Download Lecture 1-ZOOLOGY

PLACE OF ZOOLOGY:
Lecture#1
BS Zoology 1st
• Study of animals
• Zoologists
 STUDY A PARTICULAR SPECIES OR GROUP OF SPECIES
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One of the Broadest fields in all of sciences
Many sub disciplines and specializations
300000 described species of beetles
Zoologists usually specialize in one or more of the subdisciplines of zoology.
They may study particular functional, structural, or ecological aspects of one or
more animal groups, or they may choose to specialize in a particular group of
animals
CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS
• Carolus linnaeus father of modern taxonomy
• Formalized binomial
nomenclature
• Each kind of organism is recognized by its two part name
• Classified into hierarchy of relatedness
ENVIRONMENT AND WORLD
RESOURCES
ENVIRONMENT is everything that is around us. It can be living or non-living things.
 Biotic components
 Abiotic components
BIOTIC COMPONENTS
• Any living component that affects another organism, or shapes the ecosystem.
 Producers
 Consumers
 Decomposers
ABIOTIC COMPONENTS
• Non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms
and the functioning of ecosystems
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Sunlight
Water
Wind
Soil
Temperature etc.
ECOSYSTEM
• Interaction between organism and its environment
• 2 major processes
 Recycling of nutrients
 Flow of energy
WORLD RESOURCES
• Two problems, global overpopulation and the exploitation of world resources, are
the focus of our ecological concerns.
 Population
It is estimated that the world population will reach 10.4 billion by the year 2100.
 World Resources
Human overpopulation is stressing world resources.
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More food production
More food consumption
Continued use of fossil fuels
Contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming
Deforestation
Extinction of many plant and animal species
WORLD RESOURCES
• Resources necessary for life are part of natural cycles
• Types
 Non renewable
 Renewable
NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES
• Resources that do not renew itself at a sufficient rate, once consumed cannot be
replaced
• Found inside the earth
• Took millions of years to form
Examples
• Metals
• Non metallic minerals
• Fossil fuels(coal, oil, natural gas)
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
• Resources which are never depleted and are recycled in the nature again and again
• Natural cycle makes them reusable
Examples
AIR
Several kilometer thick blanket of atmosphere surrounding the earth.
LAND AND SOIL
• Upper layer of earth crust
• 30% of earth is land
• 11% of the total area of world is under cultivation
Function
1. Supporting life on earth
2. Provide water, organic and inorganic nutrients to plants
WILD LIFE
• All non cultivated plants and non domesticated animals
• Food chain is disturbed without wild life
ENERGY
Shortage of energy due to rapid decreasing supplies of fossil fuels
 Exhaustible resource
 Inexhaustible resource
EXHAUSTIBLE RESOURCE
• Resources capable of being used up; capable of being exhausted
• Fossil fuels( coal,oil,gas)
• 95% of our daily energy requirement
INEXHAUSTIBLE RESOURCE
• Resource that is present with unlimited amounts in the nature; they cannot be
depleted or exhausted by human activity
• Hydroelectric power
• Wind power
• Tidal power
• Nuclear energy
• Solar energy
• Geothermal energy