage /
workers
cost / population increase)
high amount of energy / fuel needed so process
growing or process is slow / batch / unreliable
costs are high
(crop failure)
complex / high tech process so process /
investment costs are high
Name: ___________________________ Class: ______
Date: __________________
Mark Scheme (Physics)
 marks should not be awarded for simply copying the information provided
 a mark may be awarded for a comparison between treatments if the answer only involves
copied information
 for all 4 marks to be awarded, there must be at least 1 pro and 1 con
0 marks
No
relevant
content.
Level 1 (1-2 marks)
There is a simple
description of advantages
and / or disadvantages of
environmental, economic,
ethical or social factors
why we should continue to
use and research nuclear
power.
There is a weak or no
conclusion.
Level 2 (3-4 marks)
There a clear description of
advantages and /or
disadvantages of
environmental, economic,
ethical or social factors
why we should continue to
use and research nuclear
power.
There is a conclusion based
on the factors described.
Level 3 (5-6 marks)
There is a detailed
description of the
advantages and / or
disadvantages of
environmental, economic,
ethical or social factors
why we should continue to
use and research nuclear
power, considering both
methods.
There is a justified
conclusion.
examples of the physics points made in the response
Nuclear fission
Nuclear fusion
Advantages
Advantages
Environmental:
Environmental:
does not emit CO2 / harmful gases/ contribute
does not produce pollution / harmful waste
to global warming
products
Economical / Social:
provides cheap electricity (for homes and
industries)
Disadvantages
Environmental:
produces dangerous radioactive wastes that
persist for centuries / millenia
Economical / Social:
difficult to deal with radioactive wastes
risk of irradiation from accidents and leaks
Economical / Social:
potential to provide safe cheap limitless energy
Disadvantages
Environmental:
need access to large bodies of water to provide
hydrogen isotope fuel
Economical / Social:
expensive research and development
difficult and dangerous to maintain high
pressures and temperatures